Penny- Fetal Spine And Msk

Front 1

What is achondrogenesis?

Back 1

Rare, lethal condition resulting abnormal development of bones and cartilage.

Front 2

What is achondroplasia?

Back 2

skeletal dysplasia condition causing abnormal bone growth and dwarfism

Front 3

Alpha Feto-protein is produced where?

Back 3

Fetal Yolk sac, fetal liver, fetal GI tract; can be produced by some malignant tumors

Front 4

What is anencephaly?

Back 4

Neural tube defect; Lack of skull or brain tissue (cerebral hemispheres)

Front 5

What does autosomal dominant disorder mean?

Back 5

At least one parent has to be a carrier of the gene of the disease in order for the fetus to inherit the disorder or trait.

Front 6

What is Axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton?

Back 6

Axial includes the cranium and spine.

Appendicular includes the ones of the upper and lower extremities and pelvic girdle.

Front 7

Banana sign means?

Back 7

Think spina bifida. Cerebellum is curved when spina bifida is present.

Front 8

BPD measurement includes and where are the calipers placed?

Back 8

Transverse plane at level of third ventricle, thalamus. Include CSP, falx cerebri

Outer of proximal parietal bone to inner of the distal parietal bone.

Front 9

What is caudal regression syndrome?

Back 9

Absence of sacrum and coccyx.

(Sacral agenesis)

Front 10

What is cephalocele?

Back 10

Protrusion of intracranial contents through defect in the skull.

Front 11

Which part of the brain is responsible for the motor output, sensory perception, equilibrium?

Back 11

Cerebellum

Front 12

What’s the term of closed spina bifida?

Back 12

Spina bifida occulta

Front 13

What is club foot?

Back 13

When the metatarsals and toes lie in the same plane as tibia and fibula.

Front 14

What is colpocephaly?

Back 14

Abnormal lateral ventricle in which there is a small frontal horn and enlarged occipital horn

Front 15

What is encephalocele?

Back 15

Protrusion of the brain tissue through the defect in the skull.

Front 16

What is exencephaly?

Back 16

Form of acrania in which the entire cerebrum is located outside of the skull.

Front 17

What is exencephaly?

Back 17

Form of acrania in which the entire cerebrum is located outside of the skull.

Front 18

Gastroschisis is left sided or right sided?

What is it?

Back 18

Right side; herniation of abdominal contents through a periumbilical abdominal wall defect

Front 19

What is germ cell tumor?

Back 19

Type of neoplasm derived from germ cell of the gonads. May also be found outside the reproductive tract.

Front 20

Benign tumor composed of blood vessels?

Back 20

Hemangioma

Front 21

What is hemivertebra?

Back 21

Anomaly of the spine in which there is absence of all or part of a vertebral body and posterior element.

Front 22

What is heterozygous achondroplasia?

Characterized by?

Back 22

Most common non lethal skeletal dysplasia. Characterized by rhizomelia.

Front 23

What is homozygous achondroplasia?

Back 23

Fatal form of achondroplasia

Front 24

This hormone is produced by trophoblastic cells. Tumor marker for males.

Back 24

HCG

Front 25

What is kyphoscoliosis?

Back 25

Combination of scoliosis and kyphosis in the fetus

Front 26

What is kyphosis?

Back 26

Abnormal posterior curvature of the spine.

Front 27

Lemon sign means?

Back 27

Lemon shaped skull which associates with spina bifida

Front 28

Lemon sign means?

Back 28

Lemon shaped skull which associates with spina bifida

Front 29

What is Limb body wall complex?

Back 29

Group of disorders. Findings include short umbilical cord or absent umbilical cord, ventral wall defect, limb defect, craniofacial defect, scoliosis.

Front 30

What’s a lipoma?

Back 30

Benign fatty tumor

Front 31

What’s the maternal screening consist of?

Back 31

Evaluate maternal levels of AFP, estriol, hCG, to Eval for neural tube defect or chromosomal abnormalities.

Front 32

What’s the maternal screening consist of?

Back 32

Evaluate maternal levels of AFP, estriol, hCG, to Eval for neural tube defect or chromosomal abnormalities.

Front 33

What are meninges?

Back 33

Coverings of the brain and spinal cord.

Front 34

What’s the maternal screening consist of?

Back 34

Evaluate maternal levels of AFP, estriol, hCG, to Eval for neural tube defect or chromosomal abnormalities.

Front 35

What are meninges?

Back 35

Coverings of the brain and spinal cord.

Front 36

Meningocele means?

Back 36

Herniation of the spine or cranial meninges because of an open cranial or spinal defect; contains CSF but not nerve tissue.

Front 37

What’s the maternal screening consist of?

Back 37

Evaluate maternal levels of AFP, estriol, hCG, to Eval for neural tube defect or chromosomal abnormalities.

Front 38

What are meninges?

Back 38

Coverings of the brain and spinal cord.

Front 39

Meningocele means?

Back 39

Herniation of the spine or cranial meninges because of an open cranial or spinal defect; contains CSF but not nerve tissue.

Front 40

What is meningomyelocele?

Back 40

Mass that results from open spina bifida that contains the spinal cord and the meninges. Also referred to as myelomeningocele.

Front 41

What’s the maternal screening consist of?

Back 41

Evaluate maternal levels of AFP, estriol, hCG, to Eval for neural tube defect or chromosomal abnormalities.

Front 42

What are meninges?

Back 42

Coverings of the brain and spinal cord.

Front 43

Meningocele means?

Back 43

Herniation of the spine or cranial meninges because of an open cranial or spinal defect; contains CSF but not nerve tissue.

Front 44

What is meningomyelocele?

Back 44

Mass that results from open spina bifida that contains the spinal cord and the meninges. Also referred to as myelomeningocele.

Front 45

Myelocele means?

Back 45

Mass that results from open spina bifida that contains spinal cord only.

Front 46

What’s the maternal screening consist of?

Back 46

Evaluate maternal levels of AFP, estriol, hCG, to Eval for neural tube defect or chromosomal abnormalities.

Front 47

What are meninges?

Back 47

Coverings of the brain and spinal cord.

Front 48

Meningocele means?

Back 48

Herniation of the spine or cranial meninges because of an open cranial or spinal defect; contains CSF but not nerve tissue.

Front 49

What is meningomyelocele?

Back 49

Mass that results from open spina bifida that contains the spinal cord and the meninges. Also referred to as myelomeningocele.

Front 50

Myelocele means?

Back 50

Mass that results from open spina bifida that contains spinal cord only.

Front 51

What is omphalocele?

Back 51

Anterior abdominal wall defect where there is herniation of the fetal bowel and other abdominal organs into the base of the umbilical cord.

Front 52

What’s the maternal screening consist of?

Back 52

Evaluate maternal levels of AFP, estriol, hCG, to Eval for neural tube defect or chromosomal abnormalities.

Front 53

What are meninges?

Back 53

Coverings of the brain and spinal cord.

Front 54

Meningocele means?

Back 54

Herniation of the spine or cranial meninges because of an open cranial or spinal defect; contains CSF but not nerve tissue.

Front 55

What is meningomyelocele?

Back 55

Mass that results from open spina bifida that contains the spinal cord and the meninges. Also referred to as myelomeningocele.

Front 56

Myelocele means?

Back 56

Mass that results from open spina bifida that contains spinal cord only.

Front 57

What is omphalocele?

Back 57

Anterior abdominal wall defect where there is herniation of the fetal bowel and other abdominal organs into the base of the umbilical cord.

Front 58

Posterior fossa includes?

Back 58

Located near Cerebellum and contains the cistern magna

Front 59

What’s the maternal screening consist of?

Back 59

Evaluate maternal levels of AFP, estriol, hCG, to Eval for neural tube defect or chromosomal abnormalities.

Front 60

What are meninges?

Back 60

Coverings of the brain and spinal cord.

Front 61

Meningocele means?

Back 61

Herniation of the spine or cranial meninges because of an open cranial or spinal defect; contains CSF but not nerve tissue.

Front 62

What is meningomyelocele?

Back 62

Mass that results from open spina bifida that contains the spinal cord and the meninges. Also referred to as myelomeningocele.

Front 63

Myelocele means?

Back 63

Mass that results from open spina bifida that contains spinal cord only.

Front 64

What is omphalocele?

Back 64

Anterior abdominal wall defect where there is herniation of the fetal bowel and other abdominal organs into the base of the umbilical cord.

Front 65

Posterior fossa includes?

Back 65

Located near Cerebellum and contains the cistern magna

Front 66

What is osteogenesis imperfecta?

Back 66

Group of disorders that result in multiple fractures in utero; caused by demineralization and poor ossification of the bones.

Front 67

What is pregestational diabetes?

Back 67

Having diabetes before pregnancy; includes type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Front 68

What is rhizomelia?

Back 68

Shortening of the proximal segment of a limb.

Front 69

What is radial ray defect?

Back 69

Absence or underdevelopment of radius

Front 70

What is a sacral dimple?

Back 70

Opening of the skin over the distal spine.

Front 71

What is scoliosis?

Back 71

Lateral curvature of the spine

Front 72

What is sirenomelia?

Back 72

Fusion of lower extremities;

Renal agenesis and Oligohydramnios May be referred to as mermaid syndrome.

Front 73

What’s the most common form of spina bifida?

Back 73

Spina bifida aperta

Front 74

What is spina bifida occulta?

Back 74

Closed spinal lesion that is completely covered by skin. Difficult to visualize with ultrasound.

Front 75

What is spina bifida occulta?

Back 75

Closed spinal lesion that is completely covered by skin. Difficult to visualize with ultrasound.

Front 76

What does splay mean?

What does synechiae mean?

Back 76

Turned outward.

Adhesions.

Front 77

What is spina bifida occulta?

Back 77

Closed spinal lesion that is completely covered by skin. Difficult to visualize with ultrasound.

Front 78

What does splay mean?

What does synechiae mean?

Back 78

Turned outward.

Adhesions.

Front 79

What does talipes equinovarus mean?

Back 79

Club foot

Front 80

What is spina bifida occulta?

Back 80

Closed spinal lesion that is completely covered by skin. Difficult to visualize with ultrasound.

Front 81

What does splay mean?

What does synechiae mean?

Back 81

Turned outward.

Adhesions.

Front 82

What does talipes equinovarus mean?

Back 82

Club foot

Front 83

What does spinal dysraphism mean?

Back 83

Group of neural tube defects that describe some manifestation of incomplete closure of the spine.

Front 84

What’s the most common lethal skeletal dysplasia?

Back 84

Thanatotrophic dysplasia

Front 85

What is trident hand?

Back 85

Wide separation between the fourth and third finger.

(Middle and ring finger)

Front 86

What is trident hand?

Back 86

Wide separation between the fourth and third finger.

(Middle and ring finger)

Front 87

Cloverleaf skull, frontal bossing, hydrocephalus. This is?

Back 87

Thanatotrophic dysplasia

Front 88

Triple screen consists of?

Back 88

HCG, estriol and AFP

Front 89

What is VACTERL association?

Back 89

Vertebral anomalies, Anal atresia, cardiac anomalies, tracheoesophageal fistula, renal anomalies, limb anomalies.

(VATER Association)

Front 90

Axial skeleton begins to form?

Back 90

Between 6-8 gestational weeks

Front 91

Each fetal vertebrae has how many ossifications, detail?

Back 91

3; one centrum and two neural processes.

Front 92

What are the most common neural tube defects?

Back 92

Anencephaly and spina bifida

Front 93

MSAFP is not only elevated with spina bifida. What else?

Back 93

Gastroschisis, omphalocele, multiple gestation, anencephaly, fetal death.

In second trimester, LBWC (opening in the ventral wall) will alter the MSAFP in elevating.

Front 94

Spina bifida May be also referred to as what terms?

Back 94

Spinal dysraphism, meningomyelocele (myelomeningocele), meningocele.

Front 95

Spina bifida occulta is hard to identify in utero, what findings are suspected in postnatal period?

Back 95

Hemangioma, lipoma, tuft hair, sacral dimple directly over distal spine.

Front 96

Spina bifida will have intracranial anatomy altered, whereas __________________ doesn’t?

Back 96

Spina bifida occulta and sacrococcygeal Teratoma does not have intracranial anatomy altered.

Front 97

Labs were taken on OB patient. MSAFP were elevated. Sono findings include: hydrocephalus, colpocephaly, Lemon shapes skull, obliterated CM, cystic mass protruding from the spine, and splaying on the laminate in area of defect. Suspect?

Back 97

Spina Bifida Aperta

Front 98

What are the most common sono findings with LBWC?

Back 98

Short or absent umbilical cord, craniofacial defects (encephalocele or exencephaly), ventral wall defects, limb defects, scoliosis.

Front 99

What are the four most common skeletal dysplasias?

Back 99

Thanatotrophic Dysplasia, achondrogenesis, homozygous achondroplasia, osteogenesis imperfecta.

Front 100

How is rhizomelia detected?

Back 100

Difference in gestational age measurements between the BPD and femur length. (Typically in mid to late second trimester).

Front 101

This dx occurs when both parents are dwarfs.

Finding: micromelia, macrocrania, frontal bossing, flattened nasal bridge, trident hand.

Back 101

Homozygous achondroplasia

Front 102

Trident hand is often associated with?

Back 102

Achondroplasia

Front 103

What is the most common non- lethal skeletal dysplasia?

Back 103

Heterozygous achondroplasia

Front 104

In utero finding includes multiple fractures, demineralization of the skull and bell shaped chest.

Back 104

Osteogenesis imperfecta (brittle bone disease)

Front 105

In utero finding includes multiple fractures, demineralization of the skull and bell shaped chest.

Back 105

Osteogenesis imperfecta (brittle bone disease)

Front 106

Finding includes Narrow chest and distended abdomen. Large skull, absent mineralization of the skull, spine, pelvis, limbs. Severely shortened limbs and polyhydramnios. Suspect?

Back 106

Achondrogenesis

Front 107

In utero finding includes multiple fractures, demineralization of the skull and bell shaped chest.

Back 107

Osteogenesis imperfecta (brittle bone disease)

Front 108

Finding includes Narrow chest and distended abdomen. Large skull, absent mineralization of the skull, spine, pelvis, limbs. Severely shortened limbs and polyhydramnios. Suspect?

Back 108

Achondrogenesis

Front 109

The finding in OB is a telephone receiver shaped long bones, hydrocephalus, depressed nasal bridge, polyhydramnios, thoracic and abdominal circumference are remarkably dissimilar. Narrow thorax.

Back 109

Thanatophoric dysplasia

Front 110

What’s the strong association with causal regression syndrome?

What’s another sonographic finding for CRS?

Back 110

Pregestational diabetes

Possible clubfoot

Front 111

This finding in utero is found frequently in females. Most common congenital neoplasm. Complex or solid mass posterior and inferior from distal fetal spine.

Back 111

Sacrococcygeal Teratoma

Front 112

This finding in utero is found frequently in females. Most common congenital neoplasm. Complex or solid mass posterior and inferior from distal fetal spine.

Back 112

Sacrococcygeal Teratoma

Front 113

Sacrococcygeal Teratoma have been associated with?

Back 113

Hydrops and may lead to high output congestive heart failure.

Front 114

Shortening of a limb is made when long bones measure more than?

Back 114

Four standard deviations below the norm for gestational age.

Front 115

Shortening of a limb is made when long bones measure more than?

Back 115

Four standard deviations below the norm for gestational age.

Front 116

What does acromelia mean??

Back 116

Shortening of the distal segment of the limb.

Front 117

Arthrogryposis means?

Back 117

Limitation of fetal limb motion as a result of Joint contractures; most often affecting the hands and feet.

Front 118

Clinodactyly means?

Back 118

Deviation of a finger (absence of the middle fifth phalanx)

Front 119

Clinodactyly means?

Back 119

Deviation of a finger (absence of the middle fifth phalanx)

Front 120

Mesomelia means?

Back 120

Shortening of the middle segment of the limb

Front 121

Micromelia means?

Back 121

Shortening of entire limb

Front 122

Phocomelia means?

Back 122

Absent long bones with the hands and feet arising from the shoulders and hips.

Front 123

Rocker bottom foot means?

Back 123

Abnormal curved shaped of the sole of the foot

Front 124

Sandal gap means?

Back 124

Exaggerative distance between first and second toe.

Front 125

Syndactyly means?

Back 125

Fusion of digits (webbed toes)

Front 126

Radial ray defect has a link with what anomaly?

Back 126

Cardiac abnormalities. Link with VACTERL association.

Front 127

Uterine synechiae and amniotic band syndrome are seen in sono as thin, linear bands, however synechiae is different how?

Back 127

Has a broad base crossing the amniotic sac.

Front 128

All of the following are sign of Arnold Chiari II malformation except:

A. S shaped spine

B. Banana sign

C. Lemon sign

D. Colpocephaly

Back 128

A. S- shaped sign