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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cardinal S/S of childhood cancer |
-Fever s infection -Persistent headache -Fatigue / malaise -Anorexia / unintentional weight loss -Lymphadenopathy -Pain -Abdominal mass -Extremity mass |
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Cardinal S/S of childhood cancer |
-Purpura, petechiae, or bruising -Pallor -Changes in gait, balance, or personality -Limping -Night sweats -Pancytopenia -Hematuria |
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History |
-Weight loss -Bone pain -Incidence & frequency of fevers -Recurrent infections -Fatigue -Bleeding |
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Diagnostics |
-Labs -Bone marrow analysis: suspected hematologic malignancies -Tissue biopsy: suspected lymphomas & solid tumors -X-rays -CT scan -MRI -PET scan |
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Surgery: indications |
-Diagnostic biopsy: confirmation -Staging -Debulking or partial resection -Complete resection -Debridement of necrotic tissue -Relief of mechanical obstruction -Symptom palliation by reduction of tumor burden without cure |
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Chemotherapy |
-Kills cells that divide rapidly -Effects: bone marrow, GI tract, hair follicles |
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Radiation |
-Target tumor for destruction while sparing surrounding tissues -Side effect: erythema or skin irritation |
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Gene therapy |
-Focus on changing / altering genetic code of tumor cell |
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Biotherapy |
-Interferons -Interleukin-2 -Retinoids -Monoclonal antibodies |
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Hematopoetic Growth Factors |
-Stimulate growth of neutrophils & RBCs |
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Neutropenia: precautions |
-Filtered bath & drinking water
-Hepa filter for room -No fresh flowers -Strict hand hygiene -Visitors & staff screened for resp. infection |
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Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) |
= (% segs + % bands) x total WBCs
= (segs + bands) x WBCs x 10 <500 |
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Body Surface Area (BSA) |
SQR* (ht [cm] x wt [kg]) / 3600* |
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Thrombocytopenia: precautions |
-No rectal temps, probes, or meds
-No NGT insertion, injections, or accessing port unless OK'd -No finger sticks unless OK'd |
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Typhlitis (neutropenic enterocolitis) |
-Cancer emergency -Invasion into bowel mucosa in neutropenic pt |
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Pancreatitis |
-Cancer emergency -Drug associated: L-asparaginase -Vomiting, ABD pain, L-asparaginase admin |
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Tumor Lysis Syndrome |
-Cancer emergency -Increased risk: expect rapid response to tx -First 12-24h after chemo -Rapid lysis of tumor cells -Release massive quantities of intracellular contents into systemic circulation (K+, Phosphate, nucleic acids) -Prevention: aggressive IV hydration |
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TLS: manifestations |
-N/V/D -Anorexia -Lethargy -Hematuria -Heart failure -Arrhythmias -Seizures -Muscle cramps, tetany -Syncope -> sudden death |
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Leukemia: manifestations |
-Fever -Malaise -Pallor -Bruising -Bone / joint pain -High WBCs -Hepatosplenomegaly |
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Leukemia: nursing care |
-Signs of infection & bleeding: skin & mucosa -Central line dressing changes -Report fever 101.3 once or 100.4 over 1h |
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Brain tumor: manifestations |
-Headache -Morning vomiting |
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Brain tumor: history |
-Developmental milestones -School performance -Vision changes / loss |
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Brain tumor: potential deficits |
-Gait -Extremity strength & movement -Speech & language -Swallowing -Vision & hearing -Seizure potential |
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Osteosarcoma |
-Initial signs = sports injury or growing pains -Most often during adolescent growth spurt -Tibia, humerus, femur |
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Wilms tumor |
-Renal tumor: one or both -Asymptomatic, mobile ABD mass -Must not be palpated: risk of rupture & spread of cancer cells -Remove tumor & kidney |
