Pelvis 1

Front 1

3 functions of pelvic girdle

Back 1

transfer weight from upper to lower body, protect reproductive organs, protect neurovascular structures.

Front 2

where do the two hip bones unite?

Back 2

pubic symphysis

Front 3

what is the extremely strong joint where the sacrum articulates with the hip bones?

Back 3

sacroiliac joint

Front 4

What three bones make up the hip bone?

Back 4

Ilium, Ischium, Pubis.

Front 5

By what age do the three hip bones fuse?

Back 5

20-25 years old

Front 6

Where is the site of fusion between the three hipbones?

Back 6

acetabulum- large cup-shaped socket where femur articulates.

Front 7

Location of ilium?

Back 7

forms superior portion of hip bone.

Front 8

Location of ischium?

Back 8

inferior portion of hip bone

Front 9

location of pubis?

Back 9

anterior portion of hip bone

Front 10

what structures form the obturator foramen?

Back 10

the ischium and pubis.

Front 11

what is the important obstetrical landmark of the sacrum?

Back 11

sacral promontory

Front 12

what is the sacral promontory?

Back 12

anterior superior aspect of the sacrum

Front 13

How many pairs of ventral foramina are there in the sacrum?

Back 13

4

Front 14

Where on the hip bone do the abdominal muscles attach?

Back 14

Iliac crest

Front 15

what are "hip pointers"?

Back 15

painful bruises on the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

Front 16

where does the iliacus muscle attach?

Back 16

the Iliac fossa

Front 17

what is the iliac fossa

Back 17

depression on the anterior surface of the ilium

Front 18

median sacral crest

Back 18

the fused spinous processes of the sacral vertebrae.

Front 19

sacral cornua

Back 19

the small inferior articular processes of the S5 vertebra

Front 20

what sacral landmark is important for epidural blocks in the sacral canal?

Back 20

sacral cornua

Front 21

what two things attach to the ischial tuberosity?

Back 21

hamstring muscles and the sacrotuberous ligament.

Front 22

what do we sit on?

Back 22

ischial tuberosities

Front 23

what is the ischial spine?

Back 23

pointed triangular eminence projecting posteromedially from the ischium.

Front 24

what separates the greater and lesser sciatic notches?

Back 24

ischial spine

Front 25

greater sciatic notch

Back 25

notch ABOVE the ischial spine

Front 26

lesser sciatic notch

Back 26

notch BELOW the ischial spine

Front 27

ischiopubic ramus

Back 27

form the pubic arch.

Front 28

what happens to the pelvic bones in the latter months of pregnancy? what hormone induces this?

Back 28

both the sacroiliac joints and pubic symphysis loosen. Relaxin induces this loosening.

Front 29

what four ligaments strengthen the sacroiliac joint?

Back 29

dorsal and ventral sacroiliac joints, iliolumbar ligaments, and interosseous ligament.

Front 30

where does the iliolumbar ligament run?

Back 30

from the transverse processes of L4 and L5 anteriorly to iliac crest and base of the sacrum.

Front 31

where is the interosseus ligament?

Back 31

deep to the dorsal sacroiliac ligament.

Front 32

where does the sacrotuberous ligament run?

Back 32

lateral margins of sacrum to ischial tuberosity

Front 33

where does the sacrospinous ligament run?

Back 33

lateral sacrum and coccyx to the ischial spine.

Front 34

what forms the greater and lesser sciatic foramina?

Back 34

the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments, and also the sciatic notches.

Front 35

what are fractures of the bony pelvic ring almost always?

Back 35

Either multiple fractures or fractures combined with a joint dislocation.

Front 36

what are the 3 weak areas of the bony pelvis?

Back 36

pubic rami, acetabulum area, or the iliac fossa regions.

Front 37

what do pelvic fractures typically injure?

Back 37

underlying blood vessels, nerves, and organs.

Front 38

what is a straddle injury?

Back 38

fracture of all four pubic rami

Front 39

differences in the male pelvis from female?

Back 39

taller, narrower, and heavier

Front 40

what shape is the male pelvic inlet?

Back 40

heart-shaped

Front 41

what shape is the female pelvic inlet?

Back 41

oval or round

Front 42

are the pelvic organs retroperitoneal?

Back 42

yes

Front 43

vesicouterine pouch

Back 43

space between bladder and uterus

Front 44

what is the spatial relation of the peritoneum to the pelvic organs?

Back 44

it drapes over the pelvic organs

Front 45

rectouterine pouch

Back 45

space between rectum and uterus

Front 46

what are the three parts of the broad ligament of the uterus?

Back 46

mesosalpinx, mesovarium, and mesometrium

Front 47

mesovarium

Back 47

fold of peritoneum that connects anterior ovary with posterior layer of broad ligament.

Front 48

mesosalpinx

Back 48

fold of the broad ligament that holds the fallopian (uterine) tube

Front 49

mesometrium

Back 49

large part of the broad ligament below the mesosalpinx and mesovarium

Front 50

what does the round ligament of the uterus do?

Back 50

holds uterus anteverted and anteflexed

Front 51

ovarian ligament

Back 51

cord that extends from ovary to uterus

Front 52

suspensory ligament of the ovary. where does it run and what does it transmit?

Back 52

band of peritoneum that extends from ovary to pelvic wall. transmits ovarian artery and vein with nerves and lymphatics.

Front 53

rectouterine fold

Back 53

holds cervix back and upward. contains uterosacral ligament.

Front 54

other names for the lateral cervical ligament of the uterus?

Back 54

1. transverse cervical ligament.
2. cardinal ligament.
3. Mackenrodt's ligament

Front 55

what does the cardinal ligament of the uterus contain?

Back 55

smooth muscle, uterine vessels, and nerves.

Front 56

what is the ovary drained by?

Back 56

ovarian vein

Front 57

where does fertilization usually occur?

Back 57

infundibulum or ampulla

Front 58

five parts of the uterine tube from proximal to distal

Back 58

uterine part, isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum, and fimbriae

Front 59

Three variations in uterine position? which is the most severe?

Back 59

retroflexion, retrocession, anteflexion. anteflexion is the most severe.

Front 60

what is the uterus supported by?

Back 60

pelvic diaphragm, urethral sphincter, muscle, and ligaments.

Front 61

which 6 ligaments support the uterus?

Back 61

round, broad, lateral (cardinal), pubocervical, sacrocervical, rectouterine ligaments.

Front 62

what is the levator ani a muscle of?

Back 62

the pelvic diaphragm

Front 63

what primarily supplies blood to the uterus?

Back 63

mainly the uterine artery and a little by the ovarian artery.

Front 64

what are the upper right and left spaces of the vagina?

Back 64

fornix (means brothel)

Front 65

what are the four parts of the uterus?

Back 65

cervix, isthmus, body, fundus

Front 66

what are the three parts of the cervix?

Back 66

external os, cervical canal, internal os

Front 67

What is Sampson's artery. What is its clinical significance?

Back 67

anastomosis of the uterine artery and ovarian artery at the round ligament of the uterus. it bleeds tremendously during hysterectomy.

Front 68

what is the entrance to the vagina called?

Back 68

vestibule

Front 69

what does the levator ani help support?

Back 69

the vagina

Front 70

what does the vagina receive blood from?

Back 70

vaginal branches of uterine artery, vaginal artery of the internal iliac artery.

Front 71

what do the internal iliac nodes drain?

Back 71

lymph from internal structures around the vagina.

Front 72

what do the superficial inguinal nodes drain?

Back 72

lymph from external structures around the vagina.

Front 73

what do men have instead of a rectouterine pouch?

Back 73

rectovesical pouch

Front 74

what are the four arteries of the rectum?

Back 74

median sacral artery, superior rectal artery, middle rectal artery, inferior rectal artery

Front 75

where does the superior rectal artery branch from?

Back 75

inferior mesenteric artery

Front 76

where does the middle rectal artery branch from?

Back 76

anterior division of the internal iliac artery

Front 77

where does the inferior rectal artery branch from?

Back 77

internal pudendal artery

Front 78

what does the median sacral artery branch from?

Back 78

aorta

Front 79

what three veins drain the rectum?

Back 79

superior rectal vein, middle rectal vein, inferior rectal vein.

Front 80

where does the superior rectal vein go to?

Back 80

portal venous system

Front 81

where do the middle and inferior rectal veins go to?

Back 81

vena cava

Front 82

where are the feces stored in the rectum?

Back 82

ampulla

Front 83

what is the proximal 1/3 of the rectum covered by?

Back 83

peritoneum on anterior, left, and right sides

Front 84

what is the middle 1/3 of the rectum covered by?

Back 84

peritoneum on anterior side

Front 85

is the distal 1/3 rectum covered by the peritoneum?

Back 85

no

Front 86

what is the dividing line between classification of internal and external hemorrhoids?

Back 86

the pectinate line

Front 87

what type of sensory innervation is the anal canal?

Back 87

above pectinate line- visceral sensory (less sensitive).
below pectinate line- general sensory (more sensitive)

Front 88

where does the anal canal below the pectinate line drain to? above?

Back 88

below pectinate line- caval system.
above pectinate line- portal system

Front 89

what type of tissue is the anal canal above and below the pectinate line?

Back 89

mucous membrane above, skin below

Front 90

what does the anal sphincter consist of? what type are they?

Back 90

internal sphincter (smooth muscle), and external sphincter (skeletal muscle)

Front 91

spatial relationship between vas deferens and ureters

Back 91

ureters pass posterior and inferior to the vas deferens

Front 92

what is sometimes accidentally clamped during hysterectomies?

Back 92

the ureters.

Front 93

what is the trigone

Back 93

triangle bounded by the two ureteric orifices and the internal urethral orifice.

Front 94

detrusor muscle

Back 94

smooth muscle that forms the bladder.

Front 95

where do the testes form and descend?

Back 95

they develop retroperitoneally and descend to the scrotum retroperitoneally.

Front 96

what delicate tubules carry sperm to the efferent ductules?

Back 96

rete testis

Front 97

what is the lymph drainage of the scrotum?

Back 97

superficial inguinal nodes

Front 98

what is the lymph drainage of the testes?

Back 98

drain into lymph vessels that ascend with the testicular vessels and drain into lumbar nodes

Front 99

function of the epididymis

Back 99

maturation and storage of sperm in the head and body, propulsion of sperm in to vas deferens.

Front 100

does the vas deferens enter the inguinal ring medial or lateral to the inferior epigastric artery?

Back 100

latera

Front 101

what are the seminal vesicles and what do they do?

Back 101

glandular diverticula of the vas deferens. they lie inferior and lateral to the ampulla of the deferens. they produce the alkaline substance in semen.

Front 102

where is the prostate located

Back 102

neck of the bladder

Front 103

important structures in the prostatic urethra?

Back 103

ejaculatory ducts, prostatic ducts, and prostatic utricle (analgous to uterus and vagina).