Oby1Mt3 - Joints And Movement

Front 1

What are the 3 main types of joint?

Back 1

Fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial

Front 2

What are the 2 types of fibrous joint?

Back 2

Suture (between flat bones) and syndesmosis (between long bones)

Front 3

What are the two types of cartilaginous joint?

Back 3

Synchondrosis (between growth plates) and symphysis (in the midline of the body)

Front 4

What are the 3 types of synovial joint?

Back 4

Uni axial (hinge)

Biaxial (ellipsoid)

Multiaxial (ball and socket)

Front 5

What are sutures made of?

Back 5

Dense connective tissue made of collagen

Front 6

Give an example of a syndesmosis joint

Back 6

Interosseous membrane of the radius and ulna

Front 7

What are synchondrosis made of?

Back 7

Hyaline cartilage

Front 8

What are symphyses made of?

Back 8

Fibrocartilage

Front 9

Give an example of a symphysis

Back 9

The intervertebral discs

Front 10

Describe the structure of a synovial joint

Back 10

Front 11

What are the 6 functional classification of joints?

Back 11

Plane

Saddle

Hinge

Pivot

Ball and socket

Ellipsoid

Front 12

What is osteoarthritis?

Back 12

"wear and tear" of articular cartilage between bones, causes direct bone contact which is very painful. Typically affects large bones

Front 13

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

Back 13

Autoimmune disease attacking the synovial membrane, leading to lack of synovial fluid, breakdown of cartilage and bone-bone contact. Typically affects small bones

Front 14

What are the 5 ligaments found in the pectoral girdle?

Back 14

Acromioclavicular

Coracoacromial (supports superiorly)

Coracoclavicular (trapezoid and conoid)

Glenohumeral ligaments (support shoulder anteriorly)

Front 15

What is the glenoid labrum?

Back 15

A cartilaginous rim which surrounds the glenoid fossa to deepen it

Front 16

What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles and what are their actions?

Back 16

Supraspinatus - initial arm abduction

Infraspinatus - lateral arm rotation

Teres minor - lateral arm rotation

Subscapularis - medial arm rotation

Front 17

Which rotator cuff muscles attach to the greater tuberosity?

Back 17

Supra, infra, teres

Front 18

Which rotator cuff muscle attaches to the lesser tuberosity?

Back 18

Subscapularis

Front 19

Draw a diagram of the 3 ligaments of the elbow

Back 19

Front 20

What is special about the lateral collateral ligament in the arm?

Back 20

It doesn't attach directly to the radius, instead attaching to the annular ligament to allow free rotation of the radius

Front 21

What is nurse maids elbow?

Back 21

When the radial head comes out of the annular ligament

Front 22

What type of joints are the distal/proximal phalangeal joints of the fingers?

Back 22

Hinge joints

Front 23

What type of joints are the metacarpophalangeal joints of the hand?

Back 23

Ellipsoid joints

Front 24

What is special about the thumb joint?

Back 24

It is a saddle joint which allows greater freedom of movement and opposition of the thumb

Front 25

What is the acetabular notch?

Back 25

A small deficiency in the inferior acetabulum

Front 26

What is the transverse acetabular ligament?

Back 26

A ligament bridging the acetabular notch to prevent inferior dislocation of femur

Front 27

What is the ligament of the head of the femur?

Back 27

A small ligament coming from inside the acetabulum which supplies the head of femur with blood

Front 28

What are the 3 ligaments of the hip joint?

Back 28

Iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral

Front 29

How do the hip joint ligaments prevent hyperextension?

Back 29

As you stand, the joint extends and the ligaments spiral in tighter, limiting your extension

Front 30

Draw a diagram of the ligaments of the knee

Back 30

+ACL (medial to inner lateral) and PCL (lateral to inner medial)

Also note that the medial collateral ligament is attached to the medial meniscus, so a tear to the medial ligament often results in damage to the medial meniscus too

Front 31

Draw a diagram of the tibial plateau from a superior perspective

Back 31

Front 32

Describe the ankle joint

Back 32

A synovial hinge joint between the talus, tibia and fibula

Front 33

Why is ankle dislocation more common in plantarflexion?

Back 33

Because the talus is thinner at the back, so when you plantarflex, the region of the talus within the malleoli is smaller and the malleoli have less grip. This makes dislocation more likely

Front 34

Name the joint between the talus and calcaneus

Back 34

Subtalar joint

Front 35

How many medial collateral ankle ligaments are there?

Back 35

4

Front 36

How many lateral collateral ankle ligaments are there?

Back 36

3 - anterior talofibular

Posterior talofibular

Calcaneofibular

Front 37

Why are the lateral ankle ligaments more prone to injury than the medial?

Back 37

Because the foot is naturally slightly inverted, so it is more likely to drastically invert when placed down with force

Front 38

What do the medial ankle ligaments do?

Back 38

Prevent excess foot eversion

Front 39

What do the lateral ankle ligaments do?

Back 39

Prevent excess Inversion

Front 40

Draw a diagram of the ligaments of the foot

Back 40

Front 41

What does the spring ligament do?

Back 41

Prevents the displacement of the talus down between the navicular and the calcaneus

Front 42

How is the wrist joint formed?

Back 42

Between distal radius and scaphoid/lunate carpals