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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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James |
"Faith Works" |
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James date, reason |
mid-40's, first NT book: -"contradiction" w/Paul seems unlikely after the Jerusalem conference -simpler church structure than other books -term for church means synagogue -very rudimentary ecclesiology |
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James occasion |
Concerned about the faith of the people he writes to. He's writing to suffering people: "The 12 tribes scattered amongst the nations" |
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James purpose |
to encourage them to work out their faith with deeds that exemplify salvation |
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james authorship |
not explicitly stated. we know author: -had strong understanding of OT -was a man of authority in the church -probably had a gift of teaching |
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james authorship majority position |
most conservative scholars give it to James, J's brother -other possibility is James son of Zebedee. But he died in AD 44, too early. |
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What we know about James, brother of J |
-didn't accept J while he lived -had a private appearance from J -Pillar of the Jerusalem church -Had a bro named Jude -Martyred in AD 62 -"Camel Knees" from praying |
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James - reasons not quickly accepted into canon |
-more practical than theological -lacked strong Christology -no mention of the Holy Spirit -Brevity -'conflict' re: justification -Very Jewish feel |
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James 1 - responding to trials |
Key to maturity in Christian life. -respond with joy to build endurance -we need wisdom during trials; promised if we ask in faith. Don't be ship in storm -poverty and riches both have struggles -blessings for those that persevere |
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James 1 - source of temptation |
God =/= responsible for temptations G is the source of all good things |
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James passages |
-quick to listen, slow to speak -don't be like man in mirror -keep reign on tongue -pure religion widows/orphans -resist the devil, he'll flee...draw near to God... -prayer of a righteous man does much |
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James 2 |
warning against favoritism relationship between faith and works |
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James The nature of saving faith: works, or faith? |
No such thing as a merely creedal faith. saving faith is more than words or assent. assurance of salvation is tied to obedience |
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james 3 |
control of the tongue/wisdom |
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james 4 |
worldliness - false wisdom being worked out |
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james 5 |
warnings against the rich council for Christian living: -patience in waiting for the Lord -Honesty in speech -prayerfulness in all circumstances -diligence in reaching backsliders -pray always |
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I Peter |
"Help for a hurting pilgrim people" |
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I Peter date |
AD 62/63 Rome, right after P's release (would have mentioned if he was there) |
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I Peter authorship |
critics discount authenticity on basis of elevated Greek usage. |
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I Peter ocassion |
Peter learned that the provinces were experiencing localized persecution |
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I Peter purpose |
help them know how to suffer well for their faith. They can, because Jesus suffered for them. |
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I Peter major themes |
-Exhortations to obedient living -obligations of a pilgrim people -encouragement to a suffering people |
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I Peter passages |
-husbands treat wives well, as weaker in physical only. If you don't, prayers won't be answered. -gospel was preached in hell - probably J preaching victory, not Nephalim or a second chance -be on guard, devil is like lion |
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1 Peter - how we embrace suffering |
How we embrace suffering determines ALL: -embrace it -respond to it -it's a hard road, but a better road |
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II Peter |
"Beware of False Teachers" |
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II Peter date |
65/66, just before he was killed. From Rome. Perhaps as a 'final testament' |
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II Peter occasion |
to warn the churches against false teachers |
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II Peter purpose |
to warn against false teachers, especially those denying the Parousia |
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II Peter authorship |
most contested in NT. Language is much rougher than I Peter. But if I Peter used scribe, explainable. Also could match a different oriental style of rhetoric |
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II Peter 1, 2, 3 |
I-Exhortation to spiritual maturity: the certainty of Parousia 2-Warning against false teachers: denial of parousia brings judgement 3-Day of the lord is coming: delay of parousia is explained |
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II Peter marks of false teachers |
-heresy -denial of lordship of christ -sensuality -greed -deny parousia/final judgement -empty teaching leads to slavery |
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II Peter has many similarities with: |
Jude |
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Jude |
"Fight for the Faith" |
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Jude audience |
not clearly listed, probably a circular letter |
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Jude occasion |
wanted to write about salvation, but had to talk about this instead. Certain people were perverting God's grace. |
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Jude purpose |
to defend the faith and protect the church: -encourage sound doctrine -encourage believers to contend for the faith -assure believers of their eternal security in Christ |
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Jude style |
-groups of 3 -very similar to 2 peter |
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Jude pseudopigraphical citations |
1 Enoch
Assumption of Moses |
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Johannine Epistles |
No name given. But stylistically, resemble each other, and Gospel of John. And 1J claims to have seen him. |
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Johannine dates |
~90 written to combat misuse of gospel of John, written in 80-85. Tradition is written for churches around Ephesus |
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Johannine occasion |
wanted to counteract abuse of the fourth gospel by the Gnostics/secessionists |
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1 john |
'tests of life' / 'countering the secessionists' |
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1 john themes |
-fullness of joy -test the spirits -assurance of salvation/eternal life |
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1 john tests of salvation |
-correct christology/Jesus test -love for brethren/social test -obedient life/moral test |
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1 john salvation |
-it's possible to have salvation w/out assurance -it's possible to have assurance w/out salvation |
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2 john |
'exhortations to the elect lady' 'secessionists attack from the outside' |
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2 john notes |
-2nd shortest book in NT -hortatory/exhortation discourse -'elect lady' = local church -don't support false teachers |
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2 john exhortations |
-walk in the truth -love one another -be on guard against false teachers |
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3 John |
"commendations and rebukes' 'secessionists take over from the inside?' |
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3 john notes |
shortest book in NT 3 characters: -Gaius: recipient. supports ministers. -Diotrephes: likes to be first. controlling church, keeping real believers out -Demetrius - everyone knows he's good |
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The Revelation |
God is in control of history There are only two possible outcomes to life |
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Revelation authorship |
Critics argue based on style/vocab; different than other Johannine books. But not THAT different, and the form follows function. |
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revelation date |
mid 90's, from Patmos during Domitianic persecution audience = 7 churches in Asia Minor |
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revelation patristic objection |
Dionysus, Bishop of Alexandria |
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revelation hermeneutic |
symbols must be understood in a way that the original audience would have understood 7=complete, perfect 12=all of Israel/church churches were real; find meaning through their eyes, not in secret codes only discernible to people living at the end of time |
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revelation escalation of signs |
bowls trumpets seals THE END |
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3 major interpretive debates about Revelation |
-millennial grid (when is 1000 year reign) -rapture/tribulation -historical perspective (of events) |
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reasons to study Revelation |
-shows god's sovereignty -Theodicy -teaching/unveiling of Jesus -teaches about Holy Spirit -understand power, attraction of evil -heavenly worship is model for us -reminds of ultimate victory over evil |
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Revelation millennial perspectives |
-pre: Christ comes back before reign and establishes kingdom. disp = Christ back in 2 stages historical = 1 stage, after tribulation -post: Christ back after progressively christianized -a: 1000 year reign is symbolic, probably right now since gospel is being proclaimed |
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Revelation Rapture/Tribulation perspectives |
-post: we meet J as he comes down -pre: secret rap (disp. pre-mil) -mid: church up halfway through trib -pre wrath: mid, but emphasis is on before God's wrath is poured out |
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Revelation Historical/Interpretive Approaches |
-preterist/contemporary historical: devalues end-time aspects -historicist/continuous historical: sweep from Jesus to end times -idealist/timeless symbolic: timeless principles of good/evil, not history -extreme futurist/eschatological: almost all hasn't happened -modified futurist/eclectic: some merit in each. teaches about future, had meaning for original audience, teaches timeless truth to each gen |
