Oce 13

Front 1

Charles Darwin suggested that a driving force of evolution was ____.​

Back 1

​isolation

Front 2

How do entirely new genetic traits arise?

Back 2

​spontaneous mutation

Front 3

What is convergent evolution?​

Back 3

​Organisms that evolve to look similar due to environmental conditions

Front 4

Which zone in the ocean contains enough light for photosynthesis?​

Back 4

euphotic zone

Front 5

​Which event is thought to have been a cause for past mass extinctions?

Back 5

​The collision with an asteroid or comet

Front 6

Which of the following is a domain of living things?

Back 6

​Bacteria

Front 7

​Which group are known to have members that are extremophiles?

Back 7

​Archaea

Front 8

How much of the light that reaches Earth's surface is captured by organisms?​

Back 8

​One part in 2,000

Front 9

​What is a source of energy for chemosynthesis?

Back 9

​methane

Front 10

​What absorbs sunlight in primary producers?

Back 10

​chlorophyll

Front 11

What is the primary need for living matter to function?​

Back 11

​energy

Front 12

Which reaction occurs during photosynthesis?​

Back 12

​Oxygen is produced.

Front 13

What is a heterotroph?​

Back 13

​An organism that consumes food from other organisms

Front 14

Which are the primary molecules of heredity?​

Back 14

nucleic acids

Front 15

What does a food web illustrate?​

Back 15

​trophic relationships

Front 16

How many elements comprise 99% of all the mass of all living things on Earth?​

Back 16

​4

Front 17

What physical factor is considered most important for the success of a marine organism?​

Back 17

​light

Front 18

What is the largest biogeochemical cycle?​

Back 18

​carbon cycle

Front 19

Which are primary nitrogen-fixing organisms in the ocean?​

Back 19

​Cyanobacteria

Front 20

What is the end product of carbon respiration?​

Back 20

Carbon dioxide

Front 21

What primary product is formed during nitrogen fixation?​

Back 21

​Ammonium

Front 22

What is a major source of nitrate to coastal waters?​

Back 22

soil runoff

Front 23

What factor is rarely a difficulty for marine organisms?​

Back 23

iron availability​

Front 24

​What physical factor can damage cell membranes and alter protein structure?

Back 24

​salinity

Front 25

What dissolved gases are required by nearly all marine organisms?​

Back 25

​carbon dioxide and oxygen

Front 26

What is the primary cause of oxygen depletion in the disphotic zone?​

Back 26

​heterotrophic respiration

Front 27

How deep is the photic layer in typical coastal waters?​

Back 27

100 meters

Front 28

​What is the average pH of seawater?

Back 28

​8.0

Front 29

In freshwater, a marine animal would be ____.​

Back 29

​hypertonic to its surroundings

Front 30

What type of transport is able to move against normal concentration gradients?​

Back 30

​active transport

Front 31

Once living organisms reach a balance with their environment, they do not undergo any more natural selection.​

Back 31

False

Front 32

All life on Earth is fundamentally the same.​

Back 32

True

Front 33

Although ectotherms can tolerate large ranges in external temperature, they are unable to sustain large fluctuations in their internal temperatures.​

Back 33

False

Front 34

Linnaeus was the first to start classifying organisms.​

Back 34

False

Front 35

Taxonomy is the study of biological classification.​

Back 35

True

Front 36

It has been suggested that Archaea may be more closely related to Eukarya than Bacteria.​

Back 36

True

Front 37

What distinguishes life from non-life is the ability of living things to capture, store, and transmit energy, as well as reproduce.​

Back 37

True

Front 38

Chemosynthesis is the dominant method of binding energy into carbohydrates on this planet.​

Back 38

False

Front 39

Membranes are considered selectively permeable when they allow only certain kinds of small molecules to pass through.​

Back 39

True

Front 40

Photosynthetic and chemosynthetic organisms can be called either primary producers or heterotrophs because they make their own food.​

Back 40

False

Front 41

The photic zone in coastal ocean water is deeper than the photic zone in open ocean water.​

Back 41

False

Front 42

The trace metal iron is required for photosynthesis, in certain nitrogen fixation enzymes, and in the structure of proteins.​

Back 42

True

Front 43

Coastal water tends to support greater plankton populations than oceanic water does due to nitrate runoff from soil.​

Back 43

​ True

Front 44

Most biological productivity in the ocean occurs in the aphotic zone.​

Back 44

False

Front 45

A change in salinity change can affect the buoyancy of an organism.​

Back 45

True