Path 404: Upper Airway Disorders And Pulmonary Infections

Front 1

List substances that can cause inflammation, irritation, or infection of the lungs.

Back 1

bacteria, fungi, gastric acid, organic dust, inorganic dust, toxic gases

Front 2

Name the three mechanical barriers that participate in lung defense.

Back 2

the nose, the mucociliary blanket, and cough

Front 3

Which structure, the nose or the mucociliary blanket, traps smaller particles.

Back 3

the mucociliary blanket

Front 4

What is the most important phagocytic cell in the lung? Name another important immune cell.

Back 4

alveolar macrophage, neutrophil

Front 5

What substances protect the lung from injury caused by toxic gases and pollutants?

Back 5

anti-oxidants

Front 6

What are the four most common types of congenital abnormalities of the lung?

Back 6

1) bronchial atresia 2) pulmonary hypoplasia 3) bronchogenic cyst 4) pulmonary sequestration

Front 7

What are the three classifications of diseases involving the bronchi and bronchioles?

Back 7

1) infections 2) obstruction 3) bronchiectasis

Front 8

True or false: bronchiolitis is rarely seen in children.

Back 8

false

Front 9

What microorganisms can cause bronchitis?

Back 9

influenza, hemophilius influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, and mycoplasma pneumonia

Front 10

What is the most common cause of bronchial obstruction in children? In adults?

Back 10

Children: aspirated foreign bodies
Adults: lung tumor, aspirated foreign bodies or gastric contents, thick mucus

Front 11

Following a complete obstruction, the collapse of the lung tissue distal to the obstruction is called what?

Back 11

atelectasis

Front 12

Permanent dilation of the airway secondary to destruction of the elastic and muscular elements of the bronchial wall is known as ____________.

Back 12

bronchiectasis

Front 13

What can cause bronchiectasis?

Back 13

airway obstruction, infections, or congenital abnormalities

Front 14

Pneumonia is an infection of the pulmonary ______________.

Back 14

parenchyma

Front 15

What are the general symptoms of pneumonia?

Back 15

fever, cough, sputum production and shortness of breath

Front 16

What are the three general catagories of pneumonia?

Back 16

1) community acquired 2) nosocomial 3) opportunistic

Front 17

In pneumonia, when the affected segment of lung becomes firm and resembles the appearance of liver, this is known as ___________.

Back 17

red hepatization

Front 18

In pneumonia, the state in which edema begins to resolve but the affected area remains firm is known as _____________.

Back 18

grey hepatization

Front 19

__________ is the term for pleural effusion that has become infected.

Back 19

empyema

Front 20

What microbe causes most community acquired pneumonia?

Back 20

streptococcus pneumoniae

Front 21

What type of community acquired pneumonia is typically seen in young adults?

Back 21

mycoplasma pneumonia

Front 22

Pneumococcoal pneumonia has symptoms similar to what other type of pneumonia?

Back 22

legionella pneumonia

Front 23

True or false: viral pneumonia can be caused by measles or varicella.

Back 23

true

Front 24

What outdoor fungi can cause fungal pneumonia?

Back 24

histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, cryptococcus, or coccidioidmycosis.

Front 25

True or false: aspergillosis is a type of pneumonia that can affect otherwise healthy people.

Back 25

false

Front 26

Which type of pneumonia occurs in patients who are already hospitalized?

Back 26

nosocomial

Front 27

Nosocomial pneumonia is usually caused by what types of organisms?

Back 27

gram negative bacteria or staphylococcus aureus.

Front 28

Opportunistic pneumonia usually occurs in the ____________ host.

Back 28

immuno-compromised

Front 29

What types of patients are at risk for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia?

Back 29

transplant, post chemotherapy, and AIDS patients

Front 30

Which virus can cause severe pneumonia in the immune compromised patient?

Back 30

cytomegalovirus

Front 31

True or false: The pneumococcal vaccine is very effective in preventing pneumococcal pneumonia.

Back 31

true

Front 32

What types of people should receive the pneumococcal vaccine?

Back 32

patients with chronic medical problems and those above the age of 65

Front 33

Localized accumulation of puss in an area of destroyed pulmonary parenchyma defines an __________.

Back 33

abscess

Front 34

What is the most common cause for abscesses?

Back 34

aspiration

Front 35

What other things can complicate a lung abscess?

Back 35

hemoptysis, empyema or distant infections elsewhere in the body