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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Most alkene reactions are?
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An electrophilic addition reaction.
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What is the difference between the major product and minor product?
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Major product- the favored product in a reaction
Minor product- the less stable and less favored product. |
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What is a back donation?
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An electron is shared between two empty p orbitals only in sp^3 orbitals.
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What is the most stable formation?
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Tertiary is the most stable.
3 > 2 > 1 > Methyl. |
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Markonikov's Rule?
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Add the electrophile to create the most stable intermediate carbocation.
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Methyl shifts?
Hydride Shifts? |
Predict the products.
Explain the products. Both rely on kinetics. |
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Isomers are made up of what?
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Constituitional Isomers and Stereoisomers
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Stereoisomers are made up of?
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Configurational (geometric) ex. cis and trans.
Isomers with asymmetric centers |
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Chirality?
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Only changes polarity of molecules when light passes through them.
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Asymetric Centers characteristics?
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1. non-super impossable and mirror images
2. Enantiomers 3. Must have 4 different things attached to the carbon in question. |
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Difference between assymetric center and stereocenter?
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Assymetric centers will be stereocenter but stereocenter will not always be assymetric centers (chiral).
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What is the R direction?
S direction? |
R = right, clockwise
S = left, counter |
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How are fisher projections set up?
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Horizontal things are in front. Vertical attachments are in the back.
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What is a halohydrin?
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It is a 2-bromo-1-cyclopentanol.
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CH2 Cl2 means what in a reaction?
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There is no water in the reaction.
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What are the steps of Oxymercuration?
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1. Hg (OAc)2, H20/THF
2. NaBH4 |
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Addition of Peroxyacid produces what?
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Oxirane (also called Epoxide).
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Catalytic Hydrogenation does what?
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Turns an alkene into an alkane.
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What are diastereosomers?
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Non-super impossable and non-mirror images.
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Meso Compound?
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1. molecules are the same in two planes.
2. achiral |
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Two assymetric centers allows for what four choices?
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1. Identical molecule(1R,2R-1R,2R)
2. Enantiomers (1R,2R-1S,2S) 3. Diastereomers(1R,2R-1S,2S) 4. Meso compound (achiral) |
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What are Alkynes bonds made of?
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sp bonds which are linear.
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How should alkynes and alkenes be named when together?
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Equal importance functional groups use lowest number in naming when number are equal use alkene first.
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What has a greater factor on stablilization resonance or inductive?
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Resonance
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Tautamorization?
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Cyclic movement of electrons.
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What is a terminal alkyne?
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Carbon chain with on hydrogen on the end.
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What are Lindler Catalysts?
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Poisoned catalyst which only react with alkynes.
1. Pd/CaCO3 2. Pb(OAc)2 3. Quinoline 4. Ni2B |
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What are disolving metal catalyst?
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1. Na
NH3 2. Li NH3 |
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What does a heterogenous catalyst produce? A homogeneous catalyst?
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1. A cis Alkene
2. A trans alkene |
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How does retrosynthesis work?
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The products are given first and then the reactants are to the right of the reaction which has several lines.
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What will the addition of NaNH2 do to a reaction?
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It will allow for the addition of carbons.
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