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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the non-enveloped hepatitis viruses and what makes them special?
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A & E
Non-enveloped means they can survive passage thru the stomach and thus be transmitted fecal-oral. |
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Chronic disease doesn't occur in what hepatitis virus infections?
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A & E
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Where is hep B endemic and how is it transmitted usually in those areas?
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subsaharan Africa, SE Asia.
in utero or perinatally. |
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Chronic infections to Hep C develop in ____% of infected; while ____% will develop cirrhosis
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80-90%; 20%
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T/F Cirrhosis due to hep C is the predisposing condition for 50% of hepatocellular carcinomas in the US
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T
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What are the histopathologic features of classic, acute viral hepatitis?
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lobular disarray.
spotty/focal. Due to the processes of Chronic inflammation Hepatocellular necrosis & apoptosis Hepatocellular regeneration Which compete |
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ballooning degeneration: in what states is it seen?
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swelling of hepatocytes that occurs in acute viral hep.
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What is acute viral hepatitis with massive hepatic necrosis?
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The most severe form of hepatic injury, occurring in <1% of cases of viral hepatitis. Liver shows uniform disappearance of hepatocytes in all lobules of the liver (panlobular necrosis).
Has a high mortality rate but some patients can be rescued with emergency liver transplant |
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The ___ ligament is the rough dividing line between the two lobes of liver.
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falciform
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Zone _ encircles the portal tracts where the oxygenated blood from hepatic arteries enters. Zone _ is located around central veins, where oxygenation is poor. Zone _ is located in between.
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1; 3; 2
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The most common cause of fatty change in developed nations is ______.
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alcoholism
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What is the difference between macro and micronodular cirrhosis?
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Macro: nodules are >3 cm; Micro, <3 cm
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Viral hepatitis (B or C) is the most common cause for (micro, macro) nodular cirrhosis.
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macronodular
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Wilson's disease and alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency can produce a (micro, macro)nodular cirrhosis.
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macro
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Alcohol cirrhosis is a (micro, macro)nodular cirrhosis.
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micro
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What is the asymptomatic chronic carrier state>
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Occurs in Hep B and C.
Dxed serologically. There is not necrosis or cellular inflammation |
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What does the histology of chronic B carriers look like?
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eccentric nuclei, weakly eosinophilic, ground glass cytoplasm.
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Chronic active hepatitis is characterized by what?
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continued liver cell damage that progresses to cirrhosis.
Mode of progression of hepatocellular disease instead of a specific, viral induced injury. |
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What three histological feaures are necessary for a dx of Chronic active hepatitis?
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1) Fibrous reparative response
2) Piecemeal hepatocellular necrosis 3) Inflammation with lymphs and plasma cells |
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What is "piecemeal" necrosis?
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spotty necrosis that is most severe adjacent to portal tracts and inflammatory fibrous septa.
By a process of creeping fibrosis, then piecemeal necrosis, hepatic architecture becomes progressively more distorted by scar tissue |
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most common sequelae of chronic viral hepatitis
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cirrhosis
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What organelle is most abnormal in hepatocytes in alcoholic liver disease? What changes are seen?
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Mitochondria. Enlarged, deformed, decreased cristae.
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What are Mallory bodies?
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accumulation of lipid as non-membrane bound, cytoplasmic droplets.
globular red hyaline material within hepatocytes.The globules are aggregates of intermediate filaments in the cytoplasm resulting from hepatocyte injury. |