Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
On an EKG what does the "p" wave represent? |
First wave; small wave; atrial depolarization |
|
|
On an EKG what does the QRS wave represent? |
small dip followed by large spike and another dip; DEPOLARIZATION OF VENTRICLES |
|
|
A patient is exhibiting non-pitting edema; thick and rough skin on the right lower extremity, and distal pulses are present and equal. What should the health care provider expect to find? |
Lymphedema |
|
|
Who is more likely to have a silent myocardial infarction? a. a young male b. a middle-aged female c. a pregnant female d. a male diagnosed with diabetes mellitus |
d. a male diagnosed with diabetes mellitus |
|
|
What is one of the most important complications of mitral valve scarring due to rheumatic fever? |
Infective endocarditis |
|
|
In a patient with an acute coronary syndrome, what is the goal time from presentation to hospital to opening of the artery? |
90 minutes or less |
|
|
Which of the following patients has the greatest risk of developing heart failure? a. a 50 year old white female with asthma b. a 48 year old black female who smokes c. a 69 year old black male with hypertension d. a 75 year old white male who smokes |
c. a 69 year old black male with hypertension |
|
|
Which type of cardiomyopathy is characterized by progressive cardiac hypertrophy, dilation, and impaired pumping with hearth enlargement and thinning walls? |
Dilated |
|
|
What is most likely to contribute to thrombus development?
|
Immobility |
|
|
Which patient should remain alert to the possible development of right-sided heart failure? a. a 60 year old male with COPD b. a 40 year old woman who broke her ankle while training c. a 68 year old man with dehydration 5 years after having an MI d. a 27 year old woman taking excessive amounts of thyroid hormone to lose weight |
a. a 60 year old male with COPD |
|
|
Narrowing and hardening of the arteries is known as? a. atherosclerosis b. thrombosis c. stroke d. hemorrhage |
a. athersclerosis |
|
|
Which of the following is not a non-modifiable risk factor for stroke? a. age b. being of the female gender c. family history d. ethnicity |
b. being of the female gender
|
|
|
Angina pectoris is usually a manifestation of which of the following? a. hypertension b. atherosclerosis of coronary arteries c. aortic aneurysm d. infective (bacterial endocarditis) |
b. atherosclerosis |
|
|
A patient has history of stable angina who has recently complained of an increase number of attacks and intensity of pain. What should you suspect? a. the patient continues to have stable angina b. the patient has developed unstable angina c. the patient has experienced an acute MI d. the patient has a subendocardial necrosis |
b. the patient has developed unstable angina |
|
|
Pericardial effusion that can occur in pericarditis has which of the following cardiovascular consequences? a. decreased preload b. decreased afterload c. decreased cardiac output d. decreased peripheral vascular resistance |
c. decreased cardiac output |
|
|
which of the following is NOT a risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic heart disease? a. hypertension b. diabetes mellitus c. hyperthyroidism d. cigarette smoking c. metabolic syndrome |
c. hyperthyroidism |
|
|
A patient come to the ED complaining of coughing and difficulty breathing. The diagnosis is heart failure. He asks how - your response should be? a. "the left side of your heart is weak and pumps too quickly." b. "the left side of your heart weakend and blood has entered your lungs." c. "the right side of your heart has enlarged and cannot effectively pump blood." d. "the right side of your heart has weakened and blood has entered your lungs." |
a. "the left side of your heart has weakened and blood has entered your lungs." |
|
|
An 80 year old patient in the ICU has an overwhelming systemic infection that begins to exhibit splinter hemorrhages under her fingernails, hematuria, and petechia. What is likely the culprit? a. cardiac tamponade b. infective endocarditis c. dilated cardiomyopathy d. pericarditis |
b. infective endocarditis |
|
|
What should a nurse look for in a clinical manifestation to the initial stage of shock? a. decreased mean arterial pressure b. elevated body temperature c. vascular vasodilation d. increased heart rate |
d. increased heart rate |
|
|
A 19-year old athlete experience sudden cardiac death during football practice. It was rule cardiomyopathy. Which form was it most likely? a. dilated b. hypertrophic c. restrictive d. dystrophic |
b. hypertrophic |
|
|
What information should parents be given about the consequence of phenylketonuria (PKU)? |
failure to treat properly results in progressive mental retardation |
|
|
Multiple myeloma is a malignancy of the: a. lymphatic system b. T lymphocytes c. granulocytes d. plasma cells |
d. plasma cells |
|
|
von Willebrand factor is directly involved in: a. Platelet adhesion and aggregation b. platelet production c. formation of the fibrin clot d. clot dissolution |
a. platelet adhesion and aggregation |
|
|
Children with PKU must avoid phenylalanine in their diet. Where can you find high amounts of phenylalanine? a. fat b. sugar c. protein d. oil |
c. protein |
|
|
What disease state results from an inability to differentiate self from non-self? a. immunodeficiency b. hypersensitivity c. autoimmune d. anaphylaxis |
c. autoimmune |
|
|
What patient is most important for the nurse to take special precautions due to an increased susceptibility to infection as a result of medical therapy? a. a 38 year old woman taking contraceptives b. a 38 year old male with diabetes mellitus taking insulin c. a 58 year old woman with rheumatoid arthritis taking corticosteroids daily d. a 58 year old man 5 years after a MI taking daily asprin |
c. 58 year old woman with rheumatoid arthritis taking corticosteroids daily |
|
|
While in the hospital for management of acute lymphocyticleukemia, JB's neutophil count is 175. The most appropriate action for this is? a. anticoagulant therapy b. minimize visitors c. chemotherapy d. iron supplements |
b. minimize visitors - this indicates neutropenia equaling a higher risk for infection |
|
|
Which of the following is an example of passive immunity? a. immunizations b. transplant rejection c. response to a disease d. placental transfer of antibodies |
d. placental transfer of antibodies |
|
|
Within seconds of receiving penicilin, the pt complains of shortness of breath and chest pain. What level of hypersensitivity is the patient most likely suffering from? a. Type I b. Type II c. Type III d. Type IV |
a. Type I |
|
|
Which of the following is a complication of chronic stress? a. renal disease b. diabetes mellitus c. pathological fractures d. increased susceptibility to illness |
d. increased susceptibility to illness |
|
|
What is a deficit of all types of blood cells? a. leukopenia b. neutropenia c. pancytopenia d. erythrocytosis |
c. pancytopenia |
|
|
Which of the following situation represents a break in the first line of defense against infection? a. an abnormally low total white blood cell count b. a "shift to the left" on the WBC differential c. use of an indwelling bladder catheter d. poor nutritional status |
c. use of an indwelling bladder catheter |
|
|
Which of the following patients is at the greatest risk for impaired immune function? a. 23 year old female that is 5% her ideal weight b. 79 year old male with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus c. 89 year old male with controlled hypertension d. 45 year old female recently widowed |
b. 79 year old male with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus |
|
|
Which of the following indicates an alteration in homeostatic control mechanisms? a. fever b. throat pain c. joint stiffness d. positive throat culture |
a. fever |
|
|
Which of the following is present that differentiates Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's disease? a. felty's syndrome b. epstein barr virus c. bence jones proteins d. reed-sternberg cells |
d. reed-sternberg cells |
|
|
Iron deficiency anemia is characterized by red blood cells that are: a. normocytic, normochromic b. microcytic, hypochromic c. macrocytic, normochromic d. microcytic, normochromic |
b. microcytic, hypochromic (microcytic=small red blood cells; hypochromic=pale red blood cells) |
|
|
A 14 year old female presents severe fatigue, swollen glands, and low grad fever. Which test should be used to confirm mononucleosis? a. monospot and heterophils antibody test b. an elevated erythrocyte rate c. decreased eosinophils count d. decrease monocyte count |
a. monospot and heterophils |
|
|
During the infection mononucleosis, the epstein-barr virus invades: a. B lymphocytes b. T lymphocytes c. Macrophages d. marrow stem cells |
a. b lymphocytes |
|
|
What chemical is primarily released during "fight or flight?" a. insulin and glucose b. aldosterone and stodium c. epinephrine and gluccocorticoids d. epinephrine and potassium |
c. epinephrine and glucocorticoids |
|
|
What type of injury occurs when blood flow is diminished to tissue? a. hypoxic b. ischemic c. hyperemic d. neoplastic |
b. ischemic |
|
|
Prebycusis refers to: a. hearing loss that occurs as a result of an ototoxic drug b. decreased hearing that accompanies the aging process c. hearing loss to injury to the tympanic membrane d. idiopathic hearing loss |
b. decreased hearing that accompanies the aging process |
|
|
A pt comes to the ED after a rock hit his eye. The event occurred several hours prior. There is redness and weeping but no pain. Which of the following symptoms would confirm retinal detachment? a. pain b. darkening vision c. complete vision loss d. edema |
a. pain |
|
|
A pregnant woman reports difficulty hearing and tinnitus. The nurse suspects: a. hypertensive crisis b. otosclerosis meniere's disease presbyopia |
b. ostosclerosis
|
|
|
A 75 year old patient reports he has trouble focusing his eyes and worries that he has had a stroke. What is the best reply? a. "I'll call your doctor and ask for a CT scan" b. "Do you have a headache? Maybe it's a stroke" c. "It's most likely a condition called presbyopia, a normal occurrence of aging" d. "You shouldn't read in a dark room" |
c. "It's most likely a condition called presbyopia, a normal occurrence of aging." |
|
|
A patient with Meniere's disease would probably complain of what? a. fatigue b. vertigo and tinnitus c. pain when the ear is touched d. tenderness over the mastoid area |
b. vertigo and tinnitus |
|
|
Bernice is 76 years old with diabetes who is seeking care due to having visual changes. She says that she is suddenly experiencing loss of central vision. This is an early sign of: a. cataracts b. glaucoma c. diabetic retinopathy d. wet macular degeneration |
d. wet macular degeneration |
|
|
The nurse is assessing the patient that complains of the "room spinning." The patient denies taking any medications, drinking alcohol or head injuries. While planning care the nurse includes: a. directions to the dietary department to send liquids only b. safety planning to prevent injury from falls c. directions for physical therapy d. eye exercises |
b. safety planing to prevent injury from falls |
|
|
The patient has been diagnosed with keratitis. The nurse teaches the patient: a. that keratitis causes thickened skin on the ear b. keratitis can be caused by HSV I c. she should experience no pain or other symptoms d. keratitis is a normal sign of aging |
b. keratitis can be caused by HSV I |
|
|
Kirby is 63 years old who has come in for his annual check up. He has been having problems hearing conversation. There is no build up in his ears and he is advised that he needs to be checked further, but it could be associated with aging - what is the best term for this? a.tinnitus b. accomodation c. presbycusis d. presbyopia |
c. presbycusis |
|
|
An african american patient is giving his health history. He doesnt remember what type of eye problem he has but says all of his brothers have it, too. He also uses eye drops and it came on slowly. What should the nurse check for in his chart? a. closed-angle glaucoma b. macular degeneration c. familial cataracts d. open-angle glaucoma |
d. open angle glaucoma |
|
|
Which of the following patients is at the highest risk for macula degeneration? a. an older adult patient b. a young adult with multiple allergies c. a youth hit in the eye with a baseball d. a biochemist exposed to various toxins |
a. an older adult patient |
|
|
A pregnant women was told she will have a baby with DS. The nurse is taking her health history when the mother asks if there are any other problems the baby could have. The nurse knows that: a. babies with down syndrome usually have cerebral palsy b. babies with DS also are at risk for anotia c. DS is associated with congenital cataracts d. DS babies have no other risk factors |
c. DS is associated with congenital cataracts |
|
|
The patient reports a history of secondary glaucoma. This is: a. a normal sign of aging b. caused by medication, another eye, or a systemic disease c. a result of an old trauma d. seen only in children |
b. caused by medication, another eye or a systemic disease |
|
|
The school nurse has seen four student this morning with sings of conjunctiitis. The nurse: a. reminds teachers, students, and parents about hand washing to stop the spread b. is thankful it is not very contagious c. sends the children immediately to the ER fearing they will go blind d. suggests to the parents that the children need no treatment |
a. reminds teachers, students, and parents about hand washing to help stop the spread |
|
|
Glaucoma is often characterized by an increase in intraocular pressure because of increased: a. aqueous humor in the eye b. vitreous humor in the posterior chamber of the eye c. fluid near the opening of the retina d. waste products and toxins |
a. aqueous humor in the eye |
|
|
An older patient comes in for an annual exam - the nurse notes the patient has experienced a distortion or loss of central vision. This sensory change can be identified as: a. glaucoma b. cataract formation c. diabetic retinopathy d. dry macular degeneration |
d. dry macular degeneration |
|
|
Cataracts represent: a. a chronic, painful, indolent ulcer that occurs in the absence of infection b. opacities in the lens of the eye that can cause cloudy fuzzy or haloed vison c. scar tissue on the cornea that interferes with focusing d. a membrane covering over the meshwork of the eye |
b. opacities in the lens of the eye that can cause cloudy, fuzzy, or haloed vision |
|
|
A nurse is assessing a baby with strabismus. The nurse knows: a. the eyes do not focus together which result in diplopia b. the brain gradually learns to focus on both eyes c. this problem can cause retinal detachment d. requires no treatment |
a. the eyes do not focus together which result in diplopia |
|
|
A 64 year old painter is in for a checkup. The nurse asks if he's had any problems and he responds that his vision isn't as good and things look more yellow than they used to. She knows that this is because when a person ages: a. the iris yellows b. the lens yellows c. pupils take longer to dilate d. pupils take longer to constrict |
b. the lens yellows |
|
|
A school nurse performs a routine screening on a transferred child. She is especially interested in his history regarding middle ear infections. The nurse knows that otitis media can lead to: a. tonsillitis b. strep throat c. high fevers d. tympanic membrane rupture |
d. tympanic membrane rupture |
|
|
Stools that are dry and hard to pass is a bowel pattern best identified as? |
constipation |
