Oceanography 9

Front 1

Harmful algal blooms (HAB

Back 1

All of the above are correct.

Front 2

Sources of energy for life in the ocean include

Back 2

All of the above are correct.

Front 3

The process whereby primary producers use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to manufacture their own food in both marine and terrestrial ecosystems is

Back 3

photosynthesis

Front 4

In addition to water and energy, marine primary producers require

Back 4

Both a and b are correct.

Front 5

Nutrients include all the following except __________ which is a trace element micronutrient.

Back 5

iron

Front 6

When marine life is limited due to the lowest supply of any one of the essential requirements for life, the law of the __________ applies.

Back 6

minimum

Front 7

The most deficient resource relative to what is required for life in the ocean is called the __________ factor.

Back 7

limiting

Front 8

Living (biotic) components of marine ecosystems consist of all of the following with the exception of __________.

Back 8

nutrients

Front 9

Non-living (abiotic) components of marine ecosystems consist of all of the following with the exception of __________.

Back 9

consumers, producers, and decomposers

Front 10

Marine ecosystems are made up of __________.

Back 10

All the above are correct

Front 11

In a marine ecosystem, producers __________.

Back 11

synthesize food from components of the abiotic environment

Front 12

In a marine ecosystem, producers __________.

Back 12

All of the above are correct.

Front 13

In a marine ecosystem, consumers __________.

Back 13

All of the above are correct.

Front 14

The following is a major group of phytoplankton:

Back 14

All of the above are correct.

Front 15

Which one of the major groups of phytoplankton takes up CO2 for shell formation?

Back 15

coccolithophorids

Front 16

Which of the following is not true about coccolithophorids?

Back 16

They have properties of both plants and animals.

Front 17

Which of the following statements is not true about dinoflagellates?

Back 17

They have shell plates made of either calcium carbonate or silica.

Front 18

Which of the following is true about bacteria?

Back 18

All the above are correct.

Front 19

Chemical energy rather than sunlight drives primary production in the darkness of the deep ocean. This process is known as __________.

Back 19

chemosynthesis

Front 20

Zooplankton include __________.

Back 20

All of the above are correct.

Front 21

Which of the following are not zooplankton?

Back 21

benthic crabs

Front 22

Decomposers are organisms that __________.

Back 22

All of the above are correct.

Front 23

A marine food web __________.

Back 23

All of the above are correct.

Front 24

Each feeding position in a food chain or food web is known as a __________.

Back 24

trophic level

Front 25

Ecological efficiency refers to the fraction of __________ that is transferred from one trophic level to the next higher trophic level in a food web.

Back 25

energy

Front 26

Ecological efficiency in the ocean averages about __________%.

Back 26

10

Front 27

A steady increase in the concentration of persistent toxins as they move from one trophic level to the next higher trophic level in a food web is known as __________.

Back 27

bioaccumulation

Front 28

Chemosynthesis is a process __________.

Back 28

whereby marine organisms in the absence of sunlight derive energy from substances such as hydrogen sulfide

Front 29

Chemosynthesis __________.

Back 29

All of the above are correct.

Front 30

All the carbon fixed through photosynthesis in a given unit of time is called __________.

Back 30

gross primary production

Front 31

No net primary production occurs __________.

Back 31

All of the above are correct.

Front 32

All the carbon fixed through new production plus regenerated production is known as __________.

Back 32

gross primary productio

Front 33

Primary production in the tropics is relatively low because of ___________.

Back 33

lack of nutrients and too much stratification

Front 34

Primary production in the temperate zones is moderate because of __________.

Back 34

seasonal variations in sun, nutrients, and stratification

Front 35

Primary production in coastal upwelling zones is high because of __________.

Back 35

abundant nutrient supply

Front 36

Primary production in the Arctic Ocean is low because of __________.

Back 36

lack of sunlight

Front 37

Production may be increased in high nutrient, low chlorophyll (HNLC) regions of the ocean by __________.

Back 37

adding micro-nutrients or trace elements such as iron

Front 38

The most numerous organisms in the ocean by far are __________.

Back 38

microbes

Front 39

Microbes are very important in the ocean because they __________.

Back 39

All of the above are correct.

Front 40

Which one of the following reservoirs in the global carbon cycle contains the least amount of CO2?

Back 40

atmosphere

Front 41

CO2 outgassing from the ocean occurs __________.

Back 41

where cold water from deep in the ocean reaches the surface

Front 42

Marine snow, fecal pellets, and aggregates of dead phytoplankton particles constitute __________.

Back 42

particulate organic carbon

Front 43

The "twilight zone" of the ocean __________.

Back 43

is located just below the photic zone in the region of the pycnocline

Front 44

If no photosynthesis or physical or biological pump operated in the ocean, the atmospheric CO2 level would be about __________ ppmv.

Back 44

1000

Front 45

If the biological pump operating in the ocean was perfect, the atmospheric CO2 level would be about __________ ppmv.

Back 45

100

Front 46

The high latitude North Atlantic is a major CO2 oceanic sink because of __________.

Back 46

surface water sinking to the bottom

Front 47

The equatorial eastern Pacific is a major CO2 oceanic source because of __________.

Back 47

upwelled waters subsequently warmed at the sea surface by intense solar radiation

Front 48

The SeaWiFS satellite senses or maps the surface ____________ of the ocean.

Back 48

color/chlorophyll

Front 49

Gas hydrates __________.

Back 49

All of the above are correct.

Front 50

The physical and biological pumps are oceanic components of the global __________ cycle.

Back 50

carbon