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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is homeostasis? |
It is the maintenance of a dynamic state constancy within the internal environment of an organism. |
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Name all 4 different body fluid compartments by decreasing order of total water body volume. |
ICF, ECF(ISF and plasma) |
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What are the 2 minor subcompartments of ECF? What are their approximate body water volumes? |
Transcellular fluid( <1%) and Lymph(1-2%) |
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What is hematocrit? What are the three different "layers" of fluid within a centrifuged sample of blood. |
Hematocrit is the % of RBC's present in the blood relative to the total amount of plasma( and the buffy layer where white blood cells are located as well as platelettes). NORMAL VALUE OF Ht: 45% |
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What are the different proteins located in the plasma region of the blood? (Relative concentration as well) |
Albumin(60%) Globulins(35$) Fibrinogens(5%) |
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What are the 3 MAIN functions of blood? |
1.Transport 2. Acid-Base balance 3. Protective |
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Name the kinds of transport that the blood does. |
Temperature regulation Hormone transport Excretory Nutritive Respiratory |
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Name the kind(s) of Acid-Base regulation that the blood does. |
PH regulation of about 7 |
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How can blood be studied? |
In vivo and in vitro |
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What is the term to indicate that a person has a normal blood volume (5L reference)? |
Normovolemia |
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Characteristics of the cell membrane |
Highly permeable to: H20, Lipid-Soluble substances Dissolved Gases Small uncharged molecules Less permeable to larger molecules and charged particles Impermeable to: Very large molecules |
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What is the cell membrane made of? |
Bimolecular phospholipid Layer. It is amphipatic(oolar and nonpolar ends) |
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Carbs and glycoproteins on outer side of the membrane constitue what exactly? |
Glycocalyx: it's purpose if to protectz immune defense. |
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What are the 6 membrane protein functions? |
1.Transport and diffusuin of specific molecules into/out of the cell 2. Act as enzymes that catalyze membrane associated reactions. 3 Serve as receptors for receiving and transducing chemical signals from the cell environement. 4. Cell surface identity markers. 5. Cell-cell adhesion 6. Attachment to cytoskeleton. |
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Transmembrane Transport Pathways(2 systems) |
Diffusion through phospholipid bilayer. Via interaction with protein cluster(channel or carrier) |
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What are the factors affecting movement across the cell membrane? |
1. Lipid solubility 2. Particle size 3. Electrical size 4. Availability and number of ''carriers'' and ion channels. |
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Differences between passive and active transport: |
P:DIffusion where as Ac: carrier-mediated active transport, primary or secondary. -P: Carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion Ac: Pino/phagocytosis -Osmosis for passive transport P:NO ENERGY REQUIRED AC:ENERGY REQUIRED |
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True or false: Net flux of solute particles always occurs from a region of high conc. to aregion with low conc. |
True. At equilibrium, diffusion fluxes in opposite directions are equal. Net movement = 0 |
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What is Fick's law of diffusion? |
J=PA (Co - Ci) where J: net flux P: Permeability(or diffusion) coefficient: a constant based on the ease with which a molecule moves through a membrane A: Surface area of a membrane Co - Ci : conc. gradient of the diffusing molecule across the membrane |
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What is saturation when talking about mediated-transport? |
rate of transport reaches a maximum when all binding sites on all transporters are occupied. Ex: the seats on a bus are full, no more buses on the road. You're left with saturation. |
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Is competition a characteristic in mediated-transport? |
Yes because it occurs when structurally similar substances compete for the same binding site on a membrane carrier. |
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Factors that determine flux magnitude of mediated-transport systems; |
1.Solute conc. 2. Affinity of transporter for the solute 3.Numbers of transporters 4. Rate of transporter conformational change. |
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Does facilitated diffusion require ATP? |
No, it is a passive type of transport mechanism |
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Can hormones increase the number and/or affinity of transporters in some membranes? |
Yes, ex: Glut-4 transports glucose in muscle that is increased by insulin. |
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Active transport characteristics |
1.Transporter-mediated 2.Needs energy 3. Susceptible to metabolic inhibitors 4. Can transport solute against its conc. gradient |
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Sodium-potassium pump is a primary or secondary type of active transport? |
Primary because there is just a single type of molecule on the carrier at once( despite the inorganic phosphate(s) that bind to the carrier sometimes. |
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Secondary active transport requires energy, what are the 2 types of sec. transport? |
Cotransport(same way) and countertransport(opposing ways) |
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Exocytosis and endocytosis differences: |
A vesicle is formed from the ECF once the molecules come into contact with the membrane. (endocytsosis) Exocytosis starts from a vesicle in the ICF and unleashes the particles into the ECF |
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Pinocytosis characteristics: |
Ingestion of dissolved materials by endocytosis. Cell membrane invaginates and pinches off placing small droplets of fluid in a pinocytic vesicle. |
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Phagocytosis is what? |
Ingestion of solid particles by endocytosis. Cell memb. invaginates and pinches off placing the particle in a phagocytic vacuole(phagosome). The phagocytic vacuole then fuses with lysosomes and the materiel is degraded. |
