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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Isomers |
Different compounds that have the same molecular formula Also known as isomeric compounds |
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Constitutional (structural) isomers |
Isomers that differ in the connectivity of their atoms |
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Substitutive nomenclature |
The name of the most widely applied system in use today |
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First Rule of Substitutive Nomenclature of Alkanes |
The unbranched alkanes are named according to the number of carbons |
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Second Rule of Substitutive Nomenclature of Alkanes |
For alkanes containing branched carbon chains, determine the principle chain |
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Principal chain |
The longest continuous carbon chain in the molecule |
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Third Rule of Substitutive Nomenclature of Alkanes |
If two or more chains within a structure have the same length, choose as the principal chain the one with the greater number of branches |
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Fourth Rule of Substitutive Nomenclature of Alkanes |
Number the carbons of the principal chain consecutively from one end to the other in the direction that gives lower number to the first branching point |
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Fifth Rule of Substitutive Nomenclature of Alkanes |
Name each branch and identify the carbon number of the principal chain at which it occurs. |
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Substituents |
This is the name for branching groups in general |
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Alkyl groups |
Substituents derived from alkanes |
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Sixth Rule of Substitutive Nomenclature of Alkanes |
Construct the name by writing the carbon number of the principal chain at which the substituent occurs, a hyphen, the name of the branch, and the name of the alkane corresponding to the principal chain |
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Seventh Rule of Substitutive Nomenclature of Alkanes |
If the principal chain contains multiple substituent groups, each substituent receives its own number. The prefixes di, tri, tetra, and so on, are used to indicate the number of identical substituents |
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Eighth Rule of Substitutive Nomenclature of Alkanes |
If substituent groups occur at more than one carbon of the principal chain, alternative numbering schemes are compared number by number, and the one is chosen that gives the smaller number at the first point of difference |
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Ninth Rule of Substitutive Nomenclature of Alkanes |
Substituent groups are cited in alphabetical order in the name regardless of their location in the principal chain. The numerical prefixes di, tri, and so on, as well as the hyphenated prefixes tert- and sec-, are ignored in alphabetizing, but the prefixes iso, neo, and cyclo are considered in alphabetizing substituent groups |
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Tenth Rule of Substitutive Nomenclature of Alkanes |
If the numbering of different groups is not resolved by the other rules, the first-cited group receives the lowest number |
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Primary carbon |
A carbon that is bonded to one other carbon |
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Secondary carbon |
A carbon that is bonded to two other carbons |
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Tertiary carbon |
A carbon that is bonded to 3 other carbons |
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Quaternary carbon |
A carbon bonded to 4 other carbons |
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Primary hydrogen |
A hydrogen that is bonded to a carbon that is bonded to only one other carbon |
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Secondary hydrogen |
A hydrogen that is bonded to a carbon that is bonded to two other carbons |
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Tertiary hydrogen |
A hydrogen that is bonded to a carbon that is bonded to 3 other carbons |
