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148 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DC-ML
|
discriminative touch, vibration, proprioception crosses at medulla
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|
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ALS/Spinothalamic Tract
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pain, temperature and crude touch. Crosses at level of entry in spinal cord
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Trigeminothalamic Tract
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all sense from head. Pontine crossing
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Spino/Cuneocerebellar Tracts
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movement and postion sense from body. Crosses at spinal cord level of entry
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|
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Corticospinal Tract
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voluntary movement of limbs. Pyramidal decussation
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Corticobulbar Tract
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motor control of head and neck. Crosses at brainstem level of exit
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CN X→ Laryngeal/Pharyngeal
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nucleus ambiguous
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Taste from CN VII, IX, X
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solitary nucleus
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LMN Lesion
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weak, hypotonia, hyporeflexia, atrophy
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UMN Lesion
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Corticospinal sign
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UL flexors, LL extensors with distal weakness
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Hyper-relfexia
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UMN lesion, due to destruction of cortiocoreticulospinal inhibitory influence
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Babinski
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UMN lesion
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|
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Transient hypotonia/hyporeflexia
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UMN lesion
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Pure Corticospinal tract lesion
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Ventral Root Lesion
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LMN findings
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|
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Sympathetic deficits
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C8-L2→ skin flushed, dry (no sweating), will not blanch. C8-T2 → Horners syndrome
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|
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Parasympathetic defecits (S2-S4)
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erectile dysfunction, bowel, bladder dysfunction
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|
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Dorsal Root Lesion
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hyptonia, hyporeflexia (sensory limb defect), anesthesia, atrophic skin changes.
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|
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Brown Sequard Syndrome
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spinal hemisection. Ipsilateral paralysis of positon, vibration touch (DCML) and contralateral loss of pain and temperature one segment below lesion
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|
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Horners Syndrome
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sympathetic lesions C8-T2. Ipsilateral ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis, flushing of skin and face.
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|
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Midbrain CN
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II, III, IV
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|
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Pontine CN
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V, VI, VII, VIII
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Medullary CN
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IX, X, XI, XII
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Caudal Ventromedial Medulla
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contralateral hemipareisis → corticospinal, contralateral loss of positioning and vibratory sense → DC-ML (medial leminicus)
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|
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Rostral Ventromedial Medulla
|
contralateral hemiparesis → corticospinal, Contralateral prop/vib→ DC ML*, ipsilateral tongue paralysis → CN XII rootlet
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|
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Caudal Ventrolateral Pons
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contralateral hemiparesis → corticospinal tract, ipsilateral facial paralysis → facial nerve root
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Rostral Ventrolateral Pons
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contralateral hemiparesis → corticospinal tract, ipsilateral loss of jaw reflex and coreneal blink reflex and ipsilateral loss of sensation on face → trigeminal nerve root
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|
|
Pontine Tegmentum, Rostral
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contralateral loss of body position and vibratory sense → mediallemnisucs, Contralateral loss of pain and temperature frm body → spinothalamic tract, Ipsilateral loss of face pain and temperature, corenal blink reflex, and jaw jerk reflex → trigeminal nerve root
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|
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Pontine Tegmentum, Caudal
|
contralateral loss of body position and vibratory sense → medial leminiscus, contralateral loss of body poain and temperature → spinothalamic tract, Ipsilateral facial paralysis → Facial nerve root, Ipsilateral internal strabisumus and paralysis of eye abduction → abducens nerve root, ipsilateral loss of paoin and temperature → spinal trigeminal tract, nystagmus and vertigo → vestibular nuclei, horner’s syndrome → descending central sympathetics
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|
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Anterior internuclear opthalmoplegia, Multiple sclerosis
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Paralsysis of eye adduction → medial longitudinal fasiculus, intact adduction on convergence → medial longitunidal fasiculus, nyastagimus of abducting eye on lateral gaze → medial longitudinal fasiculus
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Ventral Pons/locked in syndrome
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quadriplegia→ bilateral cortiospinal tracts, bilateral facial, laryngealm lingual paralysis → corticobulbar tracts. EYES are able to move. Basilar artery knock out
|
|
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Central midbrain tegmentum
|
contralateral intention tremor → red nucleus, Paralysis of vertical and medial movments of ipsilateral eye, pupillary dilation, loss of light rflex, ptosis, external strabismus → oculomotor nucleus, contralateral loss of body and vibratory sense → medial leminiscus
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|
|
Ventromedial Midbrain (webbers)
|
ipsilateral oculomotor nerve signs → oculomotor nerve rootlets. Contralateral hemiparesis → corticospinal tract, Contralateral lower facial muscle paresis, contralateral tongue paresis → corticobulbuar tracts
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|
|
Diencephalon Lesion
|
contralateral hemihypoalgesaia and intense pain → ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus, Contralateral hemiparesis, Babinski, hyperreflexia→ corticospinal fibers in posterior limb of internal capsule, homonymous hemianopsia → lateral geniculate nucleus
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|
|
Lateral Medulla/Wallenberg’s Syndrome/PICA
|
cont loss pain/temp → lateral spinothalamic tract. Ipsi loss of pain/temp → spinal tract and CN V, dysphagia/dysphonia → nucleus ambiguous, horner’s syndrome → descending cntral sympathetics, ipsi atazia of limbs → inferior cerebellar peduncle, ipsi dearness and tinnitus → cochlear nuclei, nystagumus, nausea, vomiting, vertigo → vestibular nuclei, ipsi loss of taste → solitary nucleus
|
|
|
DC-ML
|
discriminative touch, vibration, proprioception crosses at medulla
|
|
|
ALS/Spinothalamic Tract
|
pain, temperature and crude touch. Crosses at level of entry in spinal cord
|
|
|
Trigeminothalamic Tract
|
all sense from head. Pontine crossing
|
|
|
Spino/Cuneocerebellar Tracts
|
movement and postion sense from body. Crosses at spinal cord level of entry
|
|
|
Corticospinal Tract
|
voluntary movement of limbs. Pyramidal decussation
|
|
|
Corticobulbar Tract
|
motor control of head and neck. Crosses at brainstem level of exit
|
|
|
CN X→ Laryngeal/Pharyngeal
|
nucleus ambiguous
|
|
|
Taste from CN VII, IX, X
|
solitary nucleus
|
|
|
LMN Lesion
|
weak, hypotonia, hyporeflexia, atrophy
|
|
|
UMN Lesion
|
|
|
|
Corticospinal sign
|
UL flexors, LL extensors with distal weakness
|
|
|
Hyper-relfexia
|
UMN lesion, due to destruction of cortiocoreticulospinal inhibitory influence
|
|
|
Babinski
|
UMN lesion
|
|
|
Transient hypotonia/hyporeflexia
|
UMN lesion
|
|
|
Pure Corticospinal tract lesion
|
|
|
|
Ventral Root Lesion
|
LMN findings
|
|
|
Sympathetic deficits
|
C8-L2→ skin flushed, dry (no sweating), will not blanch. C8-T2 → Horners syndrome
|
|
|
Parasympathetic defecits (S2-S4)
|
erectile dysfunction, bowel, bladder dysfunction
|
|
|
Dorsal Root Lesion
|
hyptonia, hyporeflexia (sensory limb defect), anesthesia, atrophic skin changes.
|
|
|
Brown Sequard Syndrome
|
spinal hemisection. Ipsilateral paralysis of positon, vibration touch (DCML) and contralateral loss of pain and temperature one segment below lesion
|
|
|
Horners Syndrome
|
sympathetic lesions C8-T2. Ipsilateral ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis, flushing of skin and face.
|
|
|
Midbrain CN
|
II, III, IV
|
|
|
Pontine CN
|
V, VI, VII, VIII
|
|
|
Medullary CN
|
IX, X, XI, XII
|
|
|
Caudal Ventromedial Medulla
|
contralateral hemipareisis → corticospinal, contralateral loss of positioning and vibratory sense → DC-ML (medial leminicus)
|
|
|
Rostral Ventromedial Medulla
|
contralateral hemiparesis → corticospinal, Contralateral prop/vib→ DC ML*, ipsilateral tongue paralysis → CN XII rootlet
|
|
|
Caudal Ventrolateral Pons
|
contralateral hemiparesis → corticospinal tract, ipsilateral facial paralysis → facial nerve root
|
|
|
Rostral Ventrolateral Pons
|
contralateral hemiparesis → corticospinal tract, ipsilateral loss of jaw reflex and coreneal blink reflex and ipsilateral loss of sensation on face → trigeminal nerve root
|
|
|
Pontine Tegmentum, Rostral
|
contralateral loss of body position and vibratory sense → mediallemnisucs, Contralateral loss of pain and temperature frm body → spinothalamic tract, Ipsilateral loss of face pain and temperature, corenal blink reflex, and jaw jerk reflex → trigeminal nerve root
|
|
|
Pontine Tegmentum, Caudal
|
contralateral loss of body position and vibratory sense → medial leminiscus, contralateral loss of body poain and temperature → spinothalamic tract, Ipsilateral facial paralysis → Facial nerve root, Ipsilateral internal strabisumus and paralysis of eye abduction → abducens nerve root, ipsilateral loss of paoin and temperature → spinal trigeminal tract, nystagmus and vertigo → vestibular nuclei, horner’s syndrome → descending central sympathetics
|
|
|
Anterior internuclear opthalmoplegia, Multiple sclerosis
|
Paralsysis of eye adduction → medial longitudinal fasiculus, intact adduction on convergence → medial longitunidal fasiculus, nyastagimus of abducting eye on lateral gaze → medial longitudinal fasiculus
|
|
|
Ventral Pons/locked in syndrome
|
quadriplegia→ bilateral cortiospinal tracts, bilateral facial, laryngealm lingual paralysis → corticobulbar tracts. EYES are able to move. Basilar artery knock out
|
|
|
Central midbrain tegmentum
|
contralateral intention tremor → red nucleus, Paralysis of vertical and medial movments of ipsilateral eye, pupillary dilation, loss of light rflex, ptosis, external strabismus → oculomotor nucleus, contralateral loss of body and vibratory sense → medial leminiscus
|
|
|
Ventromedial Midbrain (webbers)
|
ipsilateral oculomotor nerve signs → oculomotor nerve rootlets. Contralateral hemiparesis → corticospinal tract, Contralateral lower facial muscle paresis, contralateral tongue paresis → corticobulbuar tracts
|
|
|
Diencephalon Lesion
|
contralateral hemihypoalgesaia and intense pain → ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus, Contralateral hemiparesis, Babinski, hyperreflexia→ corticospinal fibers in posterior limb of internal capsule, homonymous hemianopsia → lateral geniculate nucleus
|
|
|
Lateral Medulla/Wallenberg’s Syndrome/PICA
|
cont loss pain/temp → lateral spinothalamic tract. Ipsi loss of pain/temp → spinal tract and CN V, dysphagia/dysphonia → nucleus ambiguous, horner’s syndrome → descending cntral sympathetics, ipsi atazia of limbs → inferior cerebellar peduncle, ipsi dearness and tinnitus → cochlear nuclei, nystagumus, nausea, vomiting, vertigo → vestibular nuclei, ipsi loss of taste → solitary nucleus
|
|
|
DC-ML
|
discriminative touch, vibration, proprioception crosses at medulla
|
|
|
ALS/Spinothalamic Tract
|
pain, temperature and crude touch. Crosses at level of entry in spinal cord
|
|
|
Trigeminothalamic Tract
|
all sense from head. Pontine crossing
|
|
|
Spino/Cuneocerebellar Tracts
|
movement and postion sense from body. Crosses at spinal cord level of entry
|
|
|
Corticospinal Tract
|
voluntary movement of limbs. Pyramidal decussation
|
|
|
Corticobulbar Tract
|
motor control of head and neck. Crosses at brainstem level of exit
|
|
|
CN X→ Laryngeal/Pharyngeal
|
nucleus ambiguous
|
|
|
Taste from CN VII, IX, X
|
solitary nucleus
|
|
|
LMN Lesion
|
weak, hypotonia, hyporeflexia, atrophy
|
|
|
UMN Lesion
|
|
|
|
Corticospinal sign
|
UL flexors, LL extensors with distal weakness
|
|
|
Hyper-relfexia
|
UMN lesion, due to destruction of cortiocoreticulospinal inhibitory influence
|
|
|
Babinski
|
UMN lesion
|
|
|
Transient hypotonia/hyporeflexia
|
UMN lesion
|
|
|
Pure Corticospinal tract lesion
|
|
|
|
Ventral Root Lesion
|
LMN findings
|
|
|
Sympathetic deficits
|
C8-L2→ skin flushed, dry (no sweating), will not blanch. C8-T2 → Horners syndrome
|
|
|
Parasympathetic defecits (S2-S4)
|
erectile dysfunction, bowel, bladder dysfunction
|
|
|
Dorsal Root Lesion
|
hyptonia, hyporeflexia (sensory limb defect), anesthesia, atrophic skin changes.
|
|
|
Brown Sequard Syndrome
|
spinal hemisection. Ipsilateral paralysis of positon, vibration touch (DCML) and contralateral loss of pain and temperature one segment below lesion
|
|
|
Horners Syndrome
|
sympathetic lesions C8-T2. Ipsilateral ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis, flushing of skin and face.
|
|
|
Midbrain CN
|
II, III, IV
|
|
|
Pontine CN
|
V, VI, VII, VIII
|
|
|
Medullary CN
|
IX, X, XI, XII
|
|
|
Caudal Ventromedial Medulla
|
contralateral hemipareisis → corticospinal, contralateral loss of positioning and vibratory sense → DC-ML (medial leminicus)
|
|
|
Rostral Ventromedial Medulla
|
contralateral hemiparesis → corticospinal, Contralateral prop/vib→ DC ML*, ipsilateral tongue paralysis → CN XII rootlet
|
|
|
Caudal Ventrolateral Pons
|
contralateral hemiparesis → corticospinal tract, ipsilateral facial paralysis → facial nerve root
|
|
|
Rostral Ventrolateral Pons
|
contralateral hemiparesis → corticospinal tract, ipsilateral loss of jaw reflex and coreneal blink reflex and ipsilateral loss of sensation on face → trigeminal nerve root
|
|
|
Pontine Tegmentum, Rostral
|
contralateral loss of body position and vibratory sense → mediallemnisucs, Contralateral loss of pain and temperature frm body → spinothalamic tract, Ipsilateral loss of face pain and temperature, corenal blink reflex, and jaw jerk reflex → trigeminal nerve root
|
|
|
Pontine Tegmentum, Caudal
|
contralateral loss of body position and vibratory sense → medial leminiscus, contralateral loss of body poain and temperature → spinothalamic tract, Ipsilateral facial paralysis → Facial nerve root, Ipsilateral internal strabisumus and paralysis of eye abduction → abducens nerve root, ipsilateral loss of paoin and temperature → spinal trigeminal tract, nystagmus and vertigo → vestibular nuclei, horner’s syndrome → descending central sympathetics
|
|
|
Anterior internuclear opthalmoplegia, Multiple sclerosis
|
Paralsysis of eye adduction → medial longitudinal fasiculus, intact adduction on convergence → medial longitunidal fasiculus, nyastagimus of abducting eye on lateral gaze → medial longitudinal fasiculus
|
|
|
Ventral Pons/locked in syndrome
|
quadriplegia→ bilateral cortiospinal tracts, bilateral facial, laryngealm lingual paralysis → corticobulbar tracts. EYES are able to move. Basilar artery knock out
|
|
|
Central midbrain tegmentum
|
contralateral intention tremor → red nucleus, Paralysis of vertical and medial movments of ipsilateral eye, pupillary dilation, loss of light rflex, ptosis, external strabismus → oculomotor nucleus, contralateral loss of body and vibratory sense → medial leminiscus
|
|
|
Ventromedial Midbrain (webbers)
|
ipsilateral oculomotor nerve signs → oculomotor nerve rootlets. Contralateral hemiparesis → corticospinal tract, Contralateral lower facial muscle paresis, contralateral tongue paresis → corticobulbuar tracts
|
|
|
Diencephalon Lesion
|
contralateral hemihypoalgesaia and intense pain → ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus, Contralateral hemiparesis, Babinski, hyperreflexia→ corticospinal fibers in posterior limb of internal capsule, homonymous hemianopsia → lateral geniculate nucleus
|
|
|
Lateral Medulla/Wallenberg’s Syndrome/PICA
|
cont loss pain/temp → lateral spinothalamic tract. Ipsi loss of pain/temp → spinal tract and CN V, dysphagia/dysphonia → nucleus ambiguous, horner’s syndrome → descending cntral sympathetics, ipsi atazia of limbs → inferior cerebellar peduncle, ipsi dearness and tinnitus → cochlear nuclei, nystagumus, nausea, vomiting, vertigo → vestibular nuclei, ipsi loss of taste → solitary nucleus
|
|
|
DC-ML
|
discriminative touch, vibration, proprioception crosses at medulla
|
|
|
ALS/Spinothalamic Tract
|
pain, temperature and crude touch. Crosses at level of entry in spinal cord
|
|
|
Trigeminothalamic Tract
|
all sense from head. Pontine crossing
|
|
|
Spino/Cuneocerebellar Tracts
|
movement and postion sense from body. Crosses at spinal cord level of entry
|
|
|
Corticospinal Tract
|
voluntary movement of limbs. Pyramidal decussation
|
|
|
Corticobulbar Tract
|
motor control of head and neck. Crosses at brainstem level of exit
|
|
|
CN X→ Laryngeal/Pharyngeal
|
nucleus ambiguous
|
|
|
Efferent motor fibers of CN IX
|
nucleus ambiguous
|
|
|
Taste from CN VII, IX, X
|
solitary nucleus
|
|
|
LMN Lesion
|
weak, hypotonia, hyporeflexia, atrophy
|
|
|
UMN Lesion
|
|
|
|
Corticospinal sign
|
UL flexors, LL extensors with distal weakness
|
|
|
Hyper-relfexia
|
UMN lesion, due to destruction of cortiocoreticulospinal inhibitory influence
|
|
|
Babinski
|
UMN lesion
|
|
|
Transient hypotonia/hyporeflexia
|
UMN lesion
|
|
|
Pure Corticospinal tract lesion
|
|
|
|
Ventral Root Lesion
|
LMN findings
|
|
|
Sympathetic deficits
|
C8-L2→ skin flushed, dry (no sweating), will not blanch. C8-T2 → Horners syndrome
|
|
|
Parasympathetic defecits (S2-S4)
|
erectile dysfunction, bowel, bladder dysfunction
|
|
|
Dorsal Root Lesion
|
hyptonia, hyporeflexia (sensory limb defect), anesthesia, atrophic skin changes.
|
|
|
Brown Sequard Syndrome
|
spinal hemisection. Ipsilateral paralysis of positon, vibration touch (DCML) and contralateral loss of pain and temperature one segment below lesion
|
|
|
Horners Syndrome
|
sympathetic lesions C8-T2. Ipsilateral ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis, flushing of skin and face.
|
|
|
Midbrain CN
|
II, III, IV
|
|
|
Pontine CN
|
V, VI, VII, VIII
|
|
|
Medullary CN
|
IX, X, XI, XII
|
|
|
Caudal Ventromedial Medulla
|
contralateral hemipareisis → corticospinal, contralateral loss of positioning and vibratory sense → DC-ML (medial leminicus)
|
|
|
Rostral Ventromedial Medulla
|
contralateral hemiparesis → corticospinal, Contralateral prop/vib→ DC ML*, ipsilateral tongue paralysis → CN XII rootlet
|
|
|
Caudal Ventrolateral Pons
|
contralateral hemiparesis → corticospinal tract, ipsilateral facial paralysis → facial nerve root
|
|
|
Caudal Ventromedial Pons
|
Contralateral hemiparesis → corticalspinal tract, Ipsilateral internal strabismus and paralysis of eye abduction → abducens nerve root
|
|
|
Rostral Ventrolateral Pons
|
contralateral hemiparesis → corticospinal tract, ipsilateral loss of jaw reflex and coreneal blink reflex and ipsilateral loss of sensation on face → trigeminal nerve root
|
|
|
Pontine Tegmentum, Rostral
|
contralateral loss of body position and vibratory sense → mediallemnisucs, Contralateral loss of pain and temperature frm body → spinothalamic tract, Ipsilateral loss of face pain and temperature, corenal blink reflex, and jaw jerk reflex → trigeminal nerve root
|
|
|
Horner’s syndrome
|
descending central sympathetics
|
|
|
Pontine Tegmentum, Caudal
|
contralateral loss of body position and vibratory sense → medial leminiscus, contralateral loss of body poain and temperature → spinothalamic tract, Ipsilateral facial paralysis → Facial nerve root, Ipsilateral internal strabisumus and paralysis of eye abduction → abducens nerve root, ipsilateral loss of paoin and temperature → spinal trigeminal tract, nystagmus and vertigo → vestibular nuclei, horner’s syndrome → descending central sympathetics
|
|
|
Anterior internuclear opthalmoplegia, Multiple sclerosis
|
Paralsysis of eye adduction → medial longitudinal fasiculus, intact adduction on convergence → medial longitunidal fasiculus, nyastagimus of abducting eye on lateral gaze → medial longitudinal fasiculus
|
|
|
Ventral Pons/locked in syndrome
|
quadriplegia→ bilateral cortiospinal tracts, bilateral facial, laryngealm lingual paralysis → corticobulbar tracts. EYES are able to move. Basilar artery knock out
|
|
|
Central midbrain tegmentum
|
contralateral intention tremor → red nucleus, Paralysis of vertical and medial movments of ipsilateral eye, pupillary dilation, loss of light rflex, ptosis, external strabismus → oculomotor nucleus, contralateral loss of body and vibratory sense → medial leminiscus
|
|
|
Ventromedial Midbrain (webbers)
|
ipsilateral oculomotor nerve signs → oculomotor nerve rootlets. Contralateral hemiparesis → corticospinal tract, Contralateral lower facial muscle paresis, contralateral tongue paresis → corticobulbuar tracts
|
|
|
Diencephalon Lesion
|
contralateral hemihypoalgesaia and intense pain → ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus, Contralateral hemiparesis, Babinski, hyperreflexia→ corticospinal fibers in posterior limb of internal capsule, homonymous hemianopsia → lateral geniculate nucleus
|
|
|
Caudal Pons
|
CN → CN VI, CN VII
|
|
|
Lateral Medulla/Wallenberg’s Syndrome/PICA
|
cont loss pain/temp → lateral spinothalamic tract. Ipsi loss of pain/temp → spinal tract and CN V, dysphagia/dysphonia → nucleus ambiguous, horner’s syndrome → descending cntral sympathetics, ipsi atazia of limbs → inferior cerebellar peduncle, ipsi dearness and tinnitus → cochlear nuclei, nystagumus, nausea, vomiting, vertigo → vestibular nuclei, ipsi loss of taste → solitary nucleus
|
