Pharm 1002: Medical Terminology

Front 1

Four components of skeletal system

Back 1

1. bones

2. cartilage

3. tendons

4. ligaments

Front 2

Bone makeup of the Skull

Back 2

Frontal bone

Zygomatic bone

Maxilla

Mandible

Parietal bone

Temporal bone

Front 3

Bone makeup of the Pectoral Girdle

Back 3

1. clavicle

2. scapula

Front 4

Bone makeup of the Thoracic cage

Back 4

Sternum

Ribs

Costal Cartilages

Humerus

Front 5

Bone functions:

Back 5

1. Support

2. Portection

3. Movement

4. Blood formation

5. Mineral storage and balance

6. Detoxification

Front 6

Cartilage

Back 6

nonvascular, firm connective tissue found mostly in joints

Front 7

Chiropractic

Back 7

Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mechanical disorders of musculoskeletal system

Front 8

detoxification

Back 8

removal of poison from a tissue or substance

Front 9

ligament

Back 9

band of fibrous tissue connecting two structures

Front 10

muscle

Back 10

tissue consisting of contractile cells

Front 11

tendon

Back 11

fibrous band that connects muscle to bone

Front 12

Factors that affect bone growth

Back 12

1. genes

2. nutrition

3. exercise

4. mineral deposition

5. mineral resporption

6. vitamins

7. hormones

Front 13

cortex

Back 13

outer portion of an organ, such as bone

Front 14

diaphysis

Back 14

shaft of a long bone

Front 15

endosteum

Back 15

membrane of tissue lining the inner cavity of a long bone

Front 16

epiphysis

Back 16

expanded area at the proximal and distal ends of a long bone that provides increased surface area for attachment of ligaments and tendons

Front 17

epiphyseal plate

Back 17

layer of cartilage between epiphysis and metaphysis where bone growth occurs

Front 18

haversian canals

Back 18

vascular canals in bone

Front 19

lacuna

Back 19

small space or cavity within the matrix of bone

Front 20

marrow

Back 20

fatty, blood-forming tissue in the cavities of long bones

Front 21

matrix

Back 21

substance that surrounds cells, is manufactured by cells, and holds them together

Front 22

medulla

Back 22

central portion of a structure surrounded by cortex

Front 23

metaphysis

Back 23

region between the diaphysis and the epiphysis where bone growth occurs

Front 24

osteoblast

Back 24

bone-forming cell

Front 25

osteoclast

Back 25

bone-removing cell

Front 26

osteocyte

Back 26

bone-maintaining cell

Front 27

osteogenesis

Back 27

creation of new bone

Front 28

osteogenic

Back 28

relating to the creating of new bone

Front 29

osteoporosis

Back 29

condition in which the bones become more porous, brittle, fragile and are more likely to fracture

Front 30

periosteum

Back 30

strong membrane surrounding bone

Front 31

trochanter

Back 31

one of two boney prominences near the head of the femur

Front 32

osteoporosis

Back 32

loss of bone density

Front 33

achondroplasia

Back 33

condition with abnormal conversion of cartilage into bone, leading to dwarfism

Front 34

osteogenesis imperfecta

Back 34

inherited condition in which bone formation is incomplete, leading to fragile, easily broken bones

Front 35

osteomalacia

Back 35

soft, flexible bones lacking in calcium

Front 36

osteomyelitis

Back 36

inflammation of bone tissue

Front 37

osteopenia

Back 37

decreased calcification of bone

Front 38

resorption

Back 38

loss of substance, such as bone

Front 39

rickets

Back 39

disease in children due to vitamin D deficiency , producing soft, flexible bones

Front 40

sacroma

Back 40

a malignant tumor originating in connective tissue

Front 41

osteogenic sacroma

Back 41

malignant tumor originating in bone-producing cells

Front 42

Healing a bone fracture

Back 42

1. when bone is fractured, hematoma formeation

2. few days after, osteoblasts move into hematoma (callus)

3. osteoblasts produce cancellous bone that replaces the callus

4. osteoblasts continue to produce bone cells and fuse bone segments together

Front 43

surgical procedures for repairing fractures

Back 43

-plaster and fiberglass casts

-splints

-traction

-external fixators

Front 44

internal fixation

Back 44

- wires

- plates

- rods

- screws

- pins

Front 45

alignment

Back 45

a state of being in the correct position in relation to other structures

Front 46

malunion

Back 46

condition in which two bones of a fracture fail to heal together correctly

Front 47

3 types of joints

Back 47

1. fibrous

2. cartilaginous

3. synovial

Front 48

Fibrous joints

Back 48

a. sutures

b. syndesmosis

c. gomphoses

Front 49

Cartilaginous joints

Back 49

a. synchondroses

b. symphyses

Front 50

Synovial joints

Back 50

contain synovial fluid as a lubricant and allow considerable movement

Front 51

abduction

Back 51

action of moving away from the midline

Front 52

adduction

Back 52

action of moving toward the midline

Front 53

circumduction

Back 53

movement of an extremity in a circular motion

Front 54

coronal plane

Back 54

vertical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions

Front 55

eversion

Back 55

a turning outwards

Front 56

extension

Back 56

when a joint is straightened to increase its angle

Front 57

flexion

Back 57

when a joint is bent to decrease its angle

Front 58

inversion

Back 58

a turning inward

Front 59

prone

Back 59

lying facedown, flat on your belly

Front 60

supine

Back 60

lying face up, flat on your spine

Front 61

arthrocentesis

Back 61

withdrawal of fluid from a joint through a needle

Front 62

arthrodesis

Back 62

fixation or stiffening of a joint by surgery

Front 63

arthrography

Back 63

x-ray of a joint taken after the injection of a contrast medium into the joint

Front 64

bursa

Back 64

closed sac containing synovial fluid

Front 65

deviation

Back 65

a turning aside from a normal course

Front 66

interphalangeal

Back 66

pertaining to the joints between two phalanges

Front 67

esteoarthritis

Back 67

chronic inflammatory disease of the joints with pain and loss of function

Front 68

rheumatoid arthritis

Back 68

disease of connective tissue, with arthritis as a major manifestation

Front 69

ulna

Back 69

medial and larger bone of the forearm

Front 70

voluntary muscle

Back 70

muscle controlled by will

Front 71

functions of skeletal muscle

Back 71

1. movement

2. posture

3. body heat

4. respiration

5. communication

Front 72

fascia

Back 72

sheet of fibrous connective tissue

Front 73

fascicle

Back 73

bundle of muscle fibers

Front 74

hypertrophy

Back 74

increase in size, but not in number of an individual tissue element

Front 75

polymyalgia rheumatica

Back 75

pain in several muscle groups with systemic systems

Front 76

prednisone

Back 76

a synthetic corticosteroid

Front 77

tone

Back 77

tension present in resting muscles

Front 78

duchenne muscular dystrophy

Back 78

a condition with symmetrical weakness and wasting of pelvic, shoulder, and proximal limb muscles

Front 79

fibromyalgia

Back 79

pain in the muscle fibers

Front 80

myoglobin

Back 80

protein of muscle that stores and transports oxygen

Front 81

rhabdomyolysis

Back 81

destruction of muscle to produce myoglobin

Front 82

sprain

Back 82

wrench or tear in a ligament

Front 83

strain

Back 83

overstretch or tear in a muscle or tendon

Front 84

tendinitis

Back 84

inflammation of a tendon

Front 85

tenosynovitis

Back 85

inflammation of a tendon and its surrounding synovial sheath

Front 86

theymectomy

Back 86

surgical removal of the thymus gland

Front 87

axial skeleton

Back 87

1. vertebral colun

2. skull

3. rib cage

Front 88

function of axial skeleton

Back 88

protects the brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs

Front 89

vertebral column

Back 89

26 bones divided into five regions

Front 90

5 regions of vertebral column

Back 90

1. cervical

2. thoracic

3. lumbar

4. lumbar

5. coccyx

Front 91

cervical

Back 91

pertaining to the nexk region

Front 92

coccyx

Back 92

small tailbone at the lowest end of vertebrail column

Front 93

foramen

Back 93

an opening through a structure

Front 94

herniation

Back 94

protrusion of an anatomical strucutre from its normal position

Front 95

intervertebral

Back 95

located between two vertebrae

Front 96

kyphosis

Back 96

normal posterior curve of the thoracic spine that can be exaggerated in disease

Front 97

lordosis

Back 97

exaggerated forward curvature of the lumbar spine

Front 98

lumbar

Back 98

relating to the region in the back and sides between the ribs and pelvis

Front 99

sacrum

Back 99

segment of the vertebral column that forms part of the pelvis

Front 100

scoliosis

Back 100

an abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column

Front 101

spine

Back 101

vertebral column, or a short projection from a bone

Front 102

thorax

Back 102

part of the trunk between the abdomen and neck

Front 103

concha

Back 103

shell-shaped bone on medial wall of nasal cavity

Front 104

cranium

Back 104

upper part of the skull that encloses and protects the brain

Front 105

ethmoid

Back 105

bone that forms the back of the nose and encloses numerous air cells

Front 106

mandible

Back 106

lower jawbone

Front 107

masseter

Back 107

muscle that closes the mouth

Front 108

maxilla

Back 108

upper jawbone, containing right and left maxillary sinuses

Front 109

occipital

Back 109

the back of the skull

Front 110

palatine

Back 110

bone that forms the hard palate and the parts of the nose and orbits

Front 111

parietal

Back 111

two bones forming the sidewalls and roof of the cranium

Front 112

pterygoid

Back 112

two wing-shaped muscles that open and close the mouth

Front 113

sphenoid

Back 113

wedge-shaped bone at the base of the skull

Front 114

temporal

Back 114

bone that forms part of the base base and sides of the skull

Front 115

vomer

Back 115

lower nasal septum

Front 116

zygoma

Back 116

bone that forms the prominence of the cheek

Front 117

rotator cuff muscles

Back 117

1. subscapularis

2. supraspinatus

3. infraspinatus

4. teres minor

Front 118

acromion

Back 118

lateral end of the scapula, extending over the shoulder joint

Front 119

acromioclavicular

Back 119

pertaining to the joint etween the acromion and the clavicle

Front 120

clavicle

Back 120

curved bone that forms the anterior part of the pectoral girdle

Front 121

dislocation

Back 121

the state of being completely out of the joint

Front 122

humerus

Back 122

single bone of the upper arm

Front 123

pectoral

Back 123

pertaining to the chest

Front 124

rotaor cuff

Back 124

part of the capsule of the shoulder joint

Front 125

scapula

Back 125

shoulder blade

Front 126

separation

Back 126

a shoulder separation is a dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint

Front 127

subluxation

Back 127

an incomplete dislocation in which some contact between the joint surfaces remains

Front 128

Two articulations of elbow joint

Back 128

1. hinge joint between humerus and ulna, allows flexion and extension of elbow

2. gliding joint between humerus and radius, allows pronation and supination of the forearm and hand

Front 129

tennis elbow

Back 129

overuse of the elbow joint or poor techniques in playing tennis or golf

Front 130

biceps brachii

Back 130

muscle of upper arm that has two heads or points of origin on the scapula

Front 131

brachialis

Back 131

muscle that lies underneath the biceps and is the strongest flexor of the forearm

Front 132

deltoid

Back 132

large, fan-shaped muscle connecting the scapula and clavicle to the humerus

Front 133

epicondyle

Back 133

projection above the condyle for attachment of a ligament or tendon

Front 134

insertion

Back 134

insertion of a muscle is the attachment of a muscle to a more moveable part of the skeleton, as distinct from the origin

Front 135

latissimus

Back 135

the widest muscle in the back

Front 136

radius

Back 136

forearm bone on the thumb side

Front 137

triceps brachii

Back 137

muscle of the arm that has three heads or points of origin

Front 138

ganglion cysts

Back 138

fluid-filled cysts arising when the synovial tendon sheaths that run over the back of the wrist are irritated or inflamed

Front 139

stenosing tenosynovitis

Back 139

inflammation of the synovial sheaths on the back of the wrist that causes pressure to develop under the retinaculum, producing pain

Front 140

carpal tunnel syndrome

Back 140

inflammation and swelling of tendon sheaths arising from overuse of repetitive movements

Front 141

colles fracture

Back 141

fracture of the distal radius at the wrist

Front 142

3 sets of muscles & tendons (hand movement)

Back 142

1. flexor muscles

2. extensor muscles

3. small muslces that originate and insert on the hand are located within palm and include the interosseous muslces

Front 143

functions of pelvic girdle

Back 143

1. supports axial skeleton

2. transmits the body's weight through to the lower limbs

3. provides attachments for lower limbs

4. protects the internal reproductive organs, urinary bladder, and distal end of large intestine

Front 144

each hip bone is a fusion of what three bones?

Back 144

ilium, ischium, and pubis

Front 145

SI joint strain

Back 145

common cause of lower back pain

Front 146

hip pointer

Back 146

blow to the rim of the pelvis that leads to bruising of bone and surrounding tissues

Front 147

osteoarthritis

Back 147

common in hip as a result of aging, weight bearing and repetitive use of joint

Front 148

Rheumatoid arthritis

Back 148

progress of destroying cartilage and bone

Front 149

avascular necrosis

Back 149

death of bone tissue when the blood supply becomes avascular

Front 150

four bones that make up the knee joint

Back 150

1. lower end of femur

2. flat upper end of tibia

3. patella

4. fibula

Front 151

allograft

Back 151

tissue graft fro another person or cadaver

Front 152

autograft

Back 152

graft using tissue taken from the individual who is receiving the graft

Front 153

avulsion

Back 153

forcible separation or tearing away, often of a tendon from bone

Front 154

chondromalacia

Back 154

softening and degenerating of cartilage

Front 155

debridement

Back 155

removal of injured or necrotic tissue

Front 156

meniscectomy

Back 156

excision of all or part of a meniscus

Front 157

bunion

Back 157

swelling at the base of the big toe

Front 158

calcaneus

Back 158

bone of tarsus that forms the heel

Front 159

fasciitis

Back 159

inflammation of fascia

Front 160

gastrocnemius

Back 160

major muscle in back of lower leg

Front 161

gout

Back 161

painful arthritis of big toe and other joints

Front 162

hallux valgus

Back 162

deviation of big toe toward the lateral side of the foot

Front 163

pes planus

Back 163

flat foot with no plantar arch

Front 164

pott fracture

Back 164

fracture of lower end of fibula, often with fracture of tibial malleolus