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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. What is necessary in order to be able to perform basic oral surgery?
(three things) What three instrumentation aid in visibility? |
1. Access
2. Visibility 3. Proper instrumentation 1. Proper lighting 2. Proper retraction of oral structures 3. Adequate suction |
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2. What is suction necessary for?
How is the typical suction tip? What is different about a Fraser suction tip? |
To remove saliva, blood and irrigation to aid in visualization
Tip comes with multiple diameter openings Has a hole in the handle part to allow operator some control over force of suction **also has a stylet to help unclog opening |
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3. What is the most common instrument to retract the tongue during routine exodontia?
What else is it used for? |
Mirror
1. Indirect visualization 2. Reflection of light into site of procedure 3. Used during examination |
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4. What are two other instruments to reflect flaps?
What do these retractors help reflect? What do they protect? |
1. Henahan
2. Seldin #23 Reflect a flap away from the surgical site Protect the soft tissue flap from trauma when a bur is used to remove bone and section teeth |
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5. What is an Austin retractor?
What is a Minnesota retractor? What is a Minnesota retractor used? |
Right angle retractor to retract cheek, tongue, or flaps
An offset retractor for retraction of cheeks and flaps Used during upper 3rd molar surgery |
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6. What is a Weider retractor?
What is the difference between an Austin retractor and Weider retractor? |
Large heart shaped and serrated retractor primarily used to retract and control the tongue
Austin - for cheek Weider - for tongue |
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7. What a retractor of soft tissue?
Where is this placed? What does it do? What is necessary when using a towel clip? |
Towel clip
Placed through the anterior portion of the tongue Controls the tongue when a posterior tongue biopsy is needed Profound anterior tongue anesthesia |
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8. What is the primary instrument to create an incision?
What is the most common blade and handle? What can the blade be made of? |
Scalpel blade on a reusable handle
#15 blade and a #3 handle Stainless steel blade or disposable |
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9. For what type of incisions is a #15 blade used to make?
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1. Incisions around teeth and through gingival
2. Through periosteum down to the bone 3. Incise oral mucosa |
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10. What are three other types of blades used for incising tissue?
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1. #11
-sharp pointed -used in stab incisions as in ID of abscess 2. #12 -hooked -used for incision at maxillary tuberosity 3. #10 -used for large skin incisions |
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11. What type of grasp is used with instruments for incising tissue?
What causes blades to dull quickly? When should the blade be changed? |
Pen grasp
**used for balance & control Dulls quickly when it hits bone Change the blade if have to make multiple incisions in multiple locations in the oral cavity |
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12. How must the blade be held when making an incision?
How is the wound edge? What does this do? How is the scalpel moved during incising tissue? |
Perpendicular to the tissue
Create square wound edges Decrease chance of compromising the blood supply Moved by moving the wrist |
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13. What is the most common mucoperiosteal elevator?
How is this instrument? |
#9 Molt Periosteal Elevator
Sharp pointed end and round broader end |
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14. What are the methods of using the periosteal #9 elevator?
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1. Use pointed end starting at dental papilla in a twisting, prying motion to elevate the soft tissue
2. Slip broad end under flap/periosteum & by a push stroke strip the periosteum off the bone **most efficient stroke |
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15. What are three instruments to grasp soft tissue?
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1. Adson tissue forceps
-toothless; teeth 2. Stilles pickup 3. College plier |
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16. What is the adson tissue forcep used to do?
How are Stilles pickup? What are College pliers used for? |
Stabilize soft tissue during some biopsy procedures
**teeth do cause a crushing injury to the soft tissue Longer for posterior mouth Picking up small objects from mouth or the tray **locking or non-locking |
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17. What is a hemostat used for?
Why does a hemostat lock? What else can a hemostat be used to do? (two things) |
Used to clamp a vessel and control hemorrhaging
So can let go of instrument to place a suture around the vessel to tie it off 1. Remove granulation tissue form a tooth socket 2. Pick up tooth or amalgam pieces |
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18. What is the most commonly used instrument to remove bone in dentoalveolar surger?
What type of blades do Rongeur forceps have? What can the Rongeur forceps be used to remove? (four things) |
Rongeur forceps
Both side cutting & end cutting blades 1. Intraradicular bone 2. Outgrowths of bone 3. Boney irregularities after extraction 4. Occasionally small roots |
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19. What other instrument can be used to remove bone?
(three things) Why should the handpiece not exhaust air into the surgical field? Why should the handpiece have high speed and torque? |
1. Bur and handpiece
2. Mallet and chisel 3. Bone file Burs: #8 round bur 557 fissure bur 703 fissure bur Avoid tissue emphysema Allows for rapid cutting of bone and teeth |
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20. When is a mallet and chisel used?
When is a bone file used? How does a bone file look? What type of stroke is used with a bone file? |
Used to remove bony tori and exostosis
Used for final smoothing of bone before suturing of a flap Bone file is double ended with a smaller and larger end Used in a pull stroke |
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21. What are bone curettes?
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Double ended spoon shaped instrument to remove granulation tissue or cysts from a tooth socket
**multiple spoon sizes |
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22. What is a bite block used for?
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1. Keep mouth open
2. Support patients jaw 3. Protect patient's TMJ **TMJ can be damaged if the patient is forced to open too wide |
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23. When is a molt or side action mouth prop used?
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Used in patient who is unable to cooperate as in one who has type IV sedation or general anesthesia
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24. When is irrigation of the surgical site need?
What is a commonly used irrigation instrument? |
After the surgical removal of teeth with a handpiece
Large plastic syringe w/ 18 gauge blunt needle |
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25. What instruments are used for suturing?
How is the needle holder beak? |
1. Needle holder
2. Suture needle 3. Suture material 4. Scissor Beak is crossed hatched to better hold the needle **Short, strong, blunt beak |
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26. What are the two types of suture needle?
Which one passes through soft tissue easier? How is the needle shaped? |
Cutting and taper needle
Cutting needle Small half circle or 3/8 circle **cutting edge extends about 1/3 of the length of the needle |
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27. How is the curved needle held?
Why is the curved needle held this way? (two reasons) |
About 2/3 of the distance between the tip of the needle and the base of the needle
1. Reduce chances of needle bending 2. Allows plenty of needle to pass through the tissue |
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28. What type of material are sutures made of?
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1. Resorbable
2. Non-resorbable -silk -nylon -vinyl -stainless |
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29. What is the most common used suture in the oral cavity?
Why? What are disadvantages? |
3-O black silk
1. Good strength 2. Easy to see 3. Well tolerated by tissue 4. Removed in 5 to 7 days Polyfilament tends to accumulate food debris and wick bacteria |
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30. What are the types of resorbable sutures?
What type of filament are resorbable sutures? What are the disadvantages? (three) |
1. Plain gut - resorbs quickly
2. Chromic gut - lasts 7-10 days **gut derived from serosal surface of sheep's intestine Monofilament 1. No wicking of bacteria 2. More difficult to tie 3. More irritating to tongue b/c stiffer **Use 3-O chromic gut in school |
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31. How are suture scissors?
What are the most commonly used suture scissors for oral surgery? What are two types of scissors for cutting soft tissue? |
Have short cutting edges
Dean scissors Iris and Metzenbaum scissors **can have curved or straight blades |
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32. What are iris scissors used for?
What are metzenbaum scissors use for? |
Fine work
Undermining soft tissue or cutting soft tissue |
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33. What are the three major components of the dental elevator?
What is the working tip of the elevator? What is the blade used for? |
1. Handle
2. Shank 3. Blade Blade Used to transmit force to the tooth, bone, or both |
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34. What are the three basic types of dental elevators?
What is the straight elevator used to elevate? What is the most commonly used large straight elevator? What is the smaller one? |
1. Straight type
2. Triangle or pennant type 3. Pick type Luxate teeth 34S #46 |
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35. What does the concave portion of the blade on a straight elevator face?
What else can a straight elevator be used as? How is a triangular elevator used? |
Faces the tooth that is to be luxated
A wedge Used in a wheel & axel rotation **place in empty socket and rotate to engage the remaining root |
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36. What is a pick type elevator used for?
What is the heavy type? How is this used? |
To remove roots
Crane pick Used as a lever w/ the bone as the fulcrum to elevate roots from their sockety |
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37. What is the root tip pick type elevator?
What are the three components of the extraction forcepts? |
Fine blade to tease out small root fragments
1. Handle -serrated for better grip 2. Hinge 3. Beak |
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38. What are the different types of extraction forceps?
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1. American style
2. English style 3. Maxillary teeth 4. Mandibular teeth |
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39. How is the hinge in American style forceps?
How is the hinge in the English style? How are the beak and handle in maxillary teeth forceps? How are the beak and handle in mandibular teeth forceps? |
Hinge in a horizontal direction
Hinge in a vertical direction Maxillary - parallel to each other Mandibular - right angle to handle |
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40. What is the grip for maxillary forceps?
What is the grip for mandible forceps? For a firmer grip and more rotational force what can be done? What is the greatest source of variation among forceps? How are the beaks designed? |
Palm under handle facing up
Palm on top of forceps Move thumb under handle Beaks Designed to adapt to the root configuration |
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41. How are the beaks on extraction forceps in relation to the long axis of the tooth?
How should the patient be positioned for maxillary extractions? Mandibular extractions? Why should the beak of the extraction forceps be adapt to the root configuration? |
Parallel to the long axis of the of the roots of the teeth
Maxillary roots are parallel to the floor Mandibular root are perpendicular to the floor More efficient extraction and less chance for undesired results |
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42. What extraction forceps are for maxillary anterior teeth?
What extraction forceps are for maxillary pre-molars? |
1. Upper universal #150
2. Upper straight forceps #1 1. Upper universal forceps #150 2. Upper forceps #150A |
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43. What extraction forceps are for maxillary molars?
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1. Offset molar forceps 53R and 53L
2. Maxillary cowhorn forceps 88R & 88L 3. Maxillary offset #210S |
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44. What are maxillary molar forceps 53R and 53L designed for?
How is the beak designed? What are the offset molar extraction forceps used to reach? |
Three rooted maxillary molars w/ a smooth concave surface for palatal roots
Designed so will fit into the buccal bifurcation Easily reach posterior region of the mouth |
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45. What type of molars are maxillary cowhorn 88R and 88L used for?
How is the beak? |
Use in molars where the crown is badly decayed and broken
**many times separation of the three roots occurs & they are removed individually Single pointed beak that fits into bifurcation and a double pointed palatal beak that engages the palatal root |
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46. How is the beak of the maxillary molar 210S extraction forcep?
What is it useful for the removal of? |
Offset shorter beak
Useful for removal of 2nd and 3rd molars w/ conical shaped roots |
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47. How is the beak of maxillary root forceps?
What are maxillary root forceps used for? |
Narrow beaks
Used for removal of separated pre-molar and molar roots |
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48. What mandibular forcep is used for all lower teeth?
What is used for lower premolars? What is used for incisors and premolars? What is used for molars w/ a bifurcation? What is an english style molar forceps? What is #17 lower molar forceps used for? |
Lower universal #151
Lower 151A English style anterior forceps Lower Cowhorn #23 & #87 MD4 Lower molar w/ bifurcation |
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49. How are the beak on mandibular forceps 151A?
What are English style anterior forceps good for the removal of? |
Beaks do not meet
**for lower premolar only Removal of 2nd premolar to 2nd premolar |
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50. How are the beaks on mandibular cowhorn forceps?
What action is used to seat the beaks into the bifurcation of lower molar? What are the pediatric forceps? |
Two pointed beaks
Use a pumping action **action is like a double elevator 150S and 151S |
