Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What type of vision loss is caused by ARMD?
|
central
|
|
|
What are the two types of ARMD? briefly describe each
|
Dry and Wet
Dry - (nonexudate, close vision tasks more difficult, most common type) Wet (exudative - severe form, become blind, rapid onset, not very common) |
|
|
What causes ARMD?
|
retinal aging
genetic predisposition (light colored eyes, exposure to UV light) |
|
|
What type of simple instruction could you tell someone who was trying to avoid having ARMD?
|
Take vitamins C E beta carotene and zinc...and eat dark green leafy vegetables containing lutein (kale and spinach)
|
|
|
In dry ARMD, what is the patho happening?
|
drusen spots on the retina that cause atrophy and degeneration of the retina
|
|
|
What is the patho in Wet ARMD?
|
Remember this is the severe one. Wet is the growth of new blood vessels from their normal location. This causes scar tissue to cause acute vision loss and sometimes bleeding.
|
|
|
What is a patient going to complain of if they have ARMD?
|
blurred and darkened vision, scotomas (islands of blindness) and distortion of vision
|
|
|
Where is the vision loss in ARMD?
|
central vision
|
|
|
What is a diagnostic test for ARMD ?
|
Amsler grid test
|
|
|
How do you treat dry ARMD?
|
you don't, just modify diet by adding anti oxidants and eat foods with lutein (green leafy)
|
|
|
How do you treat wet ARMD?
|
medications and laser eye surgery and also photodynamic therapy
|
|
|
What are the medications to treat wet ARMD?
|
Macugen and Lucentis (both are injected into the eye)
**look at the drug names....Macugen=macular and Lucentis=lutein |
|
|
What type of vision loss is glaucoma?
|
not really a whole lot of vision loss until peripheral vision loss happens late in the disease. Described as tunnel vision.
|
|
|
What are the three conditions that characterize glaucoma?
|
Increased IOP
Optic nerve atrophy Peripheral vision loss |
|
|
What are the types of glaucoma?
|
Primary open angle glaucoma
Primary angle closure glaucoma |
|
|
Describe the patho of primary open angle glaucoma.
|
Most common type
The outflow of aqueous humor is decreased because the drainage channels become clogged |
|
|
How does primary open angle glaucoma progress?
|
slowly
|
|
|
What are the presenting symptoms of POAG?
|
no symptoms. no pain and no pressure.
usually don't report the vision loss until late in the disease |
|
|
Describe the patho of primary angle closure glaucoma.
|
the outflow is blocked due to buldging of the lens
|
|
|
What are some causes of lens buldging that can lead to primary angle closure glaucoma?
|
age related buldging
pupil dilation drug induced mydriasis (topical and systemic drugs) |
|
|
What are the symptoms that a patient with primary angle closure glaucoma reports?
|
sudden excruciating pain in and around eye
n/v seeing colored halos around lights, blurred vision and ocular redness |
|
|
What is the concern if the IOP keeps rising?
|
that the patient will develop optic nerve damage and optic disc cupping
|
|
|
Compare the progression and location of the manifestations of both open angle and angle closure glaucoma.
|
Open angle - slow, painless, bilateral
Angle closure - acute, sudden, painful, unilateral |
|
|
Which glaucoma has rainbows and halos?
|
angle closure
|
|
|
Which glaucoma has HA and NV?
|
angle closure
|
|
|
What is tonometry?
|
a test that measures IOP
a relavent diagnostic screening for glaucoma |
|
|
What is a slit lamp microscopy and why do we care?
|
a diagnostic test for glaucoma, tells us whether we have open angle or angle closure. (we care because it is on the slide and it might be on the test)
|
|
|
What would you expect the IOP of an POAG patient to have?
|
22-32
|
|
|
What do you expect the IOP of angle closure glaucoma to be?
|
greater than 50
>50 |
|
|
What is gonioscopy?
|
a diagnostic test for glaucoma that determines depth of anterior chamber and any changes to the filtering meshwork
|
|
|
What are the drugs for glaucoma?
|
B-Adrenergic Blockers (beta blockers) Timoptic
A-Adrenergic Agonists (Alphagan) Cholinergic Agents (pilocarpine) Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Hyperosmolar Agents (mannitol solution - Osmitrol) |
|
|
How does a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor help with glaucoma?
|
decreases aqueous production
|
|
|
In Whom is a beta adrenergic blocker contraindicated?
|
bradyardia, cardigenic shock, overt cardiac failure
if they are taking systemic beta blockers, make sure to occlude the puncta |
|
|
What are the four treatments you would expect for acute angle closure glaucoma?
|
topical cholinergic agent
hyperosmotic agent laser peripheral iridotomy surgical iridectomy |
|
|
What is an iridotomy?
|
poking multiple holes in the iris to allow the aqueous humor to drain
|
|
|
What is a trabeculectomy?
|
burning the meshwork that is blocking the drain in the eye
creating new drainage channels |
|
|
What is the most important ND for glaucoma patient?
|
risk for injury r/t visual deficits
|
|
|
What is the current recommended schedule for eye exams?
|
2-4 years for 40-64 yrs
every year for 65 and older |
|
|
Acute angle closure glaucoma. You would administer the IOP decreasing meds and then do what?
|
put in a dark room, apply cool compress to the patient's forehead
|
|
|
What is enucleation?
|
removal of the eye
|
|
|
How long is the pressure dressing kept in place following an enucleation?
|
24 hours
|
|
|
How do you reinsert a prosthetic eye?
|
moisten it with warm normal saline or water, gently hold the lids open, insert the upper edge of the prosthesis under the upper lid first, then the lower edge under the lower lid using slight pressure
|
