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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is an epicardial pacemaker?
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a type of temporary pacemaker used when the wires are swen into the myocardium and pulled through the chest wall
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when is an epicardial pacemaker used?
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commonly used after heart surgery
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what is a transcutaneous pacemaker?
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a pacemaker used where the patches are placed on the skin to deliver an electrical current similar to CPR pads through which the pacing stimulus can be delivered.
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when is a transcutaneous pacemaker used?
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commonly used in emergent needs, during bradydysrhythmias
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what is a transvenous pacemaker?
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a pacemaker in which the leads are threaded into a vein and into the heart where electric impulses can be delivered.
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when is a trasvenous pacemaker used?
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during acute MI, in less emergent dysrhythmias until a permanent pacemaker is placed
during a 2nd degree heart block to suppress ectopy |
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when are permanent pacemakers used?
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-sinus node dysfunction
-3rd degree AV block -fibrosis or sclerotic changed of the conduction system ( w/ age) -2nd degree type II heart block -hypersensitive carotid sinus syndrome -chronic atrial fibrillation w/ slow ventricular response 0tachydysrhythmis 0bifascicular block |
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when are temporary pacemakers used?
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-post op or pre-op
-acute anterior MI w/ 2nd or 3rd degree heart block -support CO - to over-drive tachydysrhythmias - to suppress ectopic atrial or ventricular rhythm -electrophysiology studies |
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what is 1st degree heart block?
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- Av conduction is excessively slowed. PR Longer than .20
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common causes of first degree Heart block are?
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digoxin toxicity, hyperkalemia, inc. vagul tone, and MI
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2nd degree type I heartblock is what?
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av confuction is incompletely (occasionally) blocked
-Pr interval gets longer and longer until no QRS happens |
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common causes of 2nd degree heart block type I?
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MI or digoxin toxicity
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what is 2nd degree type II heart block?
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-av conduction is incompletely (occasionally) blocked
-QRS fails to show up after P wave, PR interval greater than .20 each time - more serious that type I, need a pacemaker |
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what is 3rd degree heart block?
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a complete heart block- av conduction is completely blocked. complete disassociation between atria and ventricle
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what casues a 3rd degree heart block?
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digoxin toxicity
Mi aging |
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treatment of 3rd degree heart block is?
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atropine, mg dose given. help to inc. qrs complex
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what is competition?
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when the pace and the heart are competing for the impulse. sometimes it is best to turn off the pacemaker when this happens- if the pt is stable.
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what is failure to fire?
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when no pacer spike is seen.
no p wave- it didn't fire |
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what commonly causes failure to fire?
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battery is dead
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what is failure to sense?
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the pacer doesn't recognize spontaneous (intrinsic) activity and fires inappropriately. pacer spike and QRS are dissociated
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what is failure to sense caused by?
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lead fracture
battery failure movement of electrode- upper limbs |
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what is failure to capture?
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when the electrical current to the myocardium is insuffiecient to produce contraction. pacer spike w/o QRS.
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what is failure to capture caused by?
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lead fracture, battery failure, electrode movement, or fibrosis at the electroode tip
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what wire is located to the right of the sternum?
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the atrial wire
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which wire is located to the left of the sternum
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the ventricle
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what is a synchronous pacemaker?
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demand pacers that responds to the hearts activity
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what is an asynchronous pacemaker?
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a fixed rate pacemaker that fires no matter what the heart is doing
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