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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. What is the difference between how environmental and genetic factors affect tooth abnormalities?
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Environmental affect the portion of the tooth developing at that time
-fever line (hypoplastic defect) Genetics, every tooth is affected equally in both dentitions |
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2. What is amelogenesis imperfecta?
Why is finding the family pedigree difficult for AI? What are the three steps in enamel formation? |
Defect of enamel without systemic disorder
**only enamel Variety of inheritance patterns and parents may have complex dental treatment so not seeing natural appearance 1. Elaboration of organic matrix 2. Mineralization of organic matrix 3. Maturation of enamel |
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3. What are the four types of AI?
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1. Hypoplastic
2. Hypocalcified 3. Hypomaturation 4. Hypomaturation/ hypocalcified |
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4. What is hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta?
What is hypocalcified AI? What is hypomaturation AI? |
Inadequate deposition of enamel matrix
Enamel matrix is deposited but does not mineralize Enamel matrix is deposited, it is mineralized but does not mature to crystaline structure |
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5. How is the enamel in hypoplastic AI?
Which teeth are affected? What is the inheritance pattern? |
Enamel is not formed to full thickness (thin)
Affects all deciduous and permanent teeth AD, AR, X-linked |
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6. What are the clinical features of hypoplastic AI?
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1. Pitted pattern
-buccal surface pits 2. Localized pattern -horizontal rows of pits 3. Smooth pattern 4. Rough pattern 5. Enamel agenesis |
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7. What is the smooth pattern of hypoplastic AI?
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Teeth are tapered
Open contacts Opaque white to brown |
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8. What is the rough pattern of hypoplastic AI?
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Tapering
Open contact White-yellow Rough surface |
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9. What is enamel agenesis?
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Lack of enamel
Tapering Color of dentin |
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10. What are the radiographic features of hypoplastic AI?
Three things... |
1. Thin periphery of radiopaque enamel
2. In agenesis there is total lack of enamel 3. Normal pulp chambers |
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11. What is hypocalcified AI?
What is the inheritance pattern? Which teeth are affected by hypocalcified AI? |
Enamel is easily lost after eruption
*teeth look like this on eruption Inherited AD, AR *AR tends to be more severe Affects all deciduous and permanent teeth |
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12. What are the clinical features of hypocalcified AI?
Four things... |
1. Enamel appears yellow-brown on eruption, later becomes stained brown-black
2. Heavy calculus deposition 3. Irregular occlusal surfaces 4. Anterior open bite |
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13. What are the radiographic features of hypocalcified AI?
Two things.. |
1. Enamel is similar in density to dentin
2. Normal pulp chambers **also normal dentin, roots |
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14. How is the enamel in hypomaturation AI?
What is the pattern of inheritance? Which teeth are affected? |
Enamel is softer than normal and tends to "chip-off" easily
*teeth are normal size but chip off easily Inherited AR, X-linked recessive Affects all teeth in deciduous and permanent dentition |
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15. What are the three patterns of hypomaturation AI?
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1. Pigmented pattern
2. X-linked pattern 3. Snow-capped pattern |
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16. What are the clinical features of the pigmented pattern?
Three things... |
1. Molted, brown surface
2. Enamel can be pierced w/ explored tip 3. No alteration in shape of teeth |
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17. What are the clinical features of the X-linked pattern?
Two things... |
1. Opaque white motting
2. Teeth have normal shapes |
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18. What are the clinical features of the snow-capped pattern?
Three things... |
1. "Denture dipped in white paint"
2. White opaque enamel on incisal or occlusal third 3. Normally shaped |
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19. What are the radiographic features of hypomaturation AI?
Two things... |
1. Reduced contrast between enamel and dentin
2. Normal pulp chambers |
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20. What is hypomaturation/ hypoplastic AI?
What is the pattern of inheritance? Which teeth does it affect? |
Combination of both enamel defects
Inherited AD Seen in both deciduous and permanent teeth |
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21. What are the two patterns of hypomaturation/ hypoplastic AI?
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1. Hypomaturation-hypoplastic pattern
2. Hypoplastic-hypomaturation pattern |
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22. What are the clinical features of the hypomaturation-hypoplastic pattern?
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1. Predominant defect in enamel maturation
2. Mottled yellow-white colors 3. Pits on buccal surfaces |
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23. What are the clinical features of the hypoplastic-hypomaturation pattern?
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1. Mostly enamel hypoplasia
2. Teeth are tapered 3. Open contacts |
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24. What are the radiographic features of hypomaturation/ hypoplastic AI?
Three things... |
1. Reduced contrast between enamel and dentin
2. Thin periphery of enamel in hypoplastic predominant 3. Taurodontism may be seen |
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25. What are the treatment options for amelogenesis imperfecta?
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1. Full coverage to avoid attrition
2. If enough tooth structure, crowns and facial veneers 3. Not enough tooth structure remaining, overdentures |
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26. What is dentinogenesis imperfecta?
What is the inheritance pattern? What can DI also be seen with? |
Developmental defect that affects dentin collagen
Only AD In combination w/ genetic collagen disorder osteogenesis imperfecta |
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27. What is the classification system of DI?
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1. Shields type I / DI
2. Shields type II / hereditary opalescent dentin 3. Shields type III / Brandywine isolate **two systems are Shields and Witkop |
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28. What is Shields Type I or Witkop dentinogenesis imperfecta?
What is Shields Type II or Hereditary Opalescent Dentin? What is Shields Type III or Brandywine isolate? |
Dentin defect plus OI
Dentin defect w/o OI "Shell teeth" currently thought to represent a variation in expression of type III |
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29. What is osteogenesis imperfecta?
How many different types are there? Which one is the most common? |
Inherited connective tissue disorder
Four different types Type I is most common **type II is lethal |
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30. What are the clinical features of OI?
Five things.... |
1. Bone fragility
2. Blue sclera 3. Long bone & spine deformities 4. Hearing loss 5. Teeth abnormalities (DI) |
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31. What are the clinical features of DI?
Four things... |
1. Teeth have blue-brown translucent hue
2. Enamel chips off easily (defect in enamel-dentin junction) **underlying supporting dentin is problem 3. Dentin more susceptible to attrition 4. Constriction at CEJ (bulbous looking crown) |
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32. What are the radiographic features of DI?
Three things... |
1. Bulbous crown, cervical constriction
2. Short, blunt roots 3. Obliteration of pulp chamber and root canals **no pulp chambers! |
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33. What is the "Shell teeth" or Brandywine isolate of DI?
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Thin layer of dentin present in roots only or also in crown
Root resorption Periapical radiolucency More common in deciduous teeth |
