Pharm Test 4

Front 1

Endotracheal Route

Back 1

naloxone (Narcan), atropine, Versed (midazolam), epinephrine (Adrenalin), lidocaine (Xylocaine)

Front 2

epinephrine, isoproterenol (Isuprel), sodium bicarbonate, Calcium chloride, dopamine (Intropin) and dobutamine (Dobutrex), norepinephrine (Levophed) to maintain blood pressure and heart rate, aspirin torestore coronary blood flow in acute MI

Back 2

Resuscitation and Vasopressors

Front 3

Ipecac syrup, activated charcoal, naloxone (Narcan) and naltrexone (Trexan) are opioid Rc antagonists, flumazenil (Romazicon –block the benzodiazepine Rc, and are used for a benzodiazepine overdose e.g. Valium or Versed overdose), epinephrine (Ana-kit or Epi-Pen) –for anaphylactic shock

Back 3

Overdose or Suicide

Front 4

This is the quickest route for many medications as they are absorbed very quickly from the pulmonary
vasculature into the systemic circulation

Back 4

Endotracheal Administration

Front 5

NAVEL

Back 5

Naloxone, Atropine, Versed (midazolam), epinephrine, lidocaine

Front 6

Drugs for severe dysrhythmias (Ventricular)
•
Ventricular fibrillation

Back 6

lidocaine (Xylocaine)-stabilizes the muscle membrane promoting a return to normal rhythm

Front 7

epinephrine(which is an Americanization of the British-approved name "adrenaline")

Back 7

Drugs for Asystole (complete “flat-line”)

Front 8

is sometime administered to control the excess H+ accumulating in the body

Back 8

NaHCO3

Front 9

calcium chloride (CaCl) is often given to enhance muscle function and stimulate a more forceful myocardial contraction

Back 9

Positive Inotropic Drugs

Front 10

are drugs that constrict blood vessels and stimulate heart rate (i.e. they are α-and β-agonists) –they produce an increase in blood pressure and usually improve blood flow to the tissues of the body
•
dobutamine (Dobutrex)
•
dopamine (Intropin), especially good at restoring renal blood flow
•
epinephrine (…as in “adrenaline rush”)
•
norepinephrine (Levophed), known as noradrenaline outside the USA

Back 10

Vasopressors

Front 11

especially good at restoring renal blood flow

Back 11

dopamine (Intropin)

Front 12

Benzodiazepine (Tranquilizer) Antagonists

Back 12

flumazenil (Romazicon)

Front 13

epinephrine (Primatene Mist -an OTC inhaler), ephedrine (usually an injection or a syrup), isoproterenol (Isuprel), albuterol (Proventil inhaler), salmeterol (Serevent—a long acting inhaler), terbutaline (Brethaire -also used to stop labor)

Back 13

Sympathomimetic Bronchodilators (all have some ϐ2 -agonism)

Front 14

ipratropium (Atrovent) is an atropine like drug, theophylline (Theo-Dur) is a coffee/caffeine/chocolate-like drug

Back 14

Other Types of Bronchodilators

Front 15

Leukotriene Rc Blockers

Back 15

Singulair (montelukast), Accolate (zafirlukast)

Front 16

beclomethasone (Vanceril MDI -”metered dose inhaler”), fluticasone (Flovent MDI), triamcinolone (Azmacort MDI)

Back 16

Inhaled Steroids

Front 17

cromolyn (Intal)

Back 17

Mast Cell Stabilizers

Front 18

isoniazid “INH”, rifampin, ethambutol, streptomycin –“4 Drug Therapy”

Back 18

Anti-TB Antibiotics

Front 19

azithromycin (Zithromax), ciprofloxacin (Cipro), levofloxacin (Levaquin)

Back 19

Anti-Legionnaire’s antibiotics

Front 20

d-tubocurarine, vecuronium (Norcuron)

Back 20

Muscle Paralyzing Agents

Front 21

midazolam (Versed) and diazepam (Valium), propofol (Diprivan) -the white stuff, sufentanil (Sufenta) –a potent opioid agonist

Back 21

Sedation For Ventilated Patients

Front 22

nicotine (Nicorette), bupropion (Zyban, Wellbutrin), varenicline(Chantix)

Back 22

Anti-smoking

Front 23

catacholamines

Anticholinergics

Methylxanthines

Back 23

I Bronchodilators

Front 24

All the drugs in this class stimulate an “adrenergic”receptor of the β2 subtypeof the sympathetic nervous system –hence, “sympathomimetics”)

Back 24

Bronchodilators

Front 25

cause bronchial smooth muscles to relax

Back 25

β2 Rc agonists

Front 26

primarily cause the heart rate to
speed up and the blood vessels
to constrict

Back 26

β1 Rc agonists

Front 27

given by tablet, liquid, nebulizer or powder

Back 27

Bronchodilators

Front 28

epinephrine
ephedrine
isoproterenol (Isuprel);
albuterol (Proventil)

Back 28

Sympathomimetic Bronchodilators

Front 29

theophylline (Theo-Dur) which belongs to a class of coffee/caffeine/chocolate-like drugs called methylxanthines
•
…or, Parasympatholytic drugs like atropine and ipratropium (Atrovent) – the
“vent” means it’s a metered
dose inhaler or MDI

Back 29

Non Sympathomimetic Bronchodilators

Front 30

Singulair (montelukast) by Merck
•
Accolate (zafirlukast) by Zeneca Pharmaceuticals
•
Ultair (pranlukast) by SmithKline Beecham has been approved in Europe and Japan, and is in late stage trials for use in this country

Back 30

leukotriene Rc antagonists

Front 31

beclomethasone (Vanceril MDI)
•
triamcinolone (Azmacort MDI)

Back 31

Corticosteroid

Front 32

cromolyn sodium (Intal)which isgiven as an inhaled powder

Back 32

Mast Cell Stabilizers

Front 33

isoniazid—called “INH”
•
rifampin
•
ethambutol
•
streptomycin

Back 33

Drugs Used to Treat TB

Front 34

Zithromax (azithromycin), which is a
“macrolide”, erythromycin-like
antibiotic
•
Levaquin (levofloxacin), which is a
fluroquinolone Cipro-like antibiotic

Back 34

Drugs to treat legionairres disease

Front 35

d-tubocurarine (a derivative
of curare)
•
vecuronium (Norcuron)

Back 35

Drugs Used in Ventilated Patients

Front 36

has become very
popular because it sedates the patient
and also has good antiemetic properties

Back 36

propofol
(Diprivan),

Front 37

a new nicotine Rc blocker is the biggest thing since nicotine gum for smoking cessation

Back 37

varenicline (Chantix)

Front 38

phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine), oxymetazoline (Afrin Nasal Spray); there are also many different oral preparations of pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) and phenylephrine (Contact, etc. etc.). Note: ephedrine has been banned from most products

Back 38

Decongestants

Front 39

diphenhydramine (Benadryl), brompheniramine (Dimetane), chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton), promethazine (Phenergan)
fexofenadine (Allegra), loratadine (Claritin)

Back 39

Antihistamines

Front 40

beclomethasone (Beconase), triamcinolone (Nasacort),
fluticasone (Flonase), mometasone (Nasonex)

Back 40

Corticosteroids

Front 41

cromolyn (NasalCrom)

Back 41

Mast Cell Stabilizers

Front 42

guaifenesin is the most popular

Back 42

OTC expectorant

Front 43

clotrimazole (Mycelex), nystatin (Mycostatin)

Back 43

Antifungals

Front 44

These “epinephrine-like” drugs act as α-agonist vasoconstrictors
to reduce congestion and to allow improved breathing. They
can be taken by spray or as oral medications.

Back 44

Decongestants

Front 45

Neo-Synephrine Nasal Spray (phenylephrine)

Afrin Nasal Spray (oxymetazoline)

Back 45

Topical preparations

Front 46

Contact (phenylephrine)
•
Sudafed (see link) was Pfizer’s original formulation of pseudoephedrine

Back 46

Oral OTC preparations

Front 47

These drugs block the H1 Rc on cells found in the nose and
Throat.

Back 47

Antihistamines

Front 48

Benadryl (diphenhydramine)
•
Phenergan (promethazine)
•
Chlor-Trimeton (chlorpheniramine)

Back 48

The older, inexpensive “1st generation”α-histamines

Front 49

•
Claritin (loratadine)
•
Zyrtec (cetirizine)
•
Allegra (fexofenadine)

Back 49

“3rdGeneration” α-histamines

Front 50

pen VK
•
amoxicillin
•
Biaxin (clarithromycin), a “macrolide”
erythromycin-like drug
•
ciprofloxacin (Cipro) belong to the fluroquinolone class of antibiotics

Back 50

Oral antibiotics, e.g. for use in strep. throat

Front 51

Bactroban (mupirocin)
•
Neosporin ointment

Back 51

Topical creams and ointments, antibiotics

Front 52

Floxin Otic (ofloxacin)

Back 52

Solutions and suspensions, Antibiotics

Front 53

codeine/morphine are the classic examples, but any opioid will do (see heroin cough syrup add!)
•
hydrocodone (Hycodan) is
used more often these days

Back 53

Narcotic cough suppressants

Front 54

guaifenesin

Back 54

Expectorants

Front 55

triiodothyronine or T3 (Cytomel), tetraiodothyronine, thyroxin or T4, (Synthroid), desiccated thyroid (Armour) is an old preparation made from pig thyroid glands and measured in grains

Back 55

Hypothyroidism

Front 56

propylthiouracil or PTU blocks synthesis of T3 while radioactivesodium iodide 131 destroys or suppresses the thyroid gland depending ondose

Back 56

Hyperthyroidism

Front 57

somatropin (Genotropin) is a hGH (human growth hormone) manufactured by recombinant DNA technology (rDNA)

Back 57

Growth Hormone Deficiency

Front 58

Humulin R

Back 58

Rapid Acting or Regular Insulin

Front 59

Humulin N

Back 59

Intermediate Acting Insulin (also called NPH Insulin)

Front 60

Humulin L

Back 60

Intermediate Acting Insulin (also called Lente Insulin)

Front 61

Humulin U

Back 61

Long Acting Insulin (also called Ultralente Insulin)

Front 62

Humulin 50/50 and Humulin 70/30

Back 62

Combination Regular and Intermediate Acting Insulin:

Front 63

Exubera

Back 63

Inhaled Insulin

Back 64

Oral Antidiabetic

Front 65

Armour (desiccated pig thyroid)

synthetic T3(Cytomel)

synthetic T4(Synthroid)

Back 65

thyroid supplements

Front 66

Too much adrenal hormones results in

Back 66

Cushings disease (Hypercortisolism)

Front 67

is the result of an
autoimmune attack on the endocrine part of the pancreas.

Back 67

Diabetes Mellitus

Front 68

lowers blood sugar most at 2-5 hours and lasts up to 5-8 hours

Back 68

Humulin R

Front 69

start working in 1-3 hours up to 20 hours

Back 69

Humulin N and L

Front 70

injected
once daily and sustains a 24 hour level

Back 70

Humulin U

Front 71

were the first widely used oral hypoglycemic medications. They are insulin secretagogues, triggering insulin release by direct action on the pancreatic beta cells
•
chlorpropamide (Diabinese) is the prototype while glipizide (Glucotrol) is a second-generation agent

Back 71

Sulfonylureas

Front 72

a group of agents that reduce hepatic glucose output and increase uptake of glucose by the periphery, including skeletal muscle
•
metformin (Glucophage)

Back 72

Biguanides