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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Adrenergic Agents (Sympathomimetics)
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Pr - phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)
MOA - Stimualte SNS directly/indirectly PU - nasal congestion, hypotension; mydriasis during Ophth exam. AE - Tachycardia, hyypertension, dysrhythmias, CNS excitation, seizures, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, anorexia. |
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Adrenergic Block Agents
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Pr - prazosin (Minipress)
MOA - inhibit SNS PU - hypertension, dysrhythmias, angina, heart failure, BPH, narrow angle glaucoma AE - orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia |
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Cholinergic Agents (Parasympathomimetics)
Direct Acting |
bethanechol (Urecholine)
MOA - activate PNS directly/indirectly. PU - glaucoma, urinary retention, myasthenia gravis, Alzheimer's AE - profound salivation, increased muscle tone, urinary frequency, bronchoconstriction, bradycardia |
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Cholinergic Blocking Agents
(Anticholinergics) |
Pr - atropine
MOA - inhibit PNS PU - peptic ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, mydriasis and cycloplegia during eye exam, bradycardia, preanesthetic, asthma AE - tachycardia, CNS stimulation, urinary retention, dry mouth, dry eyes, decreased sweating, photophobia |
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Antidepressants - SSRI
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Pr - escitalopram oxalate (Lexapro)
MOA - selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor PU - Anxiety and depression, panic disorders AE - dizziness, nausea, insomnia, somnolence, confusion, seizures OD - symptoms serotonin syndrome |
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Benzodiazepines
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Pr - lorazepam (Ativan)
MOA - potentiates GABA, inhibititory PU - anxiolytic, preanesthetic, status epilepticus AE - amnesia, weakness, disorientation, ataxia, sleep disturbance, BP change, blurred vision, double vision, nausea, vomiting |
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Nonbenzodiazepine, Nonbarbituate CNS Depressants
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Pr - zolpidem (Ambien)
MOA - GABA mediated CNS depression PU - short-term insomnia management AE - daytime sedation, confusion, amnesia, dizziness, depression, nausea, vomiting OD - flumazenil (Romazicon) as benzo receptor antagonist |
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Antidepressants:
TCAs |
Tricyclic Antidepressants
PR - imipramine (Tofranil) MOA - blocks reuptake of Serotonin and norepinephrine PU - clinical depression, intractable pain, anxiety disorders, withdrawal symptoms from ETOH and cocaine. AE - sedation, drowsiness, blurred vision, dry mouth, cardio symptoms such dysrhythmias, heart block, and extreme hypertension OD - activated charcoal, resp cart; *avoid NRE or Serotonin, may produce toxicity |
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Antidepressants:
SSRI |
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor
Pr - Sertraline (Zoloft) MOA - inhibits reuptake of serotonin PU - depression, anxiety, OCD, panic, PMS dysphoric disorder, PTSD, social anxiety AE - agitation, insomnia, headache, dizziness, somnolence, fatigue, seizure, suicidal ideation, mania, hypomania |
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Antidepressants:
MAOIs |
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor
Pr - phenelzine (Nardil) MOA - inhibition of MOA, intensifies NRE PU - depression not responsive to other antidepressants, panic disorder AE - constipation, dry mouth, orthostatic hypotension, insomnia, nausea, loss of appetite OD - seizures, respiratory depression, circulatory collapse, coma |
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Atypical Antidepressants
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Serotonin-norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (SNRIs)
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Drugs for bipolar disorder
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Pr - lithium (Eskalith)
MOA - influences release, synthesis, and reuptake of dopamine, NRE, serotonin PU - stabilization of mood AE - dizziness, fatigue, short-term memory loss, increased urination, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dry mouth, muscular weakness, slight tremors. OD - hemodialysis |
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Drugs for ADHD
CNS stimulants |
Pr - methylphenidate (Ritalin)
MOA - activates reticular activation system--release of NRE, dopamine, serotonin PU - reduced impulsiveness, hyperactivity, disruptive behavior AE - non-ADHD = nervousness, insomnia. ALL = risk for irregular heart beat, high BP, liver toxicity. SCHEDULE II |
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Conventional (Typical) Antipsychotics I
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Phenothiazines
Pr - chlorpromazine (Thorazine) MOA - Strong blockade alpha adrenergic receptors, weak blockade cholinergic receptors PU - relief of schizophrenia, control mania schizoaffective AE - dizziness, drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension, extrapyramidal |
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Conventional (Typical) Antipsychotics II
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Nonphenothiazines
Pr - haloperidol (Haldol) MOA - butyrophenone PU - acute and chronic psychotic disorders, tourette's, children with severe behavior problems AE - Extrapyramidal side effects |
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Atypical Antipsychotics
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Pr - clozapine (Clozaril)
MOA - interferes with binding of dopamine to receptor in limbic system PU - range of psychotic symptoms, i.e. delusions, paranoia, irrational behavior AE - INCREASED BLOOD GLUCOSE, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, constipation, transient fever, salivation, flu-like symptoms, tachycardia |
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Opioid Agonists
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Pr - morphine (Astramorph PF, Duramorph, etc.)
MOA - bind with mu and kappa receptor sites to produce profound analgesia PU - relief of pain after nonnarcotics have failed, preanesthetic medications, relieve shortness of breath, acute chest pain assoc. with MI AE - dysphoria (restlessness, depression, anxiety), hallucinations, nausea, constipation, dizziness, itching sensation OD = severe respiratory distress, cardiac arrest (naloxone = antidote) SCHEDULE II |
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Opioid Antagonists
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Pr - naloxone (Narcan)
MOA - blocks mu and kappa receptors PU - reversal of opioid effects, adjunctive therapy to reverse hyptension caused by septic shock AE - minimal toxicity, reversal of opioid may result in loss of analgesia, increased BP, tremors, hyperventilation, nausea and vomiting, drowsiness |
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Nonopioid Analgesics
-NSAIDs |
Pr - aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA)
MOA - inhibits prostaglandin synthesis involved in pain and inflammation and produces mild to mod relief of fever. PU - anticoagulant, vasodilates peripheral blood vessels AE - severe inflammatory disorders, gastric discomfort and bleeding, increased bleed time |
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Triptans
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Pr - sumatriptan (Imitrex)
MOA - vasoconstriction of cranial arteries (does not affect overall BP) PU - antimigraine AE - dizziness, drowsiness, warming sensation--effects not enough to d/c therapy |
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Drugs for Parkinson's Disease I
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Dopaminergic Agents
Pr - levodopa (Larodopa) MOA - restores dopamine in extrapyramidal areas of brain PU - Parkinson's AE - orthostatic hypotension, uncontrolled/purposeless movements, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting |
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Drugs for Parkinson's Disease II
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Cholinergic Blockers
Pr - benztropine (Cogentin) MOA - blocks excess cholinergic stimulation of neurons (autonomic action) PU - Parkinson's, EPS from antipsychotic pharmacotherapy AE - typical anticholinergic effects, i.e. dry mouth, constipation, tachycardia OD - physostigmine salicylate antidote |
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Drugs for Alzheimer's
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Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
Pr - donepezil (Aricept) MOA - AchE inhibitor that enhances effects of acetylcholine in neurons in cerebral cortex AE - vomiting, diarrhea, darkened urine, insomnia, syncope, depression, headache, irritability, muscle cramps, arthritis, bone fractures, headache, fatigue, chest pain, increased libido, hot flashes, urinary incontinence, dehydration, blurred vision OD - antidote anticholinergics, i.e. atropine |
