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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what does SCALP stand for
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S-skin
C-connective tissue A-aponeurosis L-loose connective tissue P-pericranium |
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the aponeurosis is between what muscles
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occipitofrontalis (frontal and occipital bellies) and superior auricular muscle
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what part of the SCALP is a broad flat tendon between two muscles
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aponeurosis
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what allows the scalp to move
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loose connective tissue
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what is the outer layer of the periosteum
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pericranium
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what coats the cranium itself
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pericranium
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what are the portions of the skull
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neurocranium
viscerocranium |
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what is the neurocranium and what bones compose it
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bony covering of the brain
composed of 8 bones: frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, ocipital, temporal, parietal |
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what is the viscerocranium and what bones compose it
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facial skeleton
consists of 15 bones: mandible, nasal, lacrimal, zygomatic, maxilla, palintine |
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what are fontanelles
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wide spaces at the junction of two bones, this is found in the fetal skull
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what does a bulging fontanelle and sunken fontanelle indicate
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bulging - increased intracranial pressure
sunken - dehydration |
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what are the external structures of the ear
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Auricle(pinna): helix, concha, tragus, lobule
external auditory meatus (external ear canal) - S shapped |
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what are the properties of the external auditory meatus
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terminates at the tympanic membrane
parts of it are attached directly to bone |
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why would someone feel nauseated if you stuck a q tip too far into their ear
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parts of the ear canal are innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X) which also innervates the abdomen
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what are the middle ear structures
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tympanic membrane
auditory ossicles - malleus, incus, stapes muscles - tensor tympani, stapedius eustachain tube |
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what are the properties of the tympanic membrane
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oridnarily translucent and pearly gray
contains: the cone of light, umbo, pars flaccida, pars tensa |
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what are the properties of the auditory ossicles
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composed of malleus, incus, stapes
stapes is attached to the oval window oval window is smaller than TM but through sound transmission through the bones sound is amplified 10x |
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what are the muscles in the middle ear
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tensor tympani - INNERVATED BY CN 5 (trigeminal never)
-contraction of this muscle causes tensing of the TM and DECREASES AMPLITUDE of sound to prevent damage stapedius - INNERVATED BY CN 7. DECREASES RANGE OF OSCILLATION |
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what is the pharyngotympanic tube
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eustachain tube
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what are the properties of the eustachian tube
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connects middle ear to pharynx
EQUALIZES PRESSURE IN THE MIDDLE EAR |
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what are the inner ear structures
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bony labrinth - cochlea, semilunar canals, utricle/saccule
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what part of the bony labyrinth is responsible for sensing rotational motion like driving in a curvy road
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semilunar canals
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what part of the bony labyrinth is responsible for sensing linear motion like car acceleration
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utricle and saccule
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what part of the bony labyrinth is responsible for hearing
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cochlea (has hairs of varrying sizes that once they fibrate send signal to the brain telling us the frequency of the sound.)
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what are the functions of the nose
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olfaction
humidification of air respiration filtration of dust |
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what are the external structures of the nose
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apex
nares cartilage nasal bones |
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what is the nasal septum formed by
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cartilage and bone
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why are you suppose to spray nasal sprays towards to sides of the nose and not the septum
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the septum is highly vascularized and damage to it can result in nose bleeds
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what forms the lateral walls of the nasal cavaties
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concha
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what is the function of the Concha (Turbinates)
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increase surface area of nasal cavity (allow for humidification, filtering, and warming of the air)
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what part of the nose allows us to tell how well a pt is doing
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concha
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what part of the concha is not visibule upon examination
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superior nasal concha
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what part of the nose contains foramina for olfactory nerve CN 1 fibers
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roof of nasal cavity
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damage to what nerve results in loss of smell
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olfactory nerver (CN1)
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in the nose what is the purpose of the Mucous Membrane
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warm and moisten air
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in the nose what is the purpose of the Paranasal sinuses
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lighten the skull
contributes to mucous secretion of cavity |
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why would someone get the urge to sneeze at the sight of bright light
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due to the crossing of the olfactory nerve and the optic nerves
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what nerve innervates the facial muscles
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CN 7
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what facial muscle ELEVATES THE EYEBROWS AND WRINKLES SKIN OF FOREHEAD
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occipitofrontalis (frontal belly)
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what facial muscle RETRACTS THE SCALP
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occipitofronalis (occipital belly)
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what facial muscle CLOSES YOUR EYELIDS
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Orbicularis Oculi
palperbral part - closes eyelid gently orbital part - closese eyelids tightly (winking) |
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what facial muscle CLOSES THE MOUTH AND COMPRESSES AND PROTRUDES THE LIPS OR RESIST DISTENSION
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orbicularis oris
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what facial muscle PRESSES CHEEK AGAINST MOLAR TEETH
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buccinator
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what facial muscle DEPRESSES MANDIBLE AND TENSES SKIN OF FACE AND NECK TO CONVEY TENSION
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platysma
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what cranial nerve is the facial nerve
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CN 7
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what is Bell's Palsy and what happens
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injury to the CN 7 which results in paralysis of some or all of the facial muscles on one side of the face
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what are the muscles of mastication
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temporal
masseter lateral pterygoid medial pterygoid |
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what innervates the muscle of mastication
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mandibular division of Trigeminal nerve (CN V3)
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when can you palpate the temporal muscle
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when teeth are clinched
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what are the actions of the temporal muscle
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elevates the mandible (closing jaws)
retracts mandible |
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what are the actions of the masseter muscle
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elevates mandible
bulges when teeth are clinched |
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what are the actions of the lateral pterygoid muscle
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protrussion of the jaw
swings jaw to opposite side LATERAL CHEWING MOTION |
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what are the actions of the medial pterygoid
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elevates the mandle
acts synergistically with massetar muscle |
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how many permanent teeth does an adult have and how many deciduous teeth does a child have
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child 20
adult 32 |
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what gland produces saliva
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parotid (CN 9)
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what gland causes you to squirt saliva
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submandibular gland (CN 7)
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when doing an examination what does the uvula position tell us
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it should be midline but IF IT PULLS TO A SIDE that side still has good nerve/motor fxn but the other side has motor damage
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where is the submental node located
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behind the chin
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where is the submandibular node located
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posteriorly to the mandible on the inferior aspect of the jaw
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where is the buccal node located
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on the cheeck posterioly to the mouth
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where is the deep cervical node located
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behind and under teh SCM
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where is the superficial cervical node
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above the SCM inferior to the ear
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where is the post auricular (mastoid or retroauricular) node located
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posteriorly to external ear
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where is the pre auricular (parotid) node located
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anteriorly to the external ear
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where is the occipital node located
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at the base of the skull on the posterior aspect
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