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168 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The five criteria for disease transmission:
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1 - disease must be contagious 2- must have a means of transportation 3 - must have a way into the body 4 - disease must be infectious 5 - individual must be susceptible to invading organism
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infection caused by inhaling viruses or bacteria carried in the air
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airbone infection
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infection from inhaling droplets of moisture carrying bacteria or viruses (usually within 3 feet)
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droplet infection
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transmission straight from person to person such as kissing
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direct contact
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transmission from touching surfaces that have been contaminated
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indirect contact
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indirect contact can also be in the form of _________ infection
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waterborne
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This disease has been known to be transmitted by shellfish that have been living in sewage contaminated water
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hepatitis A
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The transfer of an infectious agent from one person or source to another by a carrier such as an insect.
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vector-borne infection
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Governmental agency responsible for the safety of employees
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Occupational Safety and Hazard Administration - OSHA
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OSHA has mandated infection control programs targeted to reduce the chance of exposure to HIV and ______
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hepatitus B
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biological substances such as medical waste that pose a treat to humans
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biohazard
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Written material information sheet for products that contain a hazardous chemical
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Material Safety Data Sheets - MSDS
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Since 1992 OSHA's _______ program has been in place at all labs.
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Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogen Program
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The CDC's specimen handling precaution are known as
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Standard Precautions
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Hazardous waste removal must be disposed of in proper containers, identified with biohazard labels, and Sharps must be placed in puncture-proof containers...and then they are:
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incinerated
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AIDS was recognized the the US in ____(year) and reported in professional journals in ____
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1978 / 1981
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WBC's found in lymph nodes
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lymphocytes
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Killer cells - lymphocytes responsible for killing cells bearing a specific kind of antigen
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T-cytotoxic cells
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Lymphocytes that suppress antibody production as well as the production of T-helper and T-cytotoxic lymphocytes
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T-suppressor cells
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T-helper cells form different proteins called ____ and ____
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interleukins and interferons
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interleukins and interferons stimulate the production of two T-lymphocytes known as:
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T-cytotoxic (killer) and T-suppressor cells
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Patients who lack a specific blood clotting factor and tend to bleed profusely
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hemophiliacs
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Having no signs or symptoms of a disease
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asymptomatic
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infection by candida albicans
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candidiasis
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Inflammation of the female pelvic organs with can extend to other abdominal organs
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pelvic inflammatory disease
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Deterioration in function of the nerves located in the periphery of the body. This could include decreased sensatation of pain.
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peripheral neuropathy
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Infection by the protozoa cryptosporidium
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cryptosporidosis
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This comes from the herpes group of viruses, and can result in acute illness characterized by fever and inflammation of the liver and lungs.
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cytomegalovirus
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degenerative disease of the brain
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encephalopathy
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generalized enlargement of the lymph nodes
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lymphadenopathy
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lack or loss of appetite
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anorexia
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Pneumonia caused by the protozoa Pneumocystis carinii, causing severe respiratory distress and respiratory failure
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Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
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inflammation of the intestines (enterocolitis) by the protozoa cryptosporidium
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cryptosporidium enterocolitis
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The infectious agent causing vaginal yeast infections and oral thrush
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Candida albicans
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A malignant tumor that appears blue-red in color, usually appears on the lower extremities.
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Kaposi's Sarcoma
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A protozoa that invades the body and causes cysts to develop in muscle tissue and the vital organs
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toxoplasmosis
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This is also called cat scratch fever, causes development of cysts in tissues such as heart and brain
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toxoplasmosis
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A member of the herpes family of viruses, it causes fever and inflammation of the liver and lungs.
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Cytomegalovirus
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a protozoa that thrives in the intestines of many different animals, in humans the infection causes severe diarrhea accompanied by weight loss.
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Cryptosporidium Enderocolitis
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The usual culprit in yeast infections and oral thrush, symptoms include: Lesions in mouth appearing as white patches over an inflamed area.
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candida albicans
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An infection occuring in the small intestine
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enteric infection
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Occurring suddenly and with great intensity
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fulminating
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formally called infectious hepatitis
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hepatitis A
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An enteric infection that 33 percent of all americans show evidence of having had.
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hepatitis A
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formerly called serum hepatitis
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hepatitis B
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infection that occurs by subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous injection
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parenteral infection
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a viral disease that means inflammation of the liver
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hepatitis
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a parenteral infection able to survive for long periods of time outside the body which inflames the liver, may be spread sexually, and has a vaccine.
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hepatitis B
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has been called parenteral non-A, non-B
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hepatitis C
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a parenteral infection of the liver spread transmitted by bloodborne contamination or sexual contact. It may survive in dried blood for up to three weeks, including on toothbrushes or razors.
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hepatitis C
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also called delta hepatitis
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hepatitis D
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this is associated with a simultaneous infection or co-infection with hepatitis b (HBV)
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hepatitis D
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A patient with HBV who suddenly deteriorates should be suspected of having a co-infection with ___
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hepatitis D
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This has also been called enteric non-A, non-B hepatitis
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hepatitis E
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this type of liver inflammating virus is typically seen in young to middle aged patients. Pregnant women are most susceptible to it.
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hepatitis E
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This virus causing inflammation of the liver is spread through exposure to contaminated food and water especially after natural disasters with flooding or contaminated water with raw sewage.
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hepatitis E
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virus found to cause inflammation of liver when injected into study animals, there is controversy regarding its actual presence
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hepatitis F
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this inflammation of the liver is caused by a bloodborne virus, and is often found as a co-infection with HCV
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hepatitis G
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phase were symptoms indicate the onset of an illness
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prodromal phase
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phase of hepatitis characterizzed by jaundice
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icteric phase
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having no signs or symptoms of disease
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asymptomatic
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examination by touching
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palpation
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symptom of hepatitis characterized by the yellowing of the skin and white portions of the eyes
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jaundice
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during this phase of hepatitis, the patients urine will turn dark brown
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prodromal phase
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in this phase of hepatitis, the patient will complain of flu-like symptoms. As it progresses he my develop hives, causing itching, or if he smokes, a distaste for cigarettes.
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prodromal phase
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jaundice appears in this phase of hepatitis
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icteric phase
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jaundice will peak in one to two weeks, then gradually fade during what is known as this phase
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recovery phase
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hepatitis usually resolves in ___ to ___ weeks
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4 to 8 weeks
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hepatitis __ and __ have a high incidence of becoming chronic
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hepatitis B and C
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hepatitis __ rarely develops into a chronic infection
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hepatitis A
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a degenerative condition of the liver in which the lobes of the liver are covered with fibrous tissue and the liver tissue is infiltrated with fat. Liver function deteriorates
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cirrhosis
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hepatitis A and E are considered ______ infections
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enteric
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hepatitis __ and __ have vaccines
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hepatitis A and B
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immune globulin (gamma globulin) can be administered both pre and postexposure, protecting from infection by hepatitis __ and __
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hepatitis A and E
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this hepatitis has been labeled a silent epidemic
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hepatitis C
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there is no cure and no vaccine for this hepatitis, which can survive for prolonged periods of time in dried blood
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hepatitis C
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this type of meningitis can be contracted from a prior infection such as the mumps, measles, or rubella
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viral meningitis
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sometimes called aseptic meningitis
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viral meningitis
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this type of meningitis can come from droplet infection, or direct contact
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bacterial meningitis
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head trauma can cause this type of meningitis
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bacterial meningitis
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this meningitis has a sudden onset after a respiratory illness
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bacterial meningitis
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Symptoms: intense headache, fever, nausea, vomiting, stiff neck, may also be lethargic, delirious, comatose, or seizures
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bacterial meningitis
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in patients with bacterial meningitis and a stiff neck, sudden flexion of the neck will result in the involuntary flexion of the ____ and ____
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hips and knees
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an abnormal response in people seen when the sole of the foot is scraped. The response is upward flexion of the big toe and fanning out of the remaining toes.
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Babinski's reflex
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a patien laying supine can extend his legs, but if the leg is flexed toward the abdomen, the patient cannot exted the knee. This is known as
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Kernig's sign
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This can be fatal in a few hours
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bacterial meningitis
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when dealing with someone with bacterial meningitis, wear
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gloves, mask, goggles
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an airborne disease transmitted by inhaling dried or moist droplets of infectious material coughed up or sneezed by the patient
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turberculosis
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most common site of infection for tuberculosis is this organ
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the lung
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tuberculosis usually infects the lung, but can also infect these organs
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the spine or other bony areas, meninges, kidneys, liver and spleen
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name the two types of infection involved with tuberculosis
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primary and secondary
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this type of tuberculosis is seen as an initial infection, which is small and usually resolves with no further spread
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primary tuberculosis
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this type of tuberculosis can be a reactivation of a prior infection or a reunification
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secondary tuberculosis
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Characteristic of a person whose immune system has been weakened and cannot resist infection by bacterial or viral agents
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immunocompromised
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symptoms of this include fever, chills, weakness, and night sweats, weight loss, shortness of breath, productive cough. The sputum appears green to yellow in color, and may contain blood.
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tuberculous
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after a patient has had TB for 4 to 12 weeks, these form
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tubercles
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This consists of fibrous tissue to wall off infections
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tubercles
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mucus secretion of the airways this is coughed from the lungs and expelled through the mouth
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sputum
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coughing blood
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hemoptysis
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abnormal curvature of the spine often referred to as a hunchback
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kyphosis
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when tuberculosis spreads to the spine, the extensive necrosis of the tissue may lead to
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kyphosis
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periodic testing for TB requires a ___ skin test
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PPD
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formally known as varicella
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chickenpox
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another name for chickenpox, a viral disease causing a rash
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varicella
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this disease is more frequently seen in winter and spring
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chickenpox (varicella)
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chickenpox is contagious for __ weeks
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2 weeks
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chickenpox ends when this occurs
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all the vesicles have scabbed over
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Symptoms: mild headache, decreased appetite, moderate fever. 24 hours later, rash
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chickenpox (varicella)
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rare complication of chickenpox include:
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myocarditis, hepatitus, encephalopathy
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a small elevation of the skin containing fluid
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vesicles
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difficulty or painful swallowing
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dysphagia
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the sensation of difficult or labored breathing
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dyspnea
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inflammation of the heart muscle
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myocarditis
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a degenerative disease of the brain
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encephalopathy
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the biggest defense against varicella is this
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having the disease as a child (chickenpox)
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German measles
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rubella (3 day measles)
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rubella
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german measles (3 day measles)
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3-day measles
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rubella (german measles)
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common childhood viral illness typically prevalent in the spring
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rubella (german measles)
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rubella is transmitted by
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droplet infection
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Symptoms: short period of fatigue and general uneasiness. Shortly thereafter, a rash appears on the face and neck and spreads quickly to the trunk. Lymph nodes may be swollen and tender. The rash fades within three days.
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rubella (german measles)
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inflammation of the lining of the nose and nasal passageways that can lead to a runny nose or nasal stuffiness
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rhinitis
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a pregnant woman with this can suffer a spontaneous abortion or stillbirth, and birth defects in children born of mother having the disease n the first trimester
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rubella (german measles)
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measles
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rubeola
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rubeola
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measles
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inflammation of the lining of the eyelids
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confunctivitis
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small, irregular bright red spots with a bluish-white speck in the center of the spot found in the mouth of patients with measles (rubeola)
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Koplik's spots
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Koplik's spots are found in the mouth of patients with
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rubeola (measles)
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Symptoms: two stages - first stage appears after an incubation period of one or two weeks, patient will have a fever, runny nose, cough, and conjunctivitis. May have headache and neck pain. second stage is characterized by spots appearing in the patient's mouth. One or two days later, the patient develops a rash, which begins in front or below the ears and quickly spreads. The fever may approach 104 degrees
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rubeola (measles)
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inflammation of the middle ear, common in childhood, that has a variety of causes
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otitis media
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otitis media
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ear infection
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Mumps
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epidemic parotitis
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epidemic parotitis
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mumps
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inflammation of the paratid salivary gland. These glands are the largest of the salivary glands and are located on either side of the face, in front of and below the ears
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partotitis
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This is more prevalent in late winter and early spring
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mumps (epidemic parotitis)
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this virus is spread by droplet infection or with an object contaminated with the infected person's saliva
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mumps (epidemic parotitis)
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Symptoms: fatigue, weakness, chills, low grade fever, enlargement of the salivary glands, pain with chewing or swallowing, neck swelling, fever may reach 104 degrees
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mumps (epidemic parotitis)
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may cause swelling of a testicle in adults, or an ovary in women
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epidemic parotitis (mumps)
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inflammation of the pancreas
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pancreatitis
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inflammation of the prostate gland
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prostatitis
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inflammation of the kidney
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nephritis
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inflammation of the breast
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mastitis
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infection that affects the mouth or the genital area
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herpes simplex
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Symptoms: infection of the lips, mouth, face, vesicles appear singly or in clusters, eruption may be painful
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herpes simplex I (HSV-1)
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Symptoms: infecton of the genitalia, painful lesions, vesicles erode and form small ulceration that crust.
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herpes simplex II (HSV-2) or genital herpes
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infection found in AIDS patients is a yeast like fungus that can appear as white patches in the mouth and can lead to difficult or painful swallowing
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candida albicans
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in using the lymphocytes to make copies of itself, HIV:
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destroys the cells
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T/F enlarged lymph nodes are a sign of HIV or AIDS
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false
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the jaundice seen in hepatitis may initially be seen in the:
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eyes
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most common cause of influenza is the
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influenza virus
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shingles cause pain or sensitivity where an outbreak of ____ appear
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vesicles
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a virus transmitted in droppings from rodents such as rats and mice
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hantavirus
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this infection affects most kids and is one of the most common causes of diarrhea
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rotavirus
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commonly known as shingles, this is a viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with blisters in a limited area on one side of the body, often in a stripe
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herpes zoster (chickenpox in adults)
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this is a neurotrophic virus that causes fatal disease in human and animals. transmission can occur through the saliva of animals
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rabies virus
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inflammation of the flap that sits at the base of the tongue
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epiglottis
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syphilis is caused by a:
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bacteria
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these spots may look like grains of sand or white spots on a reddened area, or red spots with a blue dot
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Koplik's spots
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whooping cough is also known as
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pertussis
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pertussis
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whooping cough
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Symptoms: pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema, vomit from prolonged coughing and chocking on mucus, cough up and expel thick mucus from the airways
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whooping cough (pertussis)
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childhood demyelinating bacterial disease that is mostly eraciated in the U.S.
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diphtheria
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Symptoms: sore throat, gray or dirty yellow patchy area in mouth, hard to swallow
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diphtheria
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a superficial bacterial skin infection most common among children 2 to 6 years old, characterized by encrusted yellow sores on the skin
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impetigo
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Symptoms: child with small skin lesion on face near mouth with postules, some of which have ruptured and have crusts
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impetigo
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Symptoms: child with severe barking cough, history of bronchiolitis, inspiratory stridor
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croup
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a group of respiratory diseases that often affects infants and children [1] under age 6. It is characterized by a barking cough; a whistling, obstructive sound as the child breathes in; and hoarseness due to obstruction in the region of the larynx
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croup
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episodes oth the croup typically last for 3-4 days, unless
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respiratory failure develops
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