Phonetics Exam Three

Front 1

4 characteristics of citation form

Back 1

each word= single item, speech in isolation, no dialectical influences, maintain phonetic identity of word

Front 2

4 characteristics casual form transcription

Back 2

natural speech, continuous, dialects, phonetic identity may change

Front 3

what is coarticulation?

Back 3

overlapping of articulators

Front 4

why coarticulate?

Back 4

save time/ easier, maintain pace, natural sounding

Front 5

what is assimilation? what causes it?

Back 5

phonemes take on characteristics of neighboring sounds, actual phonemes change; result of coariculation

Front 6

what are directions/ types of assimilation?

Back 6

regressive (R to L); progressive
ellision (gimme)
epenthesis (bah-lue)
metathesis- pasghetti
vowel reduction (vowel to schwa; and to n)

Front 7

contrast coarticulation and assimilation.

Back 7

coar. causes assim.; (assim. results from coar.); assimilation= underlying sound change; coarticulation= underlying process explain why this can happen

Front 8

compare coarticulation and assimilation

Back 8

rate of speech; time efficiency of speech; ease of speech

Front 9

anticipatory assimilation/ perseverative assimilation

Back 9

regressive (r to l) = anti; progressive = perservative

Front 10

common elision examples

Back 10

t, th, th(v), d, v, t

Front 11

common epenthesis

Back 11

tense w/ t, lengths w/ k, am"p"sterdam, no-uhn (noon), ch j oose, soder (soda), (other schwas)

Front 12

metathesis

Back 12

"red" to erd, pro to per

Front 13

suprasegmental speech aspects

Back 13

stress, timing, tempo

Front 14

stress (what, types)

Back 14

primary, secondary, un

Front 15

unstressed

Back 15

if nucleus is syllabic, schwa, or schwar

Front 16

content words

Back 16

nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs;usually stressed

Front 17

function words

Back 17

prep, pronouns, conjunctions; usually unstressed

Front 18

3 reasons stress

Back 18

1. level importance, 2. intent, 3. adding new info to conversation

Front 19

intonation

Back 19

modification of voice pitch

Front 20

intonational phrase

Back 20

change in fundamental frequency that spans length of a meaningful utterance (can have 3 in one sentence: "the boys, who ate the candy, got sick.")

Front 21

falling intonational phrases

Back 21

complete statements/ commands; indicate finality; neutral statements; wh- questions

Front 22

rising intonational prases

Back 22

yes/no questions; incomplete thoughts

Front 23

tempo

Back 23

determined by overall speech rate, duration of phonemes, pauses and junctures

Front 24

average

Back 24

5.5 syllables a second

Front 25

duration of individual phonemes

Back 25

diphthongs longest, then vowels, then consonants; open syllables longer; before vl (loose) shorter than before voiced (lose)

Front 26

what to do with yes sam

Back 26

:

Front 27

juncture; types

Back 27

way syllables linked in conversational speech; external- pause btwn intonational phrases; ( i wanted.... but); internal juncture- btwn words in same intonational phrase bc transition came be blurred (I scream; icecream)

Front 28

phonemic context affects speech in four ways

Back 28

indivi. phonemes, how phonemes affect syllable, syllabic structure (open vs closed); each phoneme one the others

Front 29

longest consonant duration

Back 29

glide; liquid

Front 30

shortest consonant duration

Back 30

stops

Front 31

stressed syllables/ unstressed which is longer

Back 31

stressed

Front 32

vowels before voiced consonants longer/ shorter

Back 32

LONGER

Front 33

secondary stress verses unstressed

Back 33

higher pitch; longer duration

Front 34

function words

Back 34

articles, pronouns, preps, conjunctions

Front 35

intonation

Back 35

modification of pitch

Front 36

juncture

Back 36

how syllables and words are linked in speech

Front 37

falling intonation

Back 37

wh- ?'s; declarative, unemotional statements, element of surprise statements

Front 38

rising intonation

Back 38

curious questions; emphatic questions; incomplete thoughts; lists

Front 39

additional resources

Back 39

strong v. weak table words pg 177; Review e and f of ch. 6- primary/ 2ndary stress w/ many syllables; progressive/ regressive assimilation

Front 40

p/r; plural s pronounced as z after voiced phoneme
'dogz", "armz"

Back 40

progressive (devoiced z); g and m influence s

Front 41

p/r can make

Back 41

regressive (becomes more like cam make); moves from alveolar to bilabial

Front 42

p/r past tend -ed becoming t after vl phoneme; "walkt", shoppt

Back 42

progressive; k and p voiceless influence d and make it t

Front 43

p/r rounding for kw of quit

Back 43

regressive; r to left; k is rounded in anticipation of w

Front 44

juncture

Back 44

how syllables and words are linked in speech

Front 45

juncture

Back 45

how syllables and words are linked in speech

Front 46

falling intonation

Back 46

wh- ?'s; declarative, unemotional statements, element of surprise statements

Front 47

falling intonation

Back 47

wh- ?'s; declarative, unemotional statements, element of surprise statements

Front 48

rising intonation

Back 48

curious questions; emphatic questions; incomplete thoughts; lists

Front 49

rising intonation

Back 49

curious questions; emphatic questions; incomplete thoughts; lists

Front 50

additional resources

Back 50

strong v. weak table words pg 177; Review e and f of ch. 6- primary/ 2ndary stress w/ many syllables; progressive/ regressive assimilation

Front 51

additional resources

Back 51

strong v. weak table words pg 177; Review e and f of ch. 6- primary/ 2ndary stress w/ many syllables; progressive/ regressive assimilation

Front 52

p/r; plural s pronounced as z after voiced phoneme
'dogz", "armz"

Back 52

progressive (devoiced z); g and m influence s

Front 53

p/r; plural s pronounced as z after voiced phoneme
'dogz", "armz"

Back 53

progressive (devoiced z); g and m influence s

Front 54

p/r can make

Back 54

regressive (becomes more like cam make); moves from alveolar to bilabial

Front 55

p/r can make

Back 55

regressive (becomes more like cam make); moves from alveolar to bilabial

Front 56

p/r past tend -ed becoming t after vl phoneme; "walkt", shoppt

Back 56

progressive; k and p voiceless influence d and make it t

Front 57

p/r past tend -ed becoming t after vl phoneme; "walkt", shoppt

Back 57

progressive; k and p voiceless influence d and make it t

Front 58

p/r rounding for kw of quit

Back 58

regressive; r to left; k is rounded in anticipation of w

Front 59

p/r rounding for kw of quit

Back 59

regressive; r to left; k is rounded in anticipation of w