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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Perception: |
aprocess by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressionsin order to give meaning to their environment. |
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3 factors of perception |
in situation, in perceiver, in the target |
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Attribution theory |
anattempt to determine whether an individual's behavior is internally orexternally caused. |
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Internally |
arethose we believe to be under the personal control of the individual. |
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Externally |
whatwe imagine the situation forced the individual to do. |
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Fundamental attribution error: |
thetendency to underestimate the influence of xternal factors and overestimate theinfluence of interla factors when making judgments about the behavior of others |
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Self serving bias: |
thetendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to interal factorsand put the blame for failures on external factors |
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Selective perception |
thetendency to selectively interpret what one sees on the basis of one'sinterests, background, experience, and attitudes |
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Halo effect |
thetendency to draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of asingle characteristic |
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Contrast effect: |
evaluation of a person's characteristics thatis affected by comparisons with other people recently ecountered who rankhigher or lower on the same characteristics |
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Stereotyping |
judgingsomeone on the basis of ones perception of the group to which that personbelongs |
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Self fulfilling prophecy: |
asituation in which a person inaccurately perceives a second person, and theresulting expectations cause the second person to behave in ways consistentwith the original perception |
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Problem: |
adiscrepancy between the current state of affairs and some desired state |
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Rational: |
characterizedby making consistent, value maximizing choices within specified constraints |
