Organ Systems In Plants And Animals

Front 1

Organ System

Back 1

A group of organs working together to carry out specific roles and functions.

Front 2

How many organ systems are there in the human body?

Back 2

11

Front 3

Clones (Asexual reproduction).

Back 3

In plants, a single parent produces offspring that are identical to the parent. Does not involve the formation of flowers and seeds or fruits. Natural or artificial.

Front 4

Regeneration

Back 4

In natural asexual production in plants: grow to a new individual from a fragment of a stem, leaf or root.

Front 5

Vegetative reproduction

Back 5

Stems, roots, or leaves that attach to a parent plant produces new plants. Under this are runners (stolons and rhizomes), tubers, bulbs, corms, plantlets.

Front 6

Runners

Back 6

Stolons (aboveground) from which roots of new plants start to grow, rhizomes give rise to a new plant and with modified stem specialized for reproduction (underground).

Hint 6

Strawberry (stolon); ginger, running bamboo (rhizomes)

Front 7

Tubers

Back 7

Underground storage stems from which new plants can grow after a dormant season.

Front 8

Corms

Back 8

Underground stems that contain nodes where new plants may arise.

Hint 8

Banana

Front 9

Plantlets

Back 9

Miniature version of parents plants

Hint 9

Kalanchoe, aloe vera, welcome plant

Front 10

Artificial asexual reproduction

Back 10

When humans manipulate the process of vegetative reproduction; grafting (stems are used), budding (buds are used scions attached to the parent plant).

Front 11

Sexual reproduction

Back 11

-for angiosperms and flowering plants

-producing male and female structures gametes (usually occur in the same flower)

-pollen grains (male gametophyte), embryo sac (female gametophyte)

Front 12

Self pollination

Back 12

Pollen falls from anther to stigma of the same flower.

Front 13

Crossing pollination

Back 13

Transfer of pollen to another plant of the same species (genetic recombination).

Front 14

Seed

Back 14

Developed from an ovule, often with a tough coat that protects the developing plant and its food supply.

Front 15

Fruit

Back 15

As the seed develops, the ovary grows larger and develops into a fruit which is an enlarged ovary of a flowering plants containing seeds.

Front 16

Asexual reproduction

Back 16

In animals:

-Binary fission

-budding

-fragmentation

-regeneration

Front 17

Sexual reproduction

Back 17

In animals:

-syngamy

-conjugation

Front 18

Binary fission

Back 18

Body of an organism divides into new bodies, duplicating its DNA

Front 19

Budding

Back 19

Outgrowths/buds develop on the parent; may break off; hermaphrodites or monoecius organisms.

Front 20

Fragmentation

Back 20

Body is divided into 2 more parts, with each fragment developing into an organism like the parent.

Front 21

Regeneration

Back 21

Detached parts can grow back

Front 22

Syngamy

Back 22

Sexual reproduction, union of gametes (sperm and ovum)

Front 23

Conjugation

Back 23

2 organisms of same species with similar appearance but different biochemical compositions

Front 24

Intracellular digestion

Back 24

Digestion:

-active transport

-diffusion

-phagocytosis

-pinocytosis

Front 25

Active transport

Back 25

Energy is required to transport nutrients across the plasma membranes.

Front 26

Diffusion

Back 26

Movement of nutrient molecules (higher to lower concentration).

Front 27

Phagocytosis

Back 27

Engulfing food nutrients into food vesicles connected into lysosom s which release enzymes for digestion.

Front 28

Pinocytosis

Back 28

Liquid or fluid droplets are taken inside a pinocytotic vesicle.

Front 29

Extracellular digestion

Back 29

Digestion occurs outside the cells of the digestive system (fungi, parasites); some digest decaying/dead organisms or feed off living organisms (saprophytes).

Front 30

Incomplete digestion

Back 30

Complete or incomplete digestion:

-single opening

-both for input and output

-sponges, cnidarians, ctenophores, flatworms

Front 31

Complete digestion

Back 31

Complete or incomplete digestion:

-two openings

-one for input and the other for output

-nematodes, annelids, molluscs, arthropods, and chordates

Front 32

Arthropods develop special mouthparts such as _____ and ______ to release enzymes their prey.

Back 32

Mandibulates and chelicerates

Front 33

Coelom

Back 33

Annelids, mollusks, echinoderms, and chordates develop a _____.

Front 34

Ingestion

Back 34

The process of taking food into the alimentary tract.

Front 35

Propulsion

Back 35

This moves content along the alimentary tract.

Front 36

Digestion

Back 36

This includes mechanical breakdown of food (chewing/mastication), and chemical digestion of food enzymes.

Front 37

Absorption

Back 37

Food substances pass through the walls of some organs and circulates around the body through blood vessels.

Front 38

Borborygmi

Back 38

Gurgling noises your small intestines (not stomach) makes.

Front 39

In immunology, what's GAMED?

Back 39

G- gravida (gravity)

A- awtsayd 😂 (exposed surfaces)

M- Maaga (early stage of infection)

E- Ellergy 😂 (allergies/hypersensitivity)

D- dugo (blood/plasma)

Front 40

Elimination

Back 40

Food is secreted by feces

Front 41

Ingestion

Propulsion

Digestion

Absorption

Elimination

IPDAE

Back 41

Five activities in the digestive system

Front 42

Choanocytes

Back 42

Simplest multicellular animals like sponges have no special organs to facilitate gas exchange but they utilize pores, canals and chambers present in the linings if their body since they have _______.

Front 43

Larger surface area and higher respiration

Back 43

The more complex the hill structure means ________ and _______.

Front 44

Operculum

Back 44

In fishes it covers the gills with covered outrgrowth of their pharynx.

Front 45

Stomata

Back 45

Plants respire through these.

Front 46

Source- Photosynthesis

Respiration- stomata

Glucose and O2 to cell- phloem tissue

Back 46

In plants, what's the source of glucose, how does oxygen enter the organism, and how do glucose get in the cell?

Front 47

Source- digestive system

Respiration- breathing with lungs/gills

Glucose and O2 to cells- circulatory system

Back 47

In animals, what's the source of glucose, how does oxygen enter the organism, and how do glucose get in the cell?

Front 48

Cranial

Back 48

Brain to eyes, mouth, and ears

Front 49

Central

Back 49

Brain to spinal cord

Front 50

Peripheral

Back 50

Spinal cord to limbs

Front 51

Autonomic

Back 51

Spinal cord to organs

Front 52

Back 52

Illustrate the two kinds of Nervous System and their other branches.

Front 53

Afferent pathway

Back 53

Pathway that brings information to the CNS.

Front 54

Efferent pathway

Back 54

Pathway that carries out information from CNS to other parts.

Front 55

Somatic pathway

Back 55

Conveys message to voluntary nerves

Front 56

Automatic pathway

Back 56

Innervates involuntary effectors.

Front 57

Sympathetic nerves

Back 57

Stimulatory (fight or flight)

Front 58

Parasympathetic nerves

Back 58

Calming (rest and digest)

Front 59

Tropism

Back 59

Plants response to external stimulus

Front 60

Phototropism

Back 60

Plants response to light

Front 61

Hydrotropism

Back 61

Plants response to water

Front 62

Geotropism/Gravitropism

Back 62

Plants response to gravity

Front 63

Thigmotropism

Back 63

Plants response to touch

Front 64

Closed circulatory system

Back 64

Blood never gets out into the body cavity. Unidirectional.

Front 65

Open circulatory system

Back 65

Pump blood or hemolymph (due to the mixing with interstitial fluid).

Front 66

Fish ➡ amphibian ➡ reptiles ➡ birds and mammals

Back 66

Evolution of circulatory system

2 chambers ➡ 3 chambers ➡ 3 chambers ➡ 4 chambers

Front 67

Pulmocutaneous circulation

Back 67

Fishes:Gill circulation

Then

Amphibians:?

Front 68

True

Back 68

T/F:

Phloem is always alive and is usually producing sap.

Front 69

False

Xylem dies after a year and solidifies into rings, it is made up of vessels commented from end to end.

Back 69

T/F

Xylem dies after a month and solidifies into rings, it's not made up of vessels commented from end to end.

Front 70

Widen (to accommodate volume)

Back 70

If longitudinal muscles contract and the body shortens, it must ___________.

Front 71

Lengthen

Back 71

If the circular muscles contract and the body thins, it must ________.

Front 72

True

Back 72

T/F:

In plants, their skeletal system is known as support system since they have no bones, and the structural is formed at the cell walls.

Front 73

False

Appendicular skeleton

Back 73

T/F

The axial skeleton consists of the limbs and girdles.

Front 74

True

Back 74

The axial skeleton makes up for our center axis (skull, vertebrae, ribs and sternum).

Front 75

205 bones. Because of ossification: cartilages turn into bones.

Back 75

Newborns:305 bones:adults:?

Front 76

Cartilage

Back 76

A firm but flexible connective tissue that covers and protects ends of long bones. Made up of chondrin.

Front 77

Integumentary system

Back 77

Includes the skin and related structures that cover and protect the bodies of plants and animals.

Front 78

Epidermis, cuticle, plant hairs, and glands.

Back 78

The integumentary system of plants consist of... (4)

Front 79

Vertebrates- skin, scales, feathers, hair/fur, glands

Humans- glands, hair, nails

Invertebrates- shells and exoskeletons

Back 79

The integumentary system of vertebrates, humans and invertebrates are... (5 , 3 & 2)

Front 80

Keratin

Back 80

An insoluble protein in the outer layer of the skin of vertebrates. Helps prevent waterloss.

Front 81

Throughout the body, exterior through sweat pore, clear and salty watery, imperative in regulation of body temp

Back 81

Distribution, opening, secretion, and regulation of body temp of Eccrine gland

Front 82

Limited in areas like axilla and umbilicus, into hair follicle, thick and milky, insignificant in body temp

Back 82

Distribution, opening, secretion, and regulation of body temp of apocrine gland

Front 83

Shoot system (leaves, stems, and flowers) and Root system

Back 83

Two main organ system of plants.

Front 84

Roots

Stems

Leaves

Reproductive organs

Back 84

The four types of plant organs

Front 85

Endocrine system

Back 85

This system controls growth and development, and metabolism. Includes:

-pituitary

-hypothalamus

-thyroid

-adrenals

-pancreas

-ovaries (f)

-testes (m)

Front 86

Plant hormones

Back 86

What are auxins, ethylene, abscisic acid, and gibberellins?