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136 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Skeletal system |
consists of approximately 206 bones for an adult. they range in shape and size and serve several functions |
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Support (skeletal system) |
They provide a framework for attachment of soft connective tissue, such as muscles |
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Protection (skeletal system) |
They protect internal organs. eg the ribs protect the heart and lungs |
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Movement (skeletal system) |
when muscles contract they pull on bones and produce movement |
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Mineral storage (skeletal system) |
in particular they store calcium and phosphorus, which are released when needed |
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Blood cell production (skeletal system) |
most blood cell formation occurs within the red bone marrow |
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Articular Cartilage |
Covers the end of the bone providing cushioning and reducing friction during movement |
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Synovial cavity |
Space that separates the two articulating bones |
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Joint |
joins bone to bone |
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Synovial fluid |
acts as a lubricant with the synovial cavity |
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Joint capsule |
encloses the cavity and contains the fluid |
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Fibrous capsule |
encloses the bones and synovial cavity |
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Synovial membrane |
secretes fluid into the joint |
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Meniscus |
inward and growing cartilage that absorbs shock. pressure and enhances stability |
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Bursae |
sack like structures that are strategically placed to alleviate friction |
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Tendon |
joins muscle to bone |
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Types of synovial joints (There are 6) |
Gliding joint : hinge joint : pivot joint : ellipsoidal joint : saddle joint : ball and socket joint |
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Lungs structure |
Paired organs lying in the thoracic cavity. They are located on either side of the heart and surrounded by strong connective tissue (pleural membrane) |
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parts of the heart |
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What does blood do ? |
transports nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide , waste products |
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Lung function -(4 processes) |
-pulmonary ventilation -pulmonary diffusion -transport of respiratory gases -internal respiration |
respiration is the exchange of gases between the cells, blood and atmosphere |
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Pulmonary ventilation |
movement of air from the atmosphere into the alveoli |
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Pulmonary diffusion |
Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the blood |
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Transport of respiratory gases |
transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the tissue cells of the body via the blood |
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Internal respiration |
Exchange of gases between blood capillaries and the tissue cells |
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Components of blood |
-plasma -RBC -WBC -platelets |
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Plasma |
A yellowish liquid component of blood that holds the blood cells in whole blood in suspension. it is the liquid part of the blood that carries cells and proteins throughout the body |
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lymphatic system |
-Immune system -transport and absorption of fats - |
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Circulatory system features |
heart blood blood vessels |
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Storage of energy (skeletal system) |
yellow bone marrow is a stored source of lipids in the bones |
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name the bones in the upper abdominal (include proper name for spine) |
scapula, clavicle, sternum, ribs, vertebrae |
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name all bones in the lower abdominal (to the “tailbone”) |
pelvis, coccyx, sacrum |
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what are the three sections of the vertebrae (in order from top to bottom) |
-cervical vertebrae -thoracic vertebrae -lumbar vertebrae |
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long bone |
are longer than they are wide and they function as levers e.g leg |
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short bone |
have a short axis and are found in small spaces such as the wrist. they serve to transfer forces |
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flat bone |
have a broad surface and serve as places of attachment for muscles & to protect organs e.g skull |
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irregular bone |
are all those that do not fit into another category. they are an unusual shape e.g vertebrae |
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sesamoid bone |
which are small bones embedded in tendons where pressure develops e.g patella |
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sutural bone |
which are small bones located between the joints of some cranial bones e.g skull |
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name the bones in the leg and foot |
femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges |
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name the bones in the arm and hand |
humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges |
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name the bones in the head (2) |
cranium, mandible |
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anterior |
to the front |
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posterior |
to the back |
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superior |
towards the top or above |
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medial |
towards the inside or midline |
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inferior |
to the bottom or below |
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lateral |
to the outside or away from the midline |
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proximal |
nearer the trunk or body mass |
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distal |
away from the trunk or body mass |
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synovial (moveable) |
the bones have a joint cavity held together by ligaments |
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synovial (moveable) |
the bones have a joint cavity held together by ligaments |
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cartilaginous (slightly moveable) |
the bones have no joint cavity and they are held together by cartilage e.g vertebrae |
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synovial (moveable) |
the bones have a joint cavity held together by ligaments |
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cartilaginous (slightly moveable) |
the bones have no joint cavity and they are held together by cartilage e.g vertebrae |
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Fibrous (immovable) |
the bones have no joint cavity and they are held together by strong connective tissue e.g skull |
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flexion |
decreasing the angle between two bones e.g bicep curl |
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flexion |
decreasing the angle between two bones e.g bicep curl |
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extension |
increasing the angle between two bones e.g bicep curl (downwards phase) |
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flexion |
decreasing the angle between two bones e.g bicep curl |
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extension |
increasing the angle between two bones e.g bicep curl (downwards phase) |
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adduction |
movement of a bone towards the midline e.g grapevine/karaoke (kinetic warmup done before matches or at training) |
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flexion |
decreasing the angle between two bones e.g bicep curl |
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extension |
increasing the angle between two bones e.g bicep curl (downwards phase) |
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adduction |
movement of a bone towards the midline e.g grapevine/karaoke (kinetic warmup done before matches or at training) |
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abduction |
movement of a bone away from the midline e.g sidestep |
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flexion |
decreasing the angle between two bones e.g bicep curl |
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extension |
increasing the angle between two bones e.g bicep curl (downwards phase) |
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adduction |
movement of a bone towards the midline e.g grapevine/karaoke (kinetic warmup done before matches or at training) |
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abduction |
movement of a bone away from the midline e.g sidestep |
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inversion |
rotation of sole of foot inwards e.g dance |
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flexion |
decreasing the angle between two bones e.g bicep curl |
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extension |
increasing the angle between two bones e.g bicep curl (downwards phase) |
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adduction |
movement of a bone towards the midline e.g grapevine/karaoke (kinetic warmup done before matches or at training) |
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abduction |
movement of a bone away from the midline e.g sidestep |
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inversion |
rotation of sole of foot inwards e.g dance |
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eversion |
rotation of sole of foot outwards e.g dance |
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flexion |
decreasing the angle between two bones e.g bicep curl |
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extension |
increasing the angle between two bones e.g bicep curl (downwards phase) |
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adduction |
movement of a bone towards the midline e.g grapevine/karaoke (kinetic warmup done before matches or at training) |
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abduction |
movement of a bone away from the midline e.g sidestep |
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inversion |
rotation of sole of foot inwards e.g dance |
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eversion |
rotation of sole of foot outwards e.g dance |
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pronation |
the rotation of the hand and forearm that causes the to face palm downwards e.g defending a ball |
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supination |
the rotation of the hand and forearm that causes the hand to face palm upwards e.g catching a bomb (footy) |
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slow twitch fibre (red fibres) |
contact slowly, produce less force, fatigue slowly and suited to aerobic events |
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fast twitch fibres (white fibres) |
contract quickly, produce a great deal or force, fatigue quickly and are suited to anaerobic events/ activities |
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dorsi flexion |
bending of foot towards the skin e.g heel pivot |
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plantar flexion |
bending of foot away from skin e.g netball keeper defence |
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rotation |
movement of a bone around it’s longitudinal axis (can me medial and lateral) e.g boxing |
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circumduction |
the distal end of the body move in a circle |
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three types of muscle tissue |
-skeletal -cardinal -smooth |
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skeletal muscle |
mainly attached to bones and causes movement to occur. this muscle in voluntary |
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cardiac muscle |
the muscle associated with the heart. cardiac muscle is involuntary |
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smooth muscles |
this muscle lines the walk of internal organs e.g stomach . predominately involuntary |
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muscle tissue special characteristics (4) |
-contractibility -extensibility -excitability -elasticity |
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agonist |
the muscle that produces the most force during an action |
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agonist |
the muscle that produces the most force during an action |
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antagonist |
muscle that just relax to allow the agonist to contract |
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agonist |
the muscle that produces the most force during an action |
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antagonist |
muscle that just relax to allow the agonist to contract |
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stabilisers |
the muscle that tends not to move and aids the agonist |
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the origin |
fixed point of attachment |
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the origin |
fixed point of attachment |
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the insertion |
moving parts of attachment |
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name the muscles in the arm including the top of the shoulder (not back) |
deltoids, triceps, biceps |
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name the muscles in the arm including the top of the shoulder (not back) |
deltoids, triceps, biceps |
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name the muscles in the leg include glutes (8) |
gluteus mediums, gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, achilles tendon, soleus, quadriceps, gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior |
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name the muscles in the arm including the top of the shoulder (not back) |
deltoids, triceps, biceps |
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name the muscles in the leg include glutes (8) |
gluteus mediums, gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, achilles tendon, soleus, quadriceps, gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior |
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name the muscles from the neck muscle to above the glutes (7) |
sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, latissimus dorsi, rectus abdominis, erector spinae, internal and external obliques, pectoralis major |
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concentric |
when the muscle shortens as it contracts e.g the pecs when completing a push up |
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concentric |
when the muscle shortens as it contracts e.g the pecs when completing a push up |
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eccentric |
when the muscles lengthens as it contracts e.g bicep when completing a bicep curl |
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isotonic |
when the muscle contracts and lengthens to produce movement |
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concentric |
when the muscle shortens as it contracts e.g the pecs when completing a push up |
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eccentric |
when the muscles lengthens as it contracts e.g bicep when completing a bicep curl |
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isotonic |
when the muscle contracts and lengthens to produce movement |
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isometric |
when the muscle cannot or doesn’t shorten but the tension of the muscle increases e.g plank |
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isokinetic |
when the muscle contacts and shortens at a constant and consistent speed e.g specialised equip |
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RBC (red blood cells) |
highly specialised for oxygen transport and live for about 120 days |
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WBC (white blood cells) |
responsible for fighting infection within the body and combats inflammation (only livenfor a few hours to days) |
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platelets |
lifespan of 5-9 days they help to repair damaged blood vessels and promote blood clotting |
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nose |
provides a warm, moist place for air to enter the body |
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nasal cavity |
in the nose and contains hairs that filter and clean foreign objects when entering the body |
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pharynx |
also called throat connects the nasal cavity and mouth to the larynx (pathway for food or air) |
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larynx |
makes sure food and air go into the proper channels. also contains the vocal chords |
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trachea (windpipe) |
very flexible and mobile that expels dust and other foreign particles towards the pharynx -divides into two bronchi |
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what happens during inspiration and expiration |
Back (Definition) |
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alveoli |
the chambers where gas exchange occurs they account for most of the volume in the lungs (large surface for gas exchange) |
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lung |
paired organs in thoracic cavity surrounded by connective tissue called pleural membrane |
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what happens during inspiration and expiration |
Back (Definition) |
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arteries |
carry blood away from the heart to tissues |
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arteries |
carry blood away from the heart to tissues |
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veins |
carry blood from tissues back to the heart |
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capillaries |
small networks of vessels through which nutrients are exchanged through blood cells of the body |
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