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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Dekleyn's Test |
Tests for: basilar insufficiency Examiner passively extends and rotates head, holds for 30 seconds Positive: nystagmus, nausea, sensory disturbances |
Not performed |
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Sharp-Purser Test |
Tests for: sublaxation of the atlas on the axis Examiner places hand on patients forehead and patient actively flexes head Positive: head sliding or clunking |
Not performed |
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Spurling's Test |
Tests for: foraminal compression, facet sprain 1. Examiner places hands on top of patient's head and pushes down 2. Head is extended and pushed down again 3. Extended and rotated to unaffected side, pushed down 4. Extended and rotated to affected side, pushed down Positive: neck pain radiating into arm |
Performed if patient has a history of nerve root symptoms |
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Maximal Cervical Compression |
Tests for: foraminal compression, neural involvement Patient side bends head one way and rotates it to the same side. Examiner applied compression Positive: neck pain radiating into arm |
May place VA in compression |
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Wright's Test |
Tests for: Tx outlet syndrome (compression in costoclavivular space) Examiner locates radial pulse and holding pulse, abducts patient's arm. Patient may look away or take deep breath Positive: diminished pulse |
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Allen's Manoeuvre |
Tests for: Tx outlet syndrome (compression of axillary artery by pec minor) Examiner locates radial pulse and holding pulse, moves elbow to 90* abduction and ER Positive: diminished pulse or pulse disappears |
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Adson's Test |
Tests for: Tx outlet syndrome (interscalene compromise) Examiner locates radial pulse. Patient turns head towards test side and examiner abducts patient's arm Positive: diminished pulse or pulse disappears |
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Military Posture Test |
Tests for: Tx outlet syndrome (compression in costoclavivular space) Examiner locates radial pulse on both sides, then passively draws patient's arms downwards and backwards Positive: absence of pulse or diminished pulse |
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Slump Test |
Tests for: neurological dysfunction, disc injury 1. Patient slumps forwards, head and neck facing forward 2. Overpressure of trunk flexion is applied by examiner 3. Patient brings chin to chest 4. Knee is actively extended 5. Ankle is dorsiflexed Positive: reproduced pain at any step, excess knee extension and symptoms decreasing with neck extension indicate neuromeningeal tract |
Positive test must reproduce patient's symptoms |
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Valsalva Manoeuvre |
Tests for: suspected neural involvement, sciatica or disc injury Positive: pain, intrathecal pressure |
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Brudinski-Kernig Test |
Tests for: meningeal irritation, nerve root or dural irritation Patient flexes chin to chest, raises extended leg at the hip until pain is felt. At this time, knee is flexed Positive: pain disappears on knee flexion |
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Femoral Shear Test |
Tests for: SIJ dysfunction Examiner flexes patient's knee and hip, compresses down towards table in 4 quadrants Positive: SIJ pain |
Supine variation of hip quadrant test |
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Erichsen's Test |
Tests for: SIJ involvement Examiner interlaces fingers and cups lateral aspects of sacrum Positive: pain |
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Neer's Impingment Test |
Tests for: Impingment via supraspinatous/bicipital tendonitis or impingment syndrome Examiner passively raises pronated arm into flexion (slightly abducted) until arm is proximal to ear Positive: anterior or deep shoulder pain |
Also a test for rotator cuff |
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Cross-body Adduction Test |
Tests for: AC/GH joint dysfunction Examiner flexes shoulder to 90°and adducts across chest Positive: pain at AC joint |
This test impinges the AC |
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Empty Can Test |
Tests for: supraspinatous tendonitis Examiner abducts arm to 90° in scapular plane, first resists flexion with arm pronated, then supinated Positive: pain in the shoulder, supraspinatus pain |
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Infraspinatus/Teres Minor Test |
Tests for: infraspinatus and teres minor weakness Examiner flexes shoulder and elbow to 90°, resists ER Positive: pain |
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O'Brien's Test |
Tests for: labral involvement Examiner flexes arm to 90° and horizontal adducts 30°. Arm is internally rotates and resists downwards force. Repeated with external rotation Positive: pain brought on with IR/pronation and relieves with ER/supination |
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Speeds Test |
Tests for: bicipital tendon injury (related to labrum injury) Examiner resists flexion with patient's arm extended (supinated then pronated), then flexes arm to 90° and repeats the process Positive: pain in bicipital groove, particular in supination |
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Serratus Anterior Weakness |
Tests for: serratus anterior weakness or paralysis Patient flexes arm to 90° (punch position) and examiner applies backwards force to arm Positive: medial border of scapula winging |
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Yergason's Test |
Tests for: ability of transvere humeral ligament to hold bicipital tendon in groove Patient flexes elbow to 90° and keeps elbow at side. Examiner resists supination and external rotation Positive: snapping, clicking, or pain in groove |
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Load and Shift Test |
Tests for: instability Examiner axially loads patient's arm (10-15° abduction) and translates anteriorly and posteriorly Positive: excessive movement in either direction |
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Upper Limb Tension Test 1 |
Shoulder – depression and abduction(110°) Elbow – extension Forearm – supination Wrist – extension Fingers and Thumb – extension Cx Spine – contralateral sidebending Nerve bias: median nerve, anterior IO nerve (C5,6,7) |
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Upper Limb Tension Test 2 |
Shoulder – depression and abduction (10°) Elbow – extension Forearm – supination Wrist – extension Fingers and Thumb – extension Shoulder – external rotation Cx Spine – contralateral sidebending Nerve bias: median Nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, axillary nerve (C5,6,7) |
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Upper Limb Tension Test 3 |
Shoulder – depression and abduction (10°) Elbow – extension Forearm – pronation Wrist – flexion and ulnar deviation Fingers and Thumb – flexion Shoulder – internal rotation Cx Spine – contralateral sidebending Nerve bias: Radial Nerve |
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Upper Limb Tension Test 4 |
Shoulder – depression and abduction (10-90°) (hand to ear) Forearm – supination Wrist – extension and radial deviation Fingers and Thumb – extension Shoulder – external rotation Elbow – flexion Cx Spine – contralateral sidebending Nerve bias: Ulnar Nerve (C8-T1 nerve roots) |
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Cozen's Test |
Tests for: lateral epicondylitis Examiner stabilises elbow with thumb on lateral epicondyle. Patient actively pronates, radially deviates and extends wrist Positive: sudden, severe pain |
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Mill's Test |
Tests for: lateral epicondylitis Examiner passively pronates patient's forearm, flexes wrist, and extends elbow Positive: pain over lateral epicondyle |
Can also be performed actively by patient 'punching backwards' |
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Middle Finger Extension Test |
Tests for: stressed muscle (extensor digitorum) With patient supine and arm pronated, extension of the middle finger is resisted by examiner Positive: pain over lateral epicondyle |
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Medial Epicondylitis Test |
Tests for: medial epicondylitis Examiner passively supinates forearm of patient, extends elbow and wrist Positive: pain over medial epicondyle |
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Elbow Flexion Test |
Tests for: cubital tunnel syndrome (ulnar nerve comprimise) Patient actively fully flexes elbow with extension of wrist and shoulder abduction/depression. Holds this position for 3-5 minutes Positive: tingling or numbness in ulnar nerve distribution |
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Nerves for pinch-grip test and muscles for Finkelstein's |
Pinch-grip test: anterior interosseous nerve Finkelstein's: AbPL & EPBr |
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Lachman Test |
Tests for: ACL injury Examiner places patient's leg into minimal flexion (with towel or pillow) pushes posteriorly on femur and pulls anteriorly on calf Positive: pain, excessive movement |
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Slocum Test |
Tests for: anteromedial rotatory instability (abnormal tibial motion) Positive with IR: movement will occur mostly laterally and will be excessive compared to other side (indicates ACL, LCL, PCL, ITB) Positive with ER: movement will occur mostly on medial side and will be excessive compared to other side (indicates MCL, posterior oblique ligament, ACL) |
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McMurray's Test |
Tests for: meniscus injuries Examiner flexes the knee and hip of patient, internally rotates foot and extends leg whilst provided an external force. Then externally rotates foot and repeats but with an internal force Positive with foot IR: lateral meniscus Positive with foot ER: medial meniscus Positive: flexion pain indicates posterior horn of meniscus, extension pain indications anterior meniscus |
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Bounce Test |
Tests for: meniscus (tearing) Examiner flexes patient's knee and hip, allowing passive extension of the leg Positive: blockage of full extension/pain may indicate torn meniscus |
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Patella Glide Test |
Tests for: passive patellar mobility Patient keeps quads relaxed while examiner moves patella medially, laterally, superiorly and inferiorly Positive: excessive or restricted motion |
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Patella Tilt Test |
Tests for: risk of patellofemoral syndrome Examiner lifts lateral patella away from patient's leg Positive: excessive angle of lift (normal angle is 15°) |
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Patella Grind Test |
Tests for: patellofemoral dysfunction Examiner cups hand around lower femur, pushes patella inferiorly. Patient contracts quads Positive: pain, crepitus |
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Patella Aprehension Test |
Tests for: patella dislocation Examiner flexes patient's knee with own leg, then pulls patient's patella laterally Positive: quad contraction and appearance of apprehension on face of patient |
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Mediopatella Plica Test |
Tests for: patella dislocation Examiner flexes patient's knee with own leg, then pulls patient's patella medially Positive: pain with medial glide |
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Dorsiflexion Manoeuvre |
Tests for: separation of distal tib/fib Examiner passively dorsiflexes patient's foot while stabilising their leg with other hand Positive: reproduction of pain |
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Fibular Translation Test |
Tests for: syndesmotic ankle sprain (issue with syndesmosis) Examiner applies AP force on the fibula at level of the syndesmosis Positive: pain or excessive motion |
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Anterior Drawer Test |
Tests for: instability of the ATFL Examiner grasps heel of supine patient and gently pulls heel forward Positive: excessive anterior displacement |
Dimple sign in front of the lateral malleolus may appear |
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Calcaneal Tilt Test |
Tests for: ligamentous instability Examiner grasps calcaneus in both hands and inverts the foot Positive: excessive movement, pain |
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Talar Tilt and Rock |
Tests for: stability of calcaneofibular ligament Examiner grasps and moves foot into add/abd. Then distracts foot and moves DF/PF Positive: pain or hypermobility |
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Thompson's Test |
Tests for: achillies tendon rupture Examiner squeezes the calf of prone patient, observing for plantar flexion Positive: no plantar flexion |
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Sign of the Buttock |
Tests for: ischial bursitis, neoplasm, buttock abscess and hip pathology Examiner performs SLR and when reaching limitation, flexes the patient's knees, observing for greater hip flexion Positive: hip flexion not increasing, indicates lesion is not sciatic nerve or hamstrings |
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Anterior Shear/Sagittal Stress-Test |
Tests for: integrity of ligaments and capsular structures in Cx Examiner applies anterior force to each Cx SP, feeling for stretch and an abrupt stop Positive: nystagmus, nausea, lump in throat |
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Distraction Test |
Tests for: radicular symptom alleviation Examiner lifts patients head, applying traction to Cx Positive: pain being alleviated, indicating pressured nerve roots |
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Straight Leg Raise indication |
Neural tension |
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Cross Straight Leg Raise indication |
Rules in disc herniation |
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Hawkins-Kennedy Test |
Tests for: supraspinatus tendinitis or impingement Examiner passively flexes patient's shoulder and elbow to 90°, applies internal rotation forcefully Positive: pain |
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Drop-arm Test |
Tests for: supraspinatus Patient slowly lowers arms to waist Positive: sudden uncontrolled drop of the arm |
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Subscapularis Lift-off Test |
Tests for: subscapularis weakness Patient places hand on back against lumbar spine, then lifts hand back as far as possible Positive: unable to lift or maintain lift |
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Belly Press Test |
Tests for: subscapularis weakness Patient places hand on belly, keeps elbow level with hand. Examiner then places their hand in between patients hand and belly. Patient presses down firmly Positive: inability to press, dropping of the elbow, flexing the wrist |
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Anterior Slide Test |
Tests for: slap lesion Patients puts both hands on hips and examiner axially loads the GH joints one at a time Positive: pain with motion |
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Tinel's Sign of the Elbow |
Tests for: nerve compression, neuroma Examiner taps over ulnar nerve in groove between olecranon and medial epicondyle Positive: tingling in hand |
Tingles distal to compression is common entrapment |
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Wrist and Hand deviations |
Both TFL test and Finklestein's deviate to the ulna |
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Long Sitting Test |
Differentiates functional verses anatomical leg length If patient cannot rise symmetrically, indicates pelvis dysfunction or rotation |
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Sign of the Buttock |
If hip flexion is not increased when knee is flexed, the lesion is in the buttock and not the sciatic nerve or hamstring Positive could indicate ischial bursitis, neoplasm, abscess, hip joint dysfunction |
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Ely's Test |
Tests for: rectus femoris tightness Examiner passively flexes the knee of prone patients, as far as possible Positive: hip flexing |
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Apley's Compression and Distraction |
Positive: pain reproduced during compression and alleived during distraction, clicking or popping Pain on distraction only may indicate ligamentous lesion |
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Patella Grind |
Tests for: patellofemoral dysfunction Positive: clicking, pain, crepitus |
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