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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sonar |
-SOund Navigation And Ranging -device on ship sends sound waves into ocean -the waves bounce off the ocean floor, creating an echo -receiver on ship can tell how far away the ocean floor is by measuring how long it takes for the waves to return to the ship -used to locate underwater objects: shipwrecks, submarines -used to map the ocean floor and helps ships navigate through shallow/rocky waters |
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Radar |
-RAdio Detection And Ranging -picks up any echoes that bounce off an object and uses them to determine the distance, speed, direction of motion, and shape of an object -used to search for ice, land, and other boats and ships |
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Satellite |
-objects in space that revolve around earth or any other planet -most important satellite technology = GPS -uses radar to relay signals for cellphones and television signals |
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Echo/Echolocation |
-sonar send out sound waves and listens for echoes -radar picks up any echoes that bounce off an object -sonar is similar to the form of echolocation that bats and dolphins use. They both emit a sound and listen for echoes |
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GPS |
-Global Positioning System -has 24 orbiting satellites that send out radio signals -used in boats, planes, and small handheld devices by hikers -good for environments with little reference points like deserts and oceans |
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ROVs |
-submersible that doesn't carry passengers thus allowing it to dive deeper than a submarine -controlled by oceanographers aboard a ship using a joystick -must include a video camera and lights allowing the scientists to see and steer -includes sample collecting devices and storage bins so that scientist can test things from the bottom of the ocean -must have strong bodies to withstand the heat and water pressure at bottom of ocean |
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Scuba |
-Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus -in the 1800s, people divers wore a heavy metal/canvas suit attached to a hose that pumped air -it was unreliable because if someone were to step on the hose, the air supply would be cut off |
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Aqua-Lung |
-Jacques Cousteau/Emile Gagnon invented Aqua-Lung -regulates air pressure via mouthpiece -safer than old scuba technology -can go down safely to 75 m |
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Submersibles |
-submarines can carry people down to 4500 m, while ROVs (do not carry passengers) and can go much further -pressurized vehicles with regular air pressure on the inside -have to have strong hulls to withstand the extreme conditions |
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Buoyancy |
-the ability to float -objects must weigh less than the density of the water in order for it to float -the objects has to sink until it has displaced the same weight of water -divers use buoyancy compensators and submersibles use ballast tanks |
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Buoyancy Compensator |
-to sink, divers wear a weighted belt -to float, they pump air from a compressed tank into a buoyancy compensator (a vest that holds air) |
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Ballast Tank |
-submersibles have ballast tanks located in the outer compartment -to sink, the tank fills up eight water -to float, the water is pumped out and replaced with air |
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Water Pressure |
-the pressure of water -increases as you go deeper -at 10 m below the surface, the pressure is already twice as much as it is at the surface -measure in bars or psi -deepest part of ocean is 1086 bars -when swimming, water pressure is when the water above you presses on your body and squeezes he air out of places like ears and sinuses |
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How to survive the extreme conditions |
-darkness -pitch black at bottom of ocean -submersible must be equipped with lights to illuminate the view (LED) -heat -temperature of thermal vent = 400 Celsius -must be made from very strong/heat resistant metal (tungsten) -water pressure -water pressure at bottom of ocean = 1086 bars -must be made with very strong, durable metal (titanium, graphene) |
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Canada's Contributions to Ocean Exploration |
-Newt Suit -invented by phil Nuytten -looks like an astronaut suit -can take humans down safely to 305 m for up to 8 hours -Deep Worker -one-person submersible that has regular air pressure on the inside and allows ha ins to dive deeper for longer -about the size of a sports car -Neptune Project -an underwater observatory currently being developed by Canadian and American scientists -it will be used to help global problems like predicting earthquakes, climate change, and discovering new energy sources |
