Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What does it mean if you say that a cancer cell has a gain of function mutation?
|
The cell is constitutively activated, meaning it proliferates without stimulus.
|
|
|
What does cell immorality mean with regard to tumor cells?
|
Persistent expression of telomerase allows cells to continue replicating endlessly.
|
|
|
Resistance to __ is common to all cancers.
|
Resistance to apoptosis.
|
|
|
Half of cancers show a mutation in __.
|
p53.
|
|
|
This growth factor plays a major role in the sustained angiogenesis of tumors.
|
VEGF.
|
|
|
Define angiogenic switch.
|
Balance of angiogenesis inducers and inhibitors.
|
|
|
How does adhesion change with tumor invasion and metastasis?
|
Cell-cell adhesion decreases while cell-ECM adhesion increases.
|
|
|
Why is it necessary to wait two-three weeks between chemotherapy treatments? Which drug is the exception to this rule?
|
The normal cells need two-three weeks to recover from chemo. Mitomycin C is an exception because normal cells need between six-eight weeks to recover.
|
|
|
What percentage of drugs are carcinomas?
|
80%.
|
|
|
According to the Norton-Simon hypothesis, how should you manage Gompertzian model tumors?
|
Administer chemo frequently without increasing the unitary dose.
|
|
|
__ is the primary treatment for APML.
|
ATRA “all trans-retinoic acid”
|
|
|
This ANPA must be given systemically because it is administered in its inactive parent form.
|
Cyclophosphamide.
|
|
|
Rescue is a means to __ dose intensity. How does it work with multiple myeloma v. AML?
|
Increase dose intensity. MM - autologous bone marrow transplant. AML - induces graft v. leukemia immune response with matched donor bone marrow.
|
|
|
How does ATRA work to treat APML?
|
It decreases resistance to binding between the PML gene and the ARA-alpha receptor in order to increase leukocyte differentiation.
|
|
|
Toxic side effect of cyclophosphamide.
|
Hemorrhagic cystitis.
|
|
|
What is the dose maximum for doxorubicin?
|
400 mg/meter squared.
|
|
|
Main toxicity of doxorubicin.
|
Cardiotoxicity.
|
|
|
If not administered correctly, doxorubicin can act as a __. This is why it must be injected into a __ __.
|
Vesicant. Peripheral vein injection.
|
|
|
Main toxicity of bleomycin.
|
Pulmonary fibrosis.
|
|
|
Derm toxicity caused by doxorubicin.
|
Nail discoloration.
|
|
|
Antimetabolites are __ phase specific.
|
S.
|
|
|
AraC is indicated to treat what three cancers?
|
AML, leukemia, and osteosarcoma.
|
|
|
Gemcitabine is the primary treatment for __ cancer and causes significant __ side effects.
|
Pancreatic cancer. Significant flu-like effects.
|
|
|
These two antimetabolites treat hairy cell leukemia and have an 80% cure rate.
|
2‘deoxycoformycin and 2‘cholorodeoxyadenosine.
|
|
|
What is the neurotoxicity caused by AraC?
|
Cerebellar dysfunction.
|
|
|
This is the antimetabolite that causes hemorrhagic cystitis.
|
Methotrexate.
|
|
|
This vinca alkaloid has toxicity in the liver, GIT, and brain. Patients with compromised __ __ should also be careful using this drug.
|
Vinorelbine. Compromised bone marrow.
|
|
|
Which vinca alkaloid shows extensive plasma protein binding?
|
Vinorelbine.
|
|
|
What is the MOR for vinca alkaloids?
|
Increases p170 = enhanced efflux. Alpha and beta tubulin mutations that decrease vinca binding.
|
|
|
Vincristine causes __ complications.
|
GI.
|
|
|
What is the vinca MOA?
|
Decreased tubulin polymerization and microtubule assembly to arrest cell division.
|
|
|
__ acts in late S and G2 with the same MOR as the vincas. This drug inhibits __.
|
Etoposide. Inhibits topoisomerase II.
|
|
|
How much etoposide is albumin bound?
|
90%.
|
|
|
Describe etoposide metabolism and excretion. This means that patients with __ and __ dysfunction should probably consider another drug.
|
Liver metabolism and urinary excretion.
|
|
|
Etoposide myelosuppression is greater for __ than __.
|
Leukopenia > thrombocytopenia.
|
|
|
How much doxorubicin is plasma protein bound? Describe its metabolism and excretion.
|
75% protein bound. Liver metabolism and urinary excretion.
|
|
|
What does bleomycin require for its cytotoxicity?
|
Iron.
|
|
|
Bleomycin toxicity comes from _.
|
Free radical generation.
|
|
|
Bleomycin MOR.
|
Bleomycin hydrolase, increased dna repair, and altered uptake.
|
|
|
How is carboplastin cleared?
|
Extensive kidney clearance.
|
|
|
__ has greater renal toxicity than cisplastin.
|
Carboplastin.
|
|
|
This drug causes Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia, otoxocity, and peripheral neuropathy.
|
Cisplastin.
|
