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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
3 actions of antacids
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work by neutralizing stomach acid
stimulate secretion of mucous increase tone of cardiac sphincter (makes stomach more resistant to irritation, reduces cancer risk) |
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________ may be added to antacids to reduce gas pain by causing gas bubbles to break apart so they can be burped up or passed on
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Simethicone
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Indications for use of antacids
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PUD
Gastrits Gastric hyperacidity GERD (heartburn) |
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Patients with severe renal failure should take _____ based antacids because they are milder than magnesium and calcium
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aluminum
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Magnesium can cause an adverse effect of
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diarrhea
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Aluminum can cause an adverse effect of
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constipation
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Calcium can cause 2 adverse effects
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constipation, kidney stones
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If a patient is experiencing constipation or diarrhea dr. miht switch them to ___________________so they effects are cancelled out.
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an aluminum & magnesium combo
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Antacids are to be given within ___ to ____ hours of other medications because it can decrease the absorption of other drugs.
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1-2
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If a patient suddenly stops taking antacids what can happen?
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rebound hyperacidity
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H2 antagonists block the H2 receptors in the ____-producing ___ cells in the stomach, making these cells less responsive and resulting in an _____ in pH of the stomach and a relief of symptoms
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acid-producing parietal cells, increases pH
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H2 antagonists are indicated for 3 things:
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GERD, PUD, erosive esophagitis
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Patients taking H2 antagonists should be taught to avoid what 4 things due to their irritating effects on the GI tract
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caffeine, aspirin, NSAIDS, alcohol
CANA |
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Name 3 H2 antagonists
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Cimetidine (Tagament)
Famotidine (Pepcid) Ranitidine (Zantac) |
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PPI stands for
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Proton Pump Inhibitors
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PPI's work by irreversibly binding to the proton pump, preventing movement of the ____ ions out of the parietal cells and blocking the ____ secretion.
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hydrogen ions, acid secretion
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PPi's are used for:
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symptomatic GERD, short term treatment of duodenal ulcers and ulcers caused by H. Pylori
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Duodenal and gastric ulcers caused by H. Pylori are treated with...
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tetracycline, clarithromycin, H2 blockers, antibiotics
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Long term use of PPI's has been linked to
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hip fractures
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Patients taking PPIs may experience an increased chance of bleeding if they take the drug ________
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Coumadin
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When should PPIs be taken?
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Before a meal
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3 PPI's
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pmeprazole (Prilosec)
pantoprazole (Protonix) esomeprazole (Nexium) |
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causes of diarrhea
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bacteria
drugs diabetes hyperthyroid nutritional factors parasites protozoa protozoa |
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______ are given to patients with diarrhea
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adsorbents
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Adsorbents work by
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coating the wall of GI tract and bind bacteria to their surface
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An example of an adsorbent salicylate is
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Pepto Bismol
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Anticholinergics treat diarrhea by ______ peristalsis which ____ the GI tract
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decrease , slow
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An example of an anticholinergic is ______
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Donnatal
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Diarrhea can also be treated with an intestinal flora modifier like ______ ____ and is often given to a patient after finishing antibiotic therapy
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lactobacillus acidophilus
(Lactinex) |
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______ is a classification of drugs that reduce bowel botility and the transit time of food from the GI tract, giving longer for ____ and ______ to be absorbed
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water, electrolyes
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An example of an opiate to treat diarrhea is _____
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Imodium (loperamide)
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Pepto Bismol is contraindicated in teens and children with ____ ____ or ____ because it can sometimes cause a fatal condition as ____ _____.
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chicken pox, influenza
Reye's Syndrome |
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Opiate antidiarrheals can have an additive CNS depressive effect if given in combination with ____ , ______, or ______
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alcohol, sedatives, narcotics
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Peptol Bismol can cause an increased risk of bleeding if given with ___ or ____
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Aspirin or NSAIDS
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Constipation can be treated 3 ways:
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increase fiber intake
increase physical activity pharmacologic meds |
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Bulk forming medications act in a similar manner to fiber in the diet, absorbing water into the ____ which increases bulk in stools
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intestine
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________ is a bulk-forming medication that must be taken with 8 oz. of water (liberal amounts) to prevent _____ _______ or ______ ______
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esophageal obstruction or fecal impaction
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Emolients either lubricate the stool (mineral oil) or act as a ____ softener such as _____
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fecal, Colace
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Anti-emetics are drugs given to relieve _____ and _____
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nausea and vomitting
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Anticholinergics that block acetylcholine receptors in the brain so that nausea signals cannot be transmitted to the CTZ. An example is a ______
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scopolamine
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Anti-histamines bind to the H1 receptors are the safest drug for nausea/vomitting. 2 medications are:
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meclizine (Antivert)
diphenhydramine (Bendadryl) |
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Neuroleptics prevent nausea and vomiting by blocking dopamine in the CTZ. Examples include ___, ___, and ___-
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Compazine, Thorazine, and Promethazine
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Prokinetics that stimulate peristalsis in the GI tract ans so enhances emptying of the stomach contents in the duodenum. Example is ___
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metocopramide (Reglan)
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Serotonin blockers who block serotonin in the GI tract, the CTZ, and the Vomitting Center An example is:
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ondanestron (Zofran)
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A med in the THC class is ____ and these are best used for cancer and AIDS
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Marinol
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Enteral nutrition is the provision of foods or nutritients through the GI tract. This type of nutrition is used as a supplement for patients unable to consume or digest normal food or patients who are undernourished due to ___
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disease
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