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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cardinal signs of infection
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Rubor, Tumor, Calor, Dolor, Loss fcn
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What are the triggers of inflammation?
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infection, trauma, physical/chemical agents, necrosis, foreign body, hypersensitivity
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Charac of acute inflamm
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Rapid onset, short duration, dilate vessels,inc permeability, inc flow, exudate fluid & protein, leukocyte recruitment & activation
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Cellular components of acute inflamm
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Margination, adhesion, chemotaxis, phago
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Purpose of vascular changes?
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Max plasma proteins & inflammatory cells to the site of injury
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What causes vasodilation?
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histamine & NO-> heat & redness
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What causes swelling?
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Inc permeability-> efflux of protein rich fluid into extravascular space. Inc hydrostatic pressure & inc tissue osmotic pressure
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What causes stasis?
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Inc viscosity secondary to fluid loss-> leukocytes collect & marginate through extravascular space
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What cause leaky endothelium?
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Endothelial gaps, directendothelial injury, delayed prolonged leakage, leulocyte ,ediated injury, inc transcytosis, leakage form new vessels
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Diff b/w exudate & transudate
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Exudate is high in proteins, cellular debris, high specific gravity, & charac of local disease. Trasudate is ultrfiltrate of plasma, low protein, lower SG, & charac of systemic disease
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Components of extravasation?
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Margination, rolling, & adhesion, diapedesis, chemotaxis, phago & degranulate
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What is margination?
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Due to stasis, leulkocytes fall out of the central axial stream & bind to the endothelium
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What mediates rolling?
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Selectins form low affinity bonds w/ sialyl-Lewis Xmodified glycoproteins: E is on endothelium, L on leukocytes, & P is on plts
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What mediates adhesion?
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Integrins on leukocytes bind ICAM1 or VCAM1. High affinity bond
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What mediates transmigration?
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Chemokine induced activation of the leukocytes-> spread put bind CD31 (PECAM-1) @ endothlial jcn. WBC secret collagenase
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What causes Leukocyte adhesion deficiency 1?
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Defective integrins
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What causes leukocyte adhesion deficiency 2?
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Absence of Sialyl-Lewis X; inability to bind E-selectin
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What is chemotaxis?
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Migration through tissue to injury
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What mediates chemotaxis?
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Exogenous chemoattractants (bacterial products) & endogenous chemoattractants (leukotriene B4, Complement components C5a, cytokines)
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Mech of chemotaxis
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Chemoattractants bind G-proteins on WBC->PLC->IP3->inc Ca-> actin polymerization
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What enhances phago engulfing
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Opsonization by IgG, C3b, and certain lectins
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What is the most efficient bacterial system in neutrophils?
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Myeloperoxidase (MPO)- H2O2 +2Cl-> HOCl
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What are some oxy-independent mech?
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Bacterial permeability inc protein, Lysozyme, lactoferrin, MBP (eosinophils), Defensins
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What is Chediak-Higashi syndrome?
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defective enzyme tranfer to phagcytic vesicles
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Chronic granulomatous disease?
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Defent in NADPH oxidase
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