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152 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hexapoda |
Mandibulate Haustellate Stylets |
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Egg Nymphal stages Adult |
What are the stages of hemimetabolous? |
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Haustellate |
To have 4 wings |
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Egg Larval stages Pupa Adult |
What are the stages of Holometabolous? |
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Menopon |
Shaft louse of fowl |
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Menacanthus |
Body louse of fowl |
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Anoplura |
Ectoparasite of mammals Wingless Dorso-ventrally flattened Tarsi modified for grasping hair shafts Mandibles absent |
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Nits |
Eggs of anoplura that are glues to hair shafts |
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Pediculus humanus capitus |
Human head louse |
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Adult |
What stage of Pediculus humanus capitus is infective to the host? |
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Humans |
What is the definitive host of Pediculus humanus capitus? |
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Pediculus humanus capitus |
Transmits Plica polonica |
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Plica polonica |
Disease in which the hair shaft becomes entangled irreversibly |
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Nitty gritty Lice comb |
What is the treatment for plica polonica? |
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Pediculus humanus capitus |
What parasite does: Cooties Lousy Nitpicking Fine toothed comb Refer to?? |
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Pediculus humanus humanus |
Human body louse |
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Pediculus humanus humanus |
Causes epidemic Typhus |
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Epidemic Typhus |
Rickettsia prowazekii |
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Louse ingests bacteria Bacteria invades gut epithellium Louse ultimately dies |
What is the life cycle of pediculus humanus humanus during epidemic Typhus? |
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Bacteria passed through louse feces, scratched into wound High fever, backache, intense headache, profuse sweating, recovery or death |
How is epidemic Typhus contracted and what does it cause? |
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Epidemic Typhus (Pediculus humanus humanus) |
Can reach 100% mortality |
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Pediculus humanus humanus |
Causes Trench Fever |
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Trench fever |
Transmitted through louse feces High fever, backache, intense headache, profuse sweating, recovery or death Recurrent bouts of fever |
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Louse Borne Relapsing Fever |
Develops in hemocoel of louse Released when louse is crushed against skin; invades bite Recurrent bouts of severe fever and sweating |
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Louse Borne Relapsing Fever (Pediculus humanus humanus) |
Can reach 50% mortality in the under nourished |
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Phthirus pubis |
Human pubic louse |
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Phthirus pubis |
Crabs |
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Haematopinus suis |
Body louse of pigs |
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Cimex |
Wingless, ectoparasite on humans Bedbug |
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Siphonaptera |
Fleas Wingless ectoparasites Laterally compressed Backward facing hairs and ctenidia |
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Pulex irritans |
Human, pig, and rodent flea No ctenidia Ocular bristle below eye |
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Pulex irritans Xenopsylla cheopis |
Causes murine Typhus |
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Ceratophyllus |
Chicken flea (zoonosis on humans) |
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Ctenocephalides |
Dog and cat flea |
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Triatoma Rhodnius |
Vectors for Chagas disease |
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Ctenocephalides |
IH for Hymenolepis and Dipylidium |
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Flea medicine (Fleatrol) |
What is the treat for and infection of Ctenocephalides? |
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Tunga penetrans |
The chigoe flea |
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Tunga penetrans |
Causes Tungiasis |
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Tungiasis |
An inflammatory skin disease caused by and infection with the female ectoparasite tunga penetrans |
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Xenopsylla cheopis |
Oriental rat flea (zoonosis on humans) No ctenidia Ocular bristle in front of eye |
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Yersinia pestis |
What bacterium caused the plague? |
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Flea ingests bacteria, grows in gut Plugs up esophagus When feeding, flea clears esophagus and injects a large number of bacteria |
What is the life cycle of Yersinia pestis inside Xenopsylla cheopis? |
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Buboes |
What is bacteria called when it settles in lymph nodes? |
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Bubonic plague |
Buboes Intense fever, headache, body pain, delirium Bubo becomes necrotic 25-50% fatality |
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Xenopsylla cheopis |
What parasite transmits the bacterium that causes the plague? |
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Septicemic plague |
Bacteria in bloodstream Systemic Causes hemorrhaging Black death |
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Black plague |
Septicemic plague |
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Pneumonic plague |
Bacteria in lungs, spread by coughing Highly contagious Highly fatal |
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Egg Larva Nymph Adult |
What is the life cycle of Arachnida? |
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Anemia Ear infections Dermatosis Paralysis |
What is the general pathology of ticks? |
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Dermacentor |
Wood tick Rocky mountain tick Dog tick |
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Dermacentor |
Males have a patterned back while females do not |
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Small rodent Large rodent Large animal (human) |
What are the hosts for Dermacentor? |
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Dermacentor |
What is the vector for Rickettsia rickettsia? |
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Dermacentor |
Causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Tick Fever |
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Invades celled lining small blood vessels Causes tiny holes in vessel walls; blood leakage (rash) Damages internal organs |
What is the general pathology of Dermacentor? |
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Dermacentor variabilis |
Causes Rocky Mountain Tick Fever in Eastern US |
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Dermacentor andersoni |
Causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Tick Fever in western US |
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Dermacentor occidentalis |
Causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Tick Fever on the west coast |
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Amblyoma |
Lone star tick Transmits Rickey Mountain Spotted Tick Fever |
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Amblyoma |
1 host tick that Transmits Rocky Mountain Spotted Tick Fever |
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Boophilus annulatus |
Transmits Babesia bigemina |
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Ixodes |
Transmits lyme disease |
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Ixodes |
Causes facial palsy |
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Mites |
Small mouth parts No hypostome Feed on lymph |
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Demodex folliculorum |
Human follicle mite |
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Demodex brevis |
Invades Sebaceous glands |
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Trombicula Leptotrombidium |
Chiggers (red bugs) |
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Egg 6 legged larva Attaches to host and feeds Drops off Molts Nymph |
What is the general life cycle of chiggers? |
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Trombicula Leptotrombidium |
Causes chigger dermatitis |
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Leptotrombidium |
Transmits Rickettsia tsutsugamushi |
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Rickettsia tsutsugamushi |
Scrub Typhus Affects spleen and nervous system 6-60% fatal |
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Sarcoptes scabiei |
Causes scabies |
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Demodex canis |
Red mange Demodex mange Dog follicle mite |
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Demodex canis |
Occurs in conjunction with Staphlococcus bacteria Hair loss around muzzle, eye, paws Pustules, foul smelling exudates Difficult to treat |
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Sarcoptes |
Causes sarcoptic mange |
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Sarcoptes |
Mite has long skinny appendages and a small body Causes sarcoptic mange |
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Chorioptes |
Chorioptic mange of cattle and horses |
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Psorptes |
Causes Psoroptic mange of sheep, cattle |
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Chorioptic mange |
Causes mange on the hooves of cattle |
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Otodectes |
Ear mite of cats and dogs |
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Dermanyssus |
Chicken mite (zoonosis on humans) |
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Liponyssoides |
House mouse mite |
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Liponyssoides |
Transmits rickettsial pox |
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Pyemotes |
Straw straw-itch mite Grain itch mite Mite of grain beetles ( zoonosis on humans) |
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Varroa destructor |
Varroa mite of honey bees |
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Acarapis woodi |
Tracheal mite of honey bees |
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Tse tse fly |
Vector for trypanosoma brucei |
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Tabanus |
Transmits trypanosoma evansi (surra) Horse fly |
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Lutzomyia Phlebotomus |
Vector for Leishmania Sand flies |
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Simulium |
Vector for Onchocerca volvulus Black fly |
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Chrysops |
Deer fly Vector for loa loa |
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Culex |
Transmits Equine encephalitis |
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Aedes Mansonia Anopheles |
What are the vectors for Wucheraria bancrofti? |
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Aedes |
What is the vector for Dirofilaria immitis? |
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Aedes |
Transmits yellow fever |
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Anopheles |
Vector for plasmodium |
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Musca domestica |
Mechanical transmission of up to 90 different human diseases |
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Typhoid Cholera Polio Hepatitis Salmonella Leprosy Anthrax Tuberculosis Helminth eggs |
What are all the things Musca domestica can transmit? |
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Hippelates Siphunculina |
Eye gnats |
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Eye gnats Hippelates Siphunculina |
Transmits pink eye Transmits bovine mastitis |
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Melophagus ovinus |
Sheep ked |
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Facultative myiasis |
Parasitism not required for completion of life cycle |
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Obligate myiasis |
Parasitism required for life cycle |
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Myiasis |
Infestation with maggots |
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Phaenica Lucillia |
Blow flies Bottle flies Filth flies |
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Phaenicia Lucillia |
Produce allantoin |
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Phaenecia Lucillia |
Metallic green fly |
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Medical myiasis |
Maggot therapy |
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Cochliomyia |
Screw worm |
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Gasterophilus |
Stomach bot of cattle |
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Hypoderma |
Warble fly Gad fly Cattle grub |
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Cow saliva |
What causes the eggs of Gasterophilus to hatch? |
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Hind legs |
Where are the eggs of Hypoderma found on cattle and horses? |
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Paralysis Organ damage |
What is the pathology of hypoderma? |
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Gadding |
Coordinated running of cattle |
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Oestrus ovis |
Sheep nasal bot |
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Cuterebra |
Skin bots |
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Cordylobia anthropophaga |
African Tumbu fly |
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Dermatobia |
Human skin bot |
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Joined appendages Metammeric segmentation Body Cavity: hemocoel with hemolymph Exoskeleton of chitin Metamorphasis |
What are the characteristics of the Anthropoda phylum? |
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Ecdysis |
Molting |
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5 |
How many mandibles does the crustacea subphylum have? |
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3 and 4 |
How many maxillae does the crustacea subphylum have? |
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6 |
How many maxilliped does the crustacea subphylum have? |
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Instars |
Immature stages between molts |
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Diphyllobothrium Proteocephalus ambloplites Dracunculus medinensis Gnathostoma |
What are copepods the intermediate hosts for? |
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Ergasilus |
Ectoparasite of freshwater fish Antennules modified for grasping; attach to gill filament Capable of swimming Reduced abdomen Mouth parts modified for slicing host tissue |
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Eggs released Nauplius and all 5 copepodid stages are free living Only adult females are parasitic Enlarged egg sacs |
What is the general life cycle of Ergasilus? |
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Caligus |
Ectoparasite of the skin and gills of fish Dorso-ventrally flattened Reduced abdomen Capable of swimming Attachment by antennae, mouth parts, and flattened carapace Mouth parts slice "food tube" siphons up tissue |
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Eggs released, Nauplius, Copepod Both males and females are parasitic Females with enlarged egg sacs Maxillipeds used to excavate cavity Head end inserted, frontal filament extrudes, attached to head Copepod back out reeling out frontal filament Molts into chalimus larva 4 chalimus stages then adult detaches from frontal filament Crawls over host and feeds |
What is the general life cycle of Caligus? |
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Salmincola |
Adult females attach to fish host by non-living bulla |
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Egg, nauplius, 1st copepod Attach to host with antennae and mouth parts, maxillipeds excavate cavity Frontal filament extruded, attaches to head, backs out Chalimus, 4 chalimus stages, final chalimus with large frontal organ 4th stage chalimus breaks free, crawls over host, excavate cavity, extrudes bulla Maxillae cemented to bulla, creates radios around which adult female feeds Female loses all external anthropod characteristics Males have no bulla |
What is the general life cycle of Salmincola? |
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Hemorrhage Infection |
What do the bulla of Salmincola cause? |
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Lernaea |
Anchor worm Parasite of fish |
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Modified cephalothorax that serves as anchor |
How does Lernaea attach to its host? |
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Eggs released, nauplius, 2 free living copepodid stages Settles in fish gills/skin Last 3 copepodid stages parasitic (no chalimus larvae Adult female is copepod-like initially Burrows head end into host Sheds exoskeleton; loses all segmentation and appendages Transforms into parasite |
What is the general life cycle of Lernaea? |
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Hemorrhage Secondary infection |
What does the anchor or Lernaea cause in the host? |
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Lernaeocera |
Parasitic fish of Atlantic cod and flounder Attachment by anchor-like cephalothorax |
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Atlantic cod |
What is the definitive host of Lernaeocera? |
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Flounder |
What is the intermediate host of Lernaeocera? |
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Nauplius, copepodid Attaches to flounder, chalimus Adult female detaches, free living Attaches to cod host Radical metamorphasis, all anthropod characteristics lost Cephalothorax becomes root-like anchor embedded in major blood vessel or heart |
What is the general life cycle of Lernaeocera? |
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Sarcotaces |
Internal parasite of fish, encysted in muscles Feeds on blood of host Makes very tiny, mashed against side of cyst Most highly modified copepod |
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Argulus |
Modified maxillae "suction cups" Proboscis Fish lice |
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Female detached, swims to substrate; lays eggs Eggs hatch into juvenile (no naupliar or larval stages) Swim to host |
What is the general life cycle of Argulus? |
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Skin and gills of fish host |
What part of the body does Argulus damage in fish? |
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Succulina carcini |
Barnacle parasite if crabs and lobsters External gonadal mass |
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Succulina carcini |
Has an external gonadal mass Barnacle parasite of carbs and lobsters |
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External gonadal mass releases nauplius larvae Cyprid larva Attaches to crab host by antennae; sheds abdomen, appendages, leg muscles and most structures All is shed except carapace and undifferentiated mass of tissue, kentrogon Kentrogon functions as hypodermic syringe, injects tissue mass Grows; proliferates throughout host's body Central mass of parasite weakens exoskeleton of crab; breaks open and central mass is extruded Gonadal mass attracts male cyprids Male cyprid extrudes a mass of cells, trichogon Trichogon migrated into receptacles in female and produce sperm |
What is the general life cycle of Sacculina carcini? |
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Cryptogonochorism |
The process of migration of trichogon into receptacles in female to produce sperm |
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Tissue and nerve damage Prevents molting of host Parasitic castration Feminization of host |
What effect does Sacculina carcini have on the host? |
