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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the source of energy for Earth? |
Sun |
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What are the Seven Life Processes? |
Movement Reproduction Sensitivity Nutrition Excretion Respiration Growth |
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What is needed for the Seven Life Processes? |
Light energy from the sun |
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What do all living things depend on? Why? |
Plants Because it is only plants that can transfer the light energy from the Sun |
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What is an ecosystem? |
It is a system that includes all the organisms in an area as well as all the factors such as sunlight that affect them |
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What is interdependence? |
When things depend on each other for survival |
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What is photosynthesis? |
It is the process where green plants are able to use light energy from the sun to make the sugars that they need to live |
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What are producers? |
Green plants are called producers because they are the only things that can produce foods such as sugars from simple substances like water and carbon dioxide |
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What is a nutrient? |
A chemical substance that is needed by the body |
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What is glucose? |
Glucose is a sugar which is a nutrient that plants make by photosynthesis |
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What gas makes up nearly 0,04% of the air? |
Carbon dioxide |
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Where is carbon dioxide found? |
air and leaves |
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What are the green chemicals (parts) of the leaf called? |
Chemical called chlorophyll |
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Photosynthesis is an example of a _____________? |
Chemical reaction |
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What is the process of photosynthesis in a leaf? |
1. The light energy from the sun is transformed into chemical energy by chlorophyll 2. This chemical energy is then used to join carbon dioxide and water together to make a sugar called glucose 3. Oxygen gas is a waste product and passes out of the leaf into the air |
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Write the formula for photosynthesis. |
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Explain why carbon dioxide and water in the air cannot join to make a sugar in the sunlight as shown in the chemical reaction for photosynthesis |
1. Light energy must first be transformed into chemical energy. Chlorophyll in a leaf is one of the few things that can transform light energy into chemical energy. 2. Carbon dioxide and water cannot normally join together even if they are given chemical energy. A leaf has special chemicals to help the chemical reaction work. |
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What substances is needed for photosynthesis to make food for the plant? |
Carbon dioxide in the air and water from the soil |
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Explain how animals and plants are interdependent |
Plants release oxygen as a waste product. Animals and humans need this oxygen to breathe. Animals and humans breathe out carbon dioxide which plants then breathe in. |
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Glucose (sugar) in a green plant can be changed into what substances ? |
Starch Cellulose Oils |
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What important chemicals can a plant make when adding mineral salts to it? |
Proteins Vitamins |
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What is starch? Eg |
It is used by the plant to stores energy for later use. Eg potatoes, flour, maize, |
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What is Cellulose? |
A substance that makes a plants body firm |
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What is Cellulose called in the food that we eat? |
Fibre |
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Name 2 substances in a plant that stores energy for later use |
Starch Oils |
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List the apparatus you will need to see if a leaf has starch. |
Tin of boiling water Test tube Alcohol Saucer Iodine solution Bunsen burner |
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How do you know if a leaf contains starch? |
The starch goes blue-black in the presence of Iodine solution |
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Give an example of laboratory alcohol that can be used to test for starch in green leaves |
Ethanol |
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What is the process carried out to test for starch in green leaves? |
1.Boil leaf in water in tin for 1 min to kill it so chemicals can enter the tissue 2. Put leaf in a test tube with alcohol and put them in boiling water 3. Remove the leaf when it is no longer green 4. Dip it in hot water to wash out any alcohol 5. Put the leaf on a saucer and pour Iodine over it 6. If there is starch it will go a blue-black colour |
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Nutrients in a plant holds their energy in the form of what? |
Potential chemical energy |
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Why can energy not be used when it's in the nutrient form? |
It needs to be changed into usable energy by a series of chemical reactions that are called respiration |
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What is respiration? |
When potential energy is changed into usable energy by a series of chemical reactions |
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Can energy be destroyed? Explain |
No energy can't be destroyed, it has to go somewhere or be changed into another form |
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What energy is released by respiration? |
Heat energy |
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Why is the process of respiration the reverse of photosynthesis? |
Respiration gives out carbon dioxide and uses up oxygen. Photosynthesis gives out oxygen and uses up carbon dioxide The chemical reactions are.... |
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What is formed during respiration? |
Carbon dioxide and water |
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Why is respiration important? |
Because carbon dioxide is released which plants need for photosynthesis |
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What is needed before respiration can take place? |
Glucose and oxygen |
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How do you know if there is carbon dioxide in exhaled air? |
Lime water goes milky when air that has carbon dioxide passes through it |
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What liquid can be used to test for the presence of carbon dioxide? |
Lime water |
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Name the process that happens in green leaves to make food |
Photosynthesis |
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Name the process in which energy is released from food in living cells |
Respiration |
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Name the chemical substance that causes the fibre that makes a plant stiff |
Cellulose |
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What is ecology? |
Study of interactions of living and non living factors in an area. |
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What is the part of earth where life exists? Another way to ask... What is the total of all ecosystems on earth called? |
Biosphere |
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What do all organisms need to survive and are available in the biosphere? Or another way of asking.... What is found in each organisms environment? |
Energy Gas Water Soil Favourable temperature |
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How do we divide what is needed by each organisms in its environment? |
1. Abiotic factors 2. Biotic factors |
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What are abiotic factors? |
The physical and chemical environment that affect organisms that are not alive |
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Explain what biotic factors are? |
The living environment is all the living things that affect an organism for example its food or the animals that want to eat it |
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Give examples of abiotic factors |
Water Gases light energy heat energy temperature Soil |
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Give examples of biotic factors |
Food organisms Competitors Predators Disease organism |
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A feature of the environment that is living is known as what? |
Biotic |
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Any organisms that takes in food to get its energy are called what? |
Consumers |
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Give an example of a microscopic producer |
Algae |
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What groups do natural scientists classify living organisms in? |
Animals Plants Micro-organisms |
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What group are living organisms that have a hard outer skeleton called? |
Arthropods |
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Ecology have four levels of classification. What are they? |
Populations Communities Ecosystem Biosphere |
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What is population? |
A group of one kind of organism all living in the same place. Eg elephants living in the Kruger National Park |
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What is a community? |
A group of different populations that all share the same place. Eg elephants, birds, buck all are found in the Kruger National Park |
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What is an ecosystem? |
It is all the biotic and abiotic factors of an area and how they affect each other |
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Give an example of an ecosystem and explain why it is one |
Kruger National Park because it is made up of the community of living things in the area supporting each other as well as the abiotic factors such as climate and water that affect them |
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Label this diagram |
Orange = biosphere Red = ecosystems Light blue = communities Dark blue = populations |
