Pathways To Independence

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Age of Enlightenment

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The foundation of modern Western political and intellectual culture.

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Charter

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document granting land and authority to set up colonial governments

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Parliament

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British law-making body

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Compact

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Written agreement, contract

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Stamp Act

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an act of the British Parliament in 1756 that exacted revenue from the American colonies by imposing a stamp duty on newspapers and legal and commercial documents. Colonial opposition led to the act's repeal in 1766 and helped encourage the revolutionary movement against the British Crown.

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Declaratory Act

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An Act of the Parliament of Great Britain, which accompanied the repeal of the Stamp Act 1765 and the changing and lessening of the Sugar Act.

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Townshend Revenue Act

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A series of measures introduced into the English Parliament by Chancellor of the Exchequer Charles Townshend in 1767, theTownshend Acts imposed duties on glass, lead, paints, paper and tea imported into the colonies.

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Quartering Acts

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Quartering Act is a name given to a minimum of two Acts of British Parliament in the local governments of the American colonies to provide the British soldiers with any needed accommodations or housing. It also required colonists to provide food for any British soldiers in the area.

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Loyalists

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a colonist of the American revolutionary period who supported the British cause.

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Patriots

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a vigorous supporter of America to be free and declare independence.

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John Locke

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English philosopher who believed a Social Contract worked both ways and supported Democracy.

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Thomas Hobbes

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Supported Monarchy, and believed Social Contract was not a two way street.

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Jean-Jacques Rousseau

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French philosopher who's idea of a Social Contract strongly influenced the French Revolutionary War.

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Glorius Revolution

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The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolutionof 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau

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English Bill of Rights

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an English statute of 1689 confirming, with minor changes, the Declaration of Rights, declaring the rights and liberties of the subjects and settling the succession in William III and Mary II. British Dictionary definitions for Bill of Rights Expand.

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Common Law

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the part of English law that is derived from custom and judicial precedent rather than statutes. Often contrasted with statutory law.

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Jamestown

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The first permanent English settlement in North America, founded in 1607 in Virginia. Jamestown was named for King James I of England. It was destroyed later in the seventeenth century in an uprising of Virginians against the governor.

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House of Burgesses

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the lower house of the colonial Virginia legislature.

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Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

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The Fundamental Orders were adopted by the Connecticut Colony council on January 15, 1639 OS. The ordersdescribe the government set up by the waters of Connecticut. It was a Constitution for the colonial government of Hartford and was similar to the government Massachusetts had set up.

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Declaration of Independence

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The Declaration of Independence is defined as the formal statement written by Thomas Jefferson declaring the freedom of the thirteen American colonies from Great Britain.

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Articles of Confederation

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the original constitution of the US, ratified in 1781, which was replaced by the US Constitution in 1789.

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Constitutional Convention

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In September 1786, at the Annapolis Convention, delegates from five states called for a Constitutional Convention in order to discuss possible improvements to the Articles of Confederation. The Constitutional Convention took place in Philadelphia on May 14, 1787.

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Virginia Plan

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a proposal by Virginia delegates for a bicameral legislative branch. The plan was drafted by James Madison while he waited for a quorum to assemble at the Constitutional Convention of 1787.

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New Jersey Plan

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a plan, unsuccessfully proposed at the Constitutional Convention, providing for a single legislative house with equal representation for each state.

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Constitution

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a body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed.

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Magna Carta

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book written by the king

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Mayflower Compact

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An agreement reached by the Pilgrims on the ship theMayflower in 1620, just before they landed at Plymouth Rock. The Mayflower Compact bound them to live in a civil society according to their own laws.

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Due Process

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fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizen's entitlement.

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Rule of Law

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the restriction of the arbitrary exercise of power by subordinating it to well-defined and established laws.

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Limited Government

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Limited government is a principle of classical liberalism, free market libertarianism, and some tendencies of liberalism and conservatism in the United States. A constitutionally limited government is a system ofgovernment that is bound to certain principles of action by a state constitution.

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Self-Government

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government of a country by its own people, especially after having been a colony.

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Continental Congress

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The Continental Congress, also known as the Philadelphia Congress, was a convention of delegates called together from the Thirteen Colonies which became the governing body of the United States (USA) during the American Revolution. The Congress met from 1774 to 1789 in three incarnations.