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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name 3 things your private applicator certificate allows you to do |
1. Buy and use Restricted Use Pesticides on your own property or that of your employer 2. Apply pesticides to the land of a neighbor without compensation 3. Train workers to satisfy the Worker Protection Standards |
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How long is your certification good for? |
Valid 3 years, expiring Dec 31 of the 3rd year |
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Name 8 minimum standards for certified private applicators |
1. Practical knowledge of pests and their damage 2. Be able to read and understand label 3. Follow label instructions, prepare proper concentrations, and calibrate application equipment 4. Recognize local environmental situations that must be considered during application 5. Recognize poisoning symptoms and protocol for accidents 6. Keep records of both general and restricted use pesticides for 3 yrs 7. Understand and comply with Worker Protection Standards 8. Store pesticides in accordance with state and federal laws and regs |
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Which pesticide applications need to be recorded? |
ALL - general and restricted within 14 days of application and must be maintained 3 years |
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Who administers the WPS regulation? |
EPA |
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What does WPS stand for? |
Worker Protection Standards |
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What is the primary purpose of WPS? |
Reduces risk of pesticide poisonings among agricultural workers and pesticide handlers. |
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What does WPS require owners and employers do? |
To protect employees on farms, forests, nurseries, and greenhouses from exposure to agricultural pesticides |
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When must WPS requirements be followed? |
Whenever Agricultural Use Requirements box on the label of the pesticide and the pesticide is applied on farms, forests, nurseries, or greenhouses |
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Name 6 duties of a pesticide handler |
1. Mix, load, transfer, or apply pesticides 2. Handle open pesticide containers 3. Clean, handle, adjust, or repair pesticide application equipment 4. Enter greenhouses or other enclosed area after an application but before ventilation requirements are met 5. Dispose of pesticides or containers 6. Assist with application of pesticides |
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What duties are performed by agricultural workers |
Tasks related to growing and harvesting plants on farms or in greenhouses, nurseries, or forests. Includes harvesting, pruning, thinning, trellising, weeding. |
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Name 6 ways to best comply with WPS |
1. Pesticide handlers and early entry workers must be 18 yrs old. 2. Post warning signs for all applications with a Restricted Entry Interval (REI) for more than 48 hrs. 3. Provide Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) along with pesticide application information at the central display site. 4. Provide emergency eye wash systems as pesticide mixing and loading sites 5. Provide pesticide safety information (new safety poster) at the central display location and at decontamination sites. 6. Implement application exclusion zones by keeping workers and other people away from the application equipment and treated areas during applications |
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Name 6 facts found on the pesticide label |
1. Distribution 2. Storage 3. Sale 4. Use 5. Disposal 6. Safety measures |
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What term refers to any information printed on, attached to, or accompanying a pesticide, including brochures, leaflets, etc? |
Pesticide label |
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Name the 3 major types of pesticides registrations |
1. Section 3 (Federal label) 2. Section 18 (Emergency Exemption) 3. Section 24(c) (Special Local Needs) |
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What is the most common pesticide registration? |
Section 3 (Federal label) |
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What is FIFRA? |
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act |
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What does Section 18 (Emergency Exemption) registration allow for? |
The sale and use of a registered pesticide product for a specific non-registered purpose during a specified time period. |
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Name 3 conditions for Section 18 Emergency Exemptions |
1. No effective registered pesticides are available 2. No feasible alternative practices are available 3. The situation involves the introduction of a new pest, will present significant risks to human health or the environment, or will cause significant economic loss |
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When Section 18 Emergency Exemption is necessary, who prescribes application rates, safety precautions, etc? |
KY Dept of Agriculture |
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In order to apply a pesticide for a non-registered purpose, what must an applicator have on hand? |
Copy of Section 18 approval |
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Describe the purpose of Section 24(c) (Special Local Needs) |
Allows states to expand or limit the uses of certain registered pesticides within their jurisdictions. |
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True or false: it is acceptable to apply a pesticide that has an SLN registration from other states or regions. |
False - it is illegal |
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What does SLN stand for? |
Special Local Needs (as in Section 24 (c)) |
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Name the first 3 things you should look for on a pesticide label |
1. That the product is registered for your intended use. 2. That there are no restrictions or other conditions that prohibit using this pesticide at the application site. 3. What PPE and special application equipment is needed. |
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What are signal words/symbols and what do they indicate? |
Signal words such as Danger, Warning, or Caution indicate the acute toxicity of the product to humans |
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In what place is Kentucky's hardwood production in the nation? |
3rd |
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Hardwoods comprise over what percent of the marketable timber volume? |
90% |
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Conifers including pines, redcedar, hemlock, and cypress comprise less than what percent of forest resource? |
10% |
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What are chemicals insects use to communicate with each other? |
Pheromones |
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What does IPM stand for? |
Integrated pest management |
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What kind if traps are commonly used to monitor gypsy moths? |
Traps baited with pheromone lures |
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What is the first thing you should do before choosing an insect control method? |
Correctly identify the organism |
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What should be priority when selecting forest pesticides? |
Use ones that cause the least harm to non-target organisms while still achieving management goal |
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What are the most commonly used forest pesticides? |
Herbicides |
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True or false: insecticide applications are RARELY used in general forest management |
True |
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True or false: the use of fungicides are rare |
True |
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What kind of roots does kudzu have? |
Massive tap roots |
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How many kudzu vines can grow from a single crown? |
30 |
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How can you control kudzu long-term? |
Destruction of the extensive root system - any remaining root crowns lead to re-infestation |
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Describe honeysuckle |
Shrubs 6 - 15 feet tall with solid stems |
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How can small infestations of honeysuckle be managed? |
Hand removal of seedlings and small plants |
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How can established stands of honeysuckle be managed? |
By cutting the stems to the ground and painting or spraying stumps with glyphosate |
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Describe multiflora rose |
A thorny perennial shrub with arching stems and leaves with toothed leaflets |
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Why did the US Soil Conservation Service promote multiflora rose in 1930s? |
For use in erosion control and for use as a living fence to confine livestock |
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How does multiflora rose reproduce? |
1. By seed 2. By forming new plants that root from the tips of arching canes that contact the ground |
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The average multiflora rose plant may produce up to how many seeds per year? |
A million |
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What biological process enhances the seed germination of multiflora rose? |
Passage through bird's digestive tract |
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How is multiflora rose effectively killed? |
Frequent, repeated cutting or mowing (3 to 6 times per growing season for 2-4 years) |
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When, from where, and why was winter creeper introduced? |
From Asia in 1907 as an ornamental ground cover |
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Describe winter creeper |
A small shrub growing in Mars along the forest floor to 3 feet in height, or a vine climbing trees |
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Describe the flowers of winter creeper |
Yellow-green with 5 petals |
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How can juvenile winter creeper plants with small root systems be managed? |
Pulled by hand when soil is moist |
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Name the herbicide objective and application methods for timber stand improvement |
Objective: improve growth of desirable trees and create growing space for tree reproduction Methods: Frill girdle, tree injection, hatchet injection, basal application |
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Name the herbicide objective and application methods for site preparation |
Objectives: control existing competing vegetation before planting or seeding or to increase browsing value to create openings for wildlife Methods: foliar spray |
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Name the herbicide objective and application methods for pre-commercial thinning |
Objectives: Control stand density by thinning dense thickets of conifers or hardwoods that have not reached merchantable size
Method: basal bark, tree injection, hatchet injection |
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Name the herbicide objective and application methods for release of planted trees that need special treatment |
Objectives: To control grasses, weeds, or competing vegetation around newly planted Christmas tree or walnut seedlings Method: direct spray |
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Name the herbicide objective and application methods for release of conifers |
Objectives: Low release or high release
Methods: Foliage spray, basal bark, frill girdle, stump treatment, tree injection |
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How is high volume spraying (foliar application) normally done? |
With truck-mounted equipment |
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How is low-volume spraying normally done? (Foliar application) |
With hand-held equipment such as backpack sprayers or low pressure ATV or tractor mounted sprayer |
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Which type of foliar application causes least environmental problems? |
All types of low-volume |
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What is the biggest risk with foliar application? |
Drift and effect on on-target plants |
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At what time of year should foliar sprays be used? |
When leaves are fully expanded and main spring sap flow has slowed (July-fall color change) |
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How are individual stem applications used? |
To apply herbicides directly onto or inside the stems of individual woody plants (trees or shrubs) |
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What size plants are basal bark treatments used on? |
Trees and shrubs less than 6 inches in diameter |
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What type of plants are cut stump treatments used on? |
Hardwood trees and shrubs |
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Name 2 devices that combine the squirt mechanism directly into a specialty-designed hatchet |
1. Hypo-Hatchet 2. Silvaxe |
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When should soil applied pellets be applied? |
After a rain |
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Products applied to the foliage are commonly referred to as |
Post-emergence herbicides |
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What are selective herbicides? |
Kill some kinds of plants but have little or no effect on others |
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Is glyphosate a selective or non-selective herbicide? |
Non-selective (kills all plants) |
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1. What is 2,4-D used for? 2. Selective or non-selective? 3. How does it work? |
1. Control annual and perennial broadleaf weeds. 2. Selective 3. Absorbed through foliage and trans located within the plant where it mimics natural plant hormones |
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1. What is Glyphosate used for? 2. Selective or non-selective? 3. How does it work? |
1. Invasive plants 2. Non-selective 3. Absorbed through foliage and translocated to roots |
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1. What is Hexazinone (Velpar, Pronone) used for? 2. Selective or non-selective? 3. How does it work? |
1. Broadleaf and woody species and grasses for weed control in conifer release 2. Selective 3. Velpar applied to foliage, Pronone applied to soil |
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1. What is Imazapyr (Arsenal, Chopper, Contain) used for? 2. Selective or non-selective? 3. How does it work? |
1. Control annual and perennial grasses, broadleaf weeds, and woody species 2. Non-selective 3. Inhibits enzymes to make amino acids absorbed thru folaige or roots |
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1. What is Metsulfuron (Escort, Ally) used for? 2. Selective or non-selective? 3. How does it work? |
1. Broadleaf weeds and brush on non-cropland 2. Selective 3. Interfering with enzyme which stops cell division in roots and shoots |
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1. What is Piclaloran (Tordon) used for? 2. Selective or non-selective? 3. How does it work? |
1. **RESTRICTED USE for broadleaf weeds and woody plants 2. Selective 3. Active through foliage and roots. **Long persistence in soil. |
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1. What is Triclopyr (Garlon 3) used for? 2. Selective or non-selective? 3. How does it work? |
1. Woody and broadleaf perennial weeds 2. Selective 3. Systemic growth regulator |
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Describe the relationship between clay content of soil and herbicide uptake. |
As clay increases, herbicide available decreases |
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Why does clay content in soil decrease available herbicide? |
Clay is negatively charged and is are herbicides |
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What could be added to clay soils so herbicides can bind to it? |
Organic matter or humus (due to positive charge) |
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Name the 2 environmental factors that have the most influence in the performance of soil-applied herbicides |
1. Rainfall (soil moisture) 2. Temperature |
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Name the 2 environmental factors that have the most influence in the performance of soil-applied herbicides |
1. Rainfall (soil moisture) 2. Temperature |
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Name an insect that carry a fungus with them that grows within their galleries in the tree |
Ambrosia beetles |
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How can bark beetle attacks on trees be reduced? |
Good silviculture practices reduce stress and keep trees growing |
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What is the classic sign of emerald ash borer infestation? |
Distinct S-shaped tunnels |
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True or false: insecticide applications are a practical defense against forest pests |
FALSE. |
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What is a canker? |
Localized dead areas in branches, twigs, or trunk of a tree |
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What is leaf scorch? |
Burning along leaf margin |
