Phy 201 Test 2

Front 1

Transduction is the __________.

Back 1

conversion of physical information into neural information

Front 2

The sound of a bell that a research subject can hear in 50 percent of an experiment's trials is that person's __________.

Back 2

absolute threshold

Front 3

Robert asks Thomas if he heard a knock at the door, and Thomas says that he did not. Robert, swearing he heard a knock, goes to the door and opens it, but there is no one there. Signal detection researchers would label Thomas's report of no knock as a _________

Back 3

correct rejection

Front 4

_________________ is the process by which muscles control the shape of the lens to adjust to viewing objects at different distances.

Back 4

Accommodation

Front 5

Josephine is selecting the colors of the flowers for her garden. She can distinguish between colors primarily due to the functioning of her eyes' __________.

Back 5

cones

Front 6

Which of the following correctly portrays the general pathway for the process of vision?

Back 6

Retina, optic nerve, thalamus, visual cortex

Front 7

Lillian sees a store sign that says CL SED. Due to the Gestalt law of __________, Lillian knows the store is closed even though the sign is missing a letter.

Back 7

closure

Front 8

Which of the following correctly depicts the general pathway of a sound entering the outer ear?

Back 8

Pinnae, auditory canal, tympanic membrane

Front 9

Which of the following are bones from the ear that vibrate and amplify sound waves?

Back 9

Hammer, anvil, and stirrup

Front 10

The experience of the flavor of food results from __________.

Back 10

the combination of taste plus smell

Front 11

How did Ben Underwood, who had both of his eyes removed at age 3, learn to shoot a basketball, ride a bike, and walk everywhere?

Back 11

He learned to echolocate by using differences in pitch when sounds bounce off objects of different sizes and distances.

Front 12

What are the two types of photoreceptors?

Back 12

rods and cones

Front 13

Building a visual experience from smaller piece to experience the whole is known as

Back 13

bottom-up processing.

Front 14

The opponent process theory accounts for each of the following pairs except

Back 14

red and blue.

Front 15

The taller a sound wave is,

Back 15

the louder is the sound.

Front 16

Kim gets acupuncture treatments to relieve her chronic pain. Which of the following theories could explain how needles poked into her skin could alleviate Kim’s pain?

Back 16

nociceptive pain theory

Front 17

In ______, people who have lost a limb feel pain in the missing arm or leg.

Back 17

phantom limb pain

Front 18

The papillae contains approximately ______ taste buds

Back 18

10,000

Front 19

The Japanese word umami means

Back 19

“good flavor."

Front 20

______ occurs when a person experiences sensations in one sense when a different sense is stimulated.

Back 20

Synesthesia

Front 21

The ____________ stage of development begins at conception and lasts for two weeks.

Back 21

germinal

Front 22

When a sperm fertilizes an egg, the resulting single cell is known as a __________.

Back 22

zygote

Front 23

Epigenetic effects are those in which __________.

Back 23

the environment affects gene expression

Front 24

Which of the following can be a teratogen?

Back 24

all of these

Front 25

Svetlana has just started to understand that volume remains the same, even if it changes shape. Svetlana must be in which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development.

Back 25

concrete operational

Front 26

How would a child, whose thought is at the conventional level of moral reasoning, respond to the "Heinz Dilemma"?

Back 26

"Heinz should not steal the drug, because everyone can't go around just taking things."

Front 27

According to Mary Ainsworth, the healthiest form of attachment is called __________

Back 27

secure

Front 28

Harry Harlow's studies with baby rhesus monkeys demonstrated the importance of ____________ in promoting optimal development.

Back 28

contact comfort

Front 29

As myelination occurs in the frontal lobes of the late adolescent brain, which of the following occurs?

Back 29

Impulse control increases.

Front 30

Alzheimer's disease has been likened to low levels of which of the following neurotransmitters?

Back 30

acetylcholine

Front 31

When we are born, the brain has more than ______ cells.

Back 31

100 billion

Front 32

Kate is 9 weeks pregnant. The developing child’s heartbeat can be detected with a stethoscope, and organs are growing and maturing. In which stage of development is Kate’s developing child?

Back 32

fetal stage

Front 33

Which of the following is not a quality of preoperational thinking?

Back 33

concrete operations

Front 34

Which theorist commonly presented the “Heinz Dilemma” to his research participants?

Back 34

Lawrence Kohlberg

Front 35

Milo is 18 months. When separated from his mother, he cannot be comforted by his mother when they reunite, and he has difficulty returning to play. Milo shows some passiveness as well. What attachment style would you classify Milo as having?

Back 35

insecure–resistant attachment

Front 36

______ is the period when sexual maturation begins.

Back 36

Puberty

Front 37

According to a survey by Vandewater et al. (2007), approximately what percentage of children aged 0 to 2 had watched TV on the day before the survey was taken?

Back 37

60%

Front 38

Knowledge that we have gained from experience, education, and practice is called

Back 38

crystallized intelligence

Front 39

According to Erik Erikson, the conflict of old age is between

Back 39

integrity versus despair

Front 40

Which theorist outlined the stages that people may move through after learning that they are going to die?

Back 40

Elisabeth Kübler-Ross

Front 41

As stated in the Feist and Rosenberg text, when we sleep we are _________________ conscious.

Back 41

moderately

Front 42

Rose is smitten with Sid. She is speaking with him and is fully aware of what he is saying, the tone of his voice, how he smells, the look in his eyes, and how he makes her feel. Rose's state of consciousness can be said to be high in __________.

Back 42

mindfulness

Front 43

Research has shown that training in __________________ meditation can increase well-being and physical health.

Back 43

mindfulness

Front 44

Circadian rhythms are __________.

Back 44

fluctuations in biological processes that occur approximately within a 24-hour period

Front 45

In adults, each complete sleep cycle, non-REM and REM sleep together, lasts about how long?

Back 45

90 minutes

Front 46

Because infants spend so much more time in REM sleep than do adults, psychologists believe that a primary function of REM is to __________.

Back 46

facilitate brain development

Front 47

In which sleep disorder does the individual literally stop breathing for a short time?

Back 47

sleep apnea

Front 48

To psychoanalytic therapists, the story line of a dream, or its surface content, is known as its _______________ content.

Back 48

manifest

Front 49

Which of the following has been shown to be an effective clinical application of hypnosis?

Back 49

stopping smoking

treating nausea

relieving pain

Front 50

Another name for narcotics is __________.

Back 50

opiods

Front 51

______ is the awareness of one’s surroundings and of what is in one’s mind at a given moment.

Back 51

Consciousness

Front 52

Which of the following systems does not vary on a circadian basis?

Back 52

blinking

Front 53

In which stage of sleep do theta waves occur?

Back 53

Stage 1

Front 54

After the night’s first period of REM sleep,

Back 54

the non-REM periods are shorter, and the REM periods are longer.

Front 55

What percentage of non-REM periods may involve dreaming?

Back 55

up to 70%

Front 56

Individuals with narcolepsy may also experience the disorder ______, which is a weakness of facial muscles and muscles in the limbs.

Back 56

cataplexy

Front 57

______ is a state of mind that occurs in compliance with instructions and is characterized by focused attention, suggestibility, and absorption.

Back 57

Hypnosis

Front 58

Secobarbital, diazepam, and hydrocodone are all examples of

Back 58

depressants

Front 59

MDMA is also known by which other drug name?

Back 59

ecstasy

Front 60

Most people who abuse amphetamines get them from

Back 60

health-care providers.