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120 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Medications/drugs |
Agents used in the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of disease |
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Six rights of drug administration |
- Right person |
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Body substance isolation (BSI) |
Measures to decrease your risk of exposure to blood and body fluids |
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Asepsis |
A condition free of pathogens |
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Local |
Limited to one area of the body |
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Systemic |
Throughout the body |
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Sterile |
Free of all forms of life |
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Medically clean |
Careful handling to prevent contamination |
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Disinfectant |
Cleaning agent that is toxic to living tissue |
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Antiseptic |
Cleansing agent that is not toxic to living tissue |
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Needle handling precautions |
- Minimize tasks in a moving ambulance |
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Sharps container |
Rigid, puncture-resistant container clearly marked as a biohazard |
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Routes of drug administration |
- Percutaneous |
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Topical medications |
Material applied to and absorbed through the skin or mucous membranes |
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Percutaneous Routes |
- Transdermal |
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Transdermal |
Absorbed through the skin |
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Mucous membrane medication sites |
- Tongue |
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Sublingual |
Beneath the tongue |
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Buccal |
Between the cheek and gums |
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Ocular medication |
Drug administered through the mucous membranes of the eye |
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Nasal medication |
Drug administered through the mucous membranes of the nose |
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Aural medication |
Drug administered through the mucous membranes of the ear and ear canal |
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Inhalation |
Drawing of medication into the lungs along with air during breathing |
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Injection |
Placement of medication in or under the skin with a needle and syringe |
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Pulmonary medication mechanisms |
- Nebulizer |
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Nebulizer |
Inhalation aid that disperses liquid into aerosol spray or mist |
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Metered dose inhaler |
Handheld device that produces a medicated spray for inhalation |
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Endotracheal medications |
- Lidocaine |
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Enteral drug administration |
Through the gastrointestinal tract |
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Enteral routes |
- Oral |
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Hepatic alteration |
Change in a medication's chemical composition that occurs in the liver |
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Suppository |
Medication packaged in a soft, pliable form for insertion into the rectum |
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Enema |
A liquid bolus of medication that is injected into the rectum |
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Bolus |
Concentrated mass of medication |
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Parenteral |
Outside of the gastrointestinal tract |
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Syringe |
Plastic tube which liquid medications can be drawn up, stored, and injected |
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Hypodermic needle |
Hollow metal tube used with the syringe to administer medications |
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Gauge |
The size of a needle's diameter |
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Ampule |
Breakable glass vessel containing liquid medication |
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Vial |
Plastic or glass container with a self-sealing rubber top |
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Nonconstituted drug vial/Mix-o-Vial |
Vial with two containers, one holding a powdered medication and the other holding a liquid mixing solution |
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Prefilled/preloaded syringe |
Syringe packaged in a tamperproof container with the medication already in the barrel |
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Medicated solution |
Parenteral medication packaged in an IV bag and administered as an IV infusion |
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Infusion |
Liquid medication delivered through a vein |
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Pareneral routes |
- Intradermal injection |
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Intradermal |
Within the dermal layer of the skin |
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Subcutaneous |
The layer of loose connective tissue between the skin and the muscle |
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Intramuscular |
Within the muscle |
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Intramuscular injection sites |
- Deltoid |
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Intravenous (IV) access |
Surgical puncture of a vein to deliver medication or withdraw blood. Also called cannulation. |
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Peripheral venous access |
Surgical puncture of a vein in the arm, leg, or neck |
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Central venous access |
Surgical puncture of the internal jugular, subclavian, or femoral vein |
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Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) |
Line threaded into the central circulation via a peripheral site |
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Intravenous fluid |
Chemically prepared solution tailored to the body's specific needs |
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Colloid |
Intravenous solutions containing large proteins that cannot pass through capillary membranes |
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Crystalloid |
Intravenous solutions that contain electrolytes but lack the larger proteins associated with colloids |
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Indications for intravenous access |
- Fluid and blood replacement |
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Crystalloid Classes |
- Isotonic |
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Isotonic |
State in which solutions on opposite sides of a semipermeable membrane are in equal concentration |
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Hypertonic |
State in which a solution has a higher solute concentration on one side of a semipermeable membrane than on the other side |
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Hypotonic |
State in which a solution has a lower solute concentration on one side fo a semipermeable membrane than on the other side |
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Administration tubing |
Flexible, clear plastic tubing that connects the solution bag to the IV cannula |
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Cannula |
Hollow needle used to puncture a vein |
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Microdrip tubing |
Administration tubing that delivers a relatively large amount of fluid |
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Macrodrip tubing |
Administration tubing that delivers a relatively large amount of fluid |
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Spike |
Sharp-pointed device inserted into the IV solution bag's administration set port |
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Drip chamber |
Clear plastic chamber that allows visualization of the dip rate |
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Drip rate |
Pace at which the fluid moves from the bag into the patient |
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Drop former |
Device that regulates the size of drops |
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gtts |
Drops (Latin guttae, drops [gutta, drop]) |
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Microdrip (gtts amount per mL) |
60 gtts |
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Macrodrip (gtts amount per mL) |
10 gtts |
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Medication injection port |
Self-sealing membrane into which a hypodermic needle is inserted for drug administration |
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Needle adapter |
Rapid plastic device specifically constructed to fit into the hub of a intravenous cannula |
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Extension tubing |
IV tubing used to extend a macrodrip or microdrip setup |
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Measured volume administration set |
IV setup that delivers specific volumes of fluid |
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Burette chamber |
Calibrated chamber of Berutrol IV administration tubing that enables precise measurement and delivery of fluids and medicated solutions |
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Blood tubing |
Administration tubing that contains a filter to prevent clots or other debris from entering the patient |
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Over-the needle catheter/angiocatheter |
semiflexible catheter enclosing a sharp metal stylet |
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Hollow-needle catheter |
Stylet that does not have a Teflon tube but is itself inserted into the vein and secured there |
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Catheter inserted through the needle/intracatheter |
Teflon catheter inserted through a large metal stylet |
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Venous constricting band |
Flat rubber band used to impede venous return and make veins easier to see |
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IV troubleshooting |
- Consticting band still in place? |
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Extravasation |
Leakage of fluid or medication from the blood vessel that is commonly found with infiltration |
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IV access complications |
- Pain |
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Pyrogen |
Foreign protein capable of producing fever |
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Embolus |
Foreign particle in the blood |
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Circulatory overload |
An excess in intravascular fluid volume |
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Thrombophlebitis |
Inflammation of the vein |
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Thrombus |
Blood clot |
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Air embolism |
Air in the vein |
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Necrosis |
The sloughing off of dead tissue |
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Anticoagulant |
Drug that inhibits blood clotting |
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Heparin lock |
Peripheral IV cannula wit a distal medication port used for intermittent fluid or medication infusions. Flushes of heparin solution, which inhibit blood coagulation, are used to maintain patency of the device |
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Saline lock |
Peripheral IV cannula with a distal medication port used for intermittent fluid or medication infusions. Saline is injected into the device to maintain its patency. |
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Venous access device |
Surgically implanted port that permits repeated access to central venous circulation |
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Huber needle |
Needle that has an opening on the side of the shaft instead of the tip |
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Infusion controller |
Gravity-flow device that regulates fluid's passage through an electromechanical pump |
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Extravascular |
Outside the vein |
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Infusion pump |
Device that delivers fluids and medications under positive pressure |
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Blood tube |
Glass container with color-coded, self-sealing rubber top |
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Vacutainer |
Device that holds blood tubes |
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Luer sampling needle |
Long, exposed needle that screws into the vacutainer and is inserted directly into the vein |
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Hemoconcentration |
Elevated numbers of red and white blood cells |
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Hemolysis |
The destruction of red blood cells |
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Intraosseous |
Within the bone |
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Trocar |
A sharp, pointed instrument |
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Intraosseous access complications |
- Fracture |
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Contraindications to intraosseous placement |
- Fracture to the tibia or femur on the side of access |
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Fundamental metric units |
- Grams - mass |
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Unit |
Predetermined amount of medication or fluid |
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Stock solution |
Standard concentration of routinely used medications |
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Desired dose |
Specific quantity of medication needed |
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Concentration |
Weight per volume |
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Dosage on hand |
The amount of drug available in a solution |
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Volume on hand |
The available amount of solution containing a medication |
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Volume to be administered = ? |
Volume on hand (desired dose) / dosage on hand |
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Infusion rate |
Speed at which a medication is delivered intravenously |
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Drops per minute = ? |
(Ordered mL per hour x drip set factor) / 60 minutes |
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Dopamine formula |
(mcg ordered x kg of patient x drip factor) / mcg per mL in premixed bag |
