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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the difference between a Graded and a Quantal response?
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A graded response is a situation where an individual sees an increased effected with each additional dose. (heart rate, blood pressure, sedation etc.)
A quantal response is one that either happens or does not happen. A measurement provides interpretation of its quantal nature. (alive vs. dead, sleep vs. awake) The graph looks at Frequency of effect, not a magnitude |
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How do you determine Therapeutic Index (TI)?
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Divide the LD50 by the ED50.
(A value less than 2 is found to have a narrow therapeutic index) |
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What is the Certain Safety Factor? (CSF)
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TD1 or LD1 divided by ED99
If CSF is > 1, a dose effective in 99% of the population is less than a dose that would be lethal in 1% of the population TD1/LD1 = the dose of drug at which 1% of the population experiences Toxicity/Lethality ED99 = the dose of drug at which 99% of the population experiences therapeutic effect |
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What is the difference between a pharmacokinetic and a pharmacodynamic drug-drug interaction?
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A pharmacokinetic DDI alters ADME
A pharmacodynamic DDI alters the biochemical or physiological effect of the drug. |
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What are the main types of DDI?
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Additive (1+1 =2)
Synergistic (1+1= more than 2) Antagonism |
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What is Homologous desensitization?
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Feedback inhibition of the activated receptor ONLY
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What is Heterologous desensitization?
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Feedback inhibition of two or more receptors by a common effector
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What is the single most prolific cause of genetic variation?
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)
They can change the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by DNA. They can also alter the non-coding regions and alter transcription and translation |
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How are SNP's classified?
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Based on outcome
Sense - No AA change (this can alter RNA processing however) Missense - AA change Nonsense - Stop codon inserted |
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What is a group of SNPs called?
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A haplotype
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