Pharmacology - General Concepts

Front 1

What is the MOA, pharmacological effect, therapeutic use of alpha-methyldopa?

Back 1

MOA: a2-adrenoreceptor agonist

Pharmacologic effect: suppresses the neuronal activity of the RVLM; RVLM can't stimulate the IMLCC and sympathetic nerve activity goes down

Therapeutic uses: lowers BP via passive dilation of resistance arterioles and suppression of cardiac output

Front 2

What is the MOA and pharmacologic effect of Isoproterenol?

Back 2

MOA: B-adrenoreceptor agonist

Pharm effect: direct stimulation of SA node

Front 3

What is the pharmacologic effect of Hydralazine?

Back 3

Arterial vasodilator. Actively relaxes SM which results in a drop in BP which leads to an increase in heart rate via baroreflex

"Baroreflex Mediated Tachycardia"

Front 4

What is the MOA and pharmacologic effect of Pilocarpine?

Back 4

MOA: Cholinergic agonist

Pharm effect: decreases heart rate by direct binding to cholinergic muscarinic receptors at SA node

Front 5

What is the MOA and pharmacologic effect of Norepinephrine?

Back 5

MOA: constricts resistance arterioles

Pharm effect: baroreflex mediated bradycardia; increase in BP activates baroreflex which leads to decreased heart rate

Front 6

Where are N1 (nicotinic type 1 receptors) found?

Back 6

1. Sympathetic/Parasympathetic Ganglia

2. Adrenal Medulla

Front 7

Where are N2 (nicotinic type 2 receptors) found?

Back 7

MEP (motor end plate) of skeletal muscle innervated by somatic nerves.

Front 8

Where are Muscarinic receptors found?

Back 8

1. Smooth muscle of various organs and glands

2. Heart (SA, AV, atrial muscle)

3. Sweat glands (symp. innervation)

4. Adventitial surface of the blood vessels of the nose and face

5. Prejunctional sites on Parasympathetic neurons (autoreceptor)

6. Prejunctional sites on Sympathetic neurons (heteroreceptors)

7. Surface of vascular endothelial cells

Front 9

Where are alpha-1-adrenoreceptors found?

Back 9

Postjunctional sites on effector organs, tissues, glands innervated by SNS

Front 10

Where are alpha-2-adrenoreceptors found?

Back 10

1. Postjunctional sites on effector organs, tissues, glands innervated by SNS

2. Prejunctional sites on sympathetic neurons (autoreceptors)

3. Prejunctional sites on parasympathetic neurons of SA node, sphincter muscle of iris, and GI tract (heteroreceptors)

Front 11

Where are beta-1-receptors found?

Back 11

1. Postjunctional sites of the cardiac muscle, cardiac conduction tissue

2. Adipocytes

3. JG cells of the renal afferent arteriole

Front 12

Where are beta-2-receptors found?

Back 12

1. Postjunctional sites of the arterioles and venules, bronchioles, uterus, GI tract, liver

2. Prejunctional sites on sympathetic neurons (heteroreceptors)

Front 13

Where are D1 receptors found?

Back 13

Found at vascular SM of the renal afferent arterioles where they cause vasodilation

Front 14

Where are D2 receptors found?

Back 14

Synapses in the CNS
- corpus striatum, hypothalamus, limbic system, area postrema

Front 15

What is the signal transduction mechanism associated with D2 receptors?

Back 15

Inhibition of adenyl cyclase. Increase in K+ conductance.

Front 16

Adrenergic stimulation of an ____ receptor on the radial muscle of the iris causes _______________.

Back 16

1. alpha-1
2. Mydriasis

Front 17

Cholinergic stimulation of a Muscarinic receptor on the sphincter muscle of the Iris causes ___________.

Back 17

Miosis

Front 18

Cholinergic stumlation of a Muscarinic receptor on the Ciliary muscle causes ____________.

Back 18

contraction of the muscle, relaxation of the Zonula fibers, lens becomes rounder (accomodates) for near vision

Front 19

Stimulation of an alpha-1-adrenergic receptor at the Canal of Schlemm will cause?

Back 19

Increased normal outflow of aqueous humor

Front 20

Stimulation of an alpha-2-adrenergic receptor at the Canal of Schlemm will cause?

Back 20

Decreased production of aqueous humor

Front 21

Cholinergic stimulation of a Muscarinic receptor at the Canal of Schlemm will cause?

Back 21

Increased normal outflow of aqueous humor via contraction of the meridional fibers of the ciliary muscle.

Front 22

Stimulation of an alpha receptor in the smooth muscle of the eyelid will cause?

Back 22

Contraction

Front 23

Stimulation of a beta-1 receptor in the atria and ventricles will cause?

Back 23

Increased contractility

Front 24

Stimulation of a Muscarinic receptor in the atria and ventricles will cause?

Back 24

Decreased contractility

(In ventricles--effect is indirect due to Ach activating an heteroreceptor on a prejunctional site of a sympathetic nerve)

Front 25

Stimulation of a beta-1 receptor at the SA node will?

Back 25

Increase heart rate

Front 26

Stimulation of a Muscarinic receptor at the SA node will?

Back 26

Decrease heart rate

Front 27

Stimulation of a beta-1 receptor in the conduction tissue of the Atria will cause?

Back 27

1. Increased conduction velocity
2. Decreased duration of AP
3. Decreased refractory period

Front 28

Stimulation of a Muscarinic receptor in the conduction tissue of the Atria will cause?

Back 28

1. Decrease conduction velocity
2. Decrease duration of AP
3. Decrease refractory period

Front 29

Stimulation of a beta-1 receptor at the AV node will cause?

Back 29

1. Increased conduction velocity
2. Increased automaticity
3. Decreased conduction time
4. Decreased refractory period
5. Decreased duration of AP

Front 30

Stimulation of a Muscarinic receptor at the AV node will cause?

Back 30

1. Decreased conduction velocity
2. Decreased automaticity
3. Increased conduction time
4. Increased refractory period
5. Increased duration of AP

Front 31

Stimulation of a beta-1 receptor in the His-Purkinje system will cause?

Back 31

1. Increased conduction velocity
2. Increased automaticity
3. Decreased conduction time
4. Decreased refractory period
5. Decreased duration of AP

Front 32

Stimulation of a Muscarinic receptor in the his-Purkinje system will cause?

Back 32

Nothing Fool! It's not innervated by parasympathetic nerves.

Front 33

Stimulation of a beta-1 receptor in the ventricles will cause?

Back 33

1. Increased conduction velocity
2. Increased automaticity
3. Decreased conduction time
4. Decreased refractory period
5. Decreased AP dueation

Front 34

Stimulation of a Muscarinic receptor in the ventricles will cause?

Back 34

Decreased SV due to prejunctional inhibition of NE release

Front 35

Stimulation of alpha-1 / alpha-2 receptors on the adventitial surface Arterioles will cause?

Back 35

Vasoconstriction

Front 36

Stimulation of Muscarinic receptors on the adventitial surface of arterioles will cause?

Back 36

Nothing! Not innervated.

Front 37

Stimulation of Muscarinic receptors on the lumenal surface of vascular endothelial cells of arterioles does what?

Back 37

Stimulates the production of NO which relaxes vascular smooth muscle.

Front 38

Stimulation of beta-2 receptors on the lumenal surface of arterioles by circulating epinephrine will cause?

Back 38

Vasodilation

Front 39

Stimulation of alpha-1 / alpha-2 receptors on venules will cause?

Back 39

Vasoconstriction

Front 40

Stimulation of beta-2 receptors on the lumenal surface of venules by circulating epinephrine will cause?

Back 40

Vasodilation

Front 41

Stimulation of beta-2 receptors on Bronchial muscle will cause?

Back 41

Relaxation

Front 42

Stimulation of Muscarinic receptors on Bronchial muscle will cause?

Back 42

Contraction

Front 43

Stimulation of alpha-1 receptors on Bronchial glands will cause?

Back 43

Decreased secretion

Front 44

Stimulation of Muscarinic receptors on Bronchial glands will cause?

Back 44

Increased secretion

Front 45

Stimulation of adrenergic receptors on the esophagus will cause?

Back 45

Nothing! Not innervated

Front 46

Stimulation of Muscarinic receptors on the esophagus will cause?

Back 46

Contraction

Front 47

Stimulation of Muscarinic receptors in the stomach & intestines will cause?

Back 47

1. Increased acid secretion
2. Increased motility and tome
3. Sphincter relaxation
4. Increased secretion

Front 48

Stimulation of _____ adrenergic receptors in the stomach & intestine___________ motility and tone

Back 48

alpha 1 & 2; decreases

Front 49

Adrenergic stimulation of ____ receptors in the stomach and intestines causes ___________ of sphincters

Back 49

alpha-1; contraction

Front 50

Adrenergic stimulation of ____ receptors in the stomach and intestines causes ____________ of secretion.

Back 50

Inhibition

Front 51

Adrenergic stimulation of beta-2 receptors in the Gallbladder causes contraction or relaxation?

Back 51

Relaxation

Front 52

Stimulation of Muscarinic receptors in the Gallbladder and associated ducts causes _____________.

Back 52

Contraction

Front 53

Adrenergic stimulation of ______ receptors on the JG cells in the Kidney causes ______________.

Back 53

beta-1; Renin secretion

Front 54

Adrenergic stimulation of the proximal tubules via ____ receptors causes increased/decreased sodium and water reabsorption.

Back 54

alpha-1; Increased

Front 55

Stimulation of Muscarinic receptors of the Kidney JG cells and Proximal tubules will cause?

Back 55

Nothing --> Not innervated by PNS

Front 56

Stimulation of Adrenergic ____ receptors on Platelets by circulating epinephrine causes ____________ while stimulation of Muscarinic receptors causes __________.

Back 56

Aggregation

Nothing (No receptors present)

Front 57

Adrenergic stimulation of the Detrusor muscle causes ___________ while Cholinergic stimulation causes _____________.

Back 57

Nothing; Contraction

Front 58

Adrenergic stimulation of the Trigone via _____ receptors causes ______________ while Cholinergic stimulation causes ______________

Back 58

alpha-1A; contraction

Relaxation

Front 59

Adrenergic stimulation of the Urethra via ____ receptors causes ____________ while Cholinergic stimulation causes ____________

Back 59

alpha-1; contraction

Relaxation

Front 60

Stimulation of ____ receptors in the Urethra by NE causes ___________ while stimulation of Muscarinic receptors causes ____________

Back 60

alpha-1; contraction

relaxation ?

Front 61

Stimulation of alpha-1 receptors in the prego Uterus causes ___________ while stimulation of beta-2 receptors in the pregnant and non-pregnant Uterus causes ___________.

Back 61

Contraction

Relaxation

Front 62

Erection is caused by what neurotransmitter? What kind of receptor is stimulated?

Back 62

1. NO
2. Muscarinic

Front 63

Stimulation of Muscarinic receptors in the urethral and bulbourethral glands causes?

Back 63

Mucus secretion

Front 64

Adrenergic stimulation of the Vas deferens, ampulla, prostate gland and seminal vesicles via ____ receptors causes?

Back 64

Emission and Ejaculation

"Point & Shoot", parasympathetic points, sympathetic shoots

Front 65

In the female clitoris (or mangina) Muscarinic receptor stimulation results in?

Back 65

Erection

Front 66

Bartholin's Gland secretion is stimulated by activating ____________ receptors.

Back 66

Muscarinic