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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What keeps PDA open? |
Prostaglandin |
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What is a PDA? |
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a persistent opening between the two major blood vessels leading from the heart. The opening, called the ductus arteriosus, is a normal part of a baby's circulatory system before birth that usually closes shortly after birth. |
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What is BPD |
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a form of chronic lung disease that affects newborns (mostly premature) and infants. |
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BPD key facts |
BPD is associated with inflammation and scarring in the lungs
BPD is much more common among low birth weight and premature infants. Most infants recover from BPD, but some may have long-term breathing difficulty. Infants are not born with BPD; the condition results from damage to the lungs caused by mechanical ventilation (respirator) and long-term use of oxygen. The severity of BPD is defined by the amount of oxygen an infant requires at time of birth and the length of use of supplemental oxygen or mechanical ventilation. |
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BDP affects |
a significant number of alveoli that become fibrotic (scarred) and stop working. This damage affects not only the existing alveoli, but also those that continuously develop after birth. The damage to the alveoli also causes damage to the blood vessels around them, making the passage of blood through the lungs more difficult causing pulmonary hypertension. can put significant strain on the heart, which, in severe cases, may lead to heart failure. |
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WHat is Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) |
Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) is a collection of gases outside of the normal air passages and inside the connective tissue of the peribronchovascular sheaths, interlobular septa, and visceral pleura. PIE is broadly classified under pulmonary air leak syndromes.
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PIE Risk Factors |
EtiologyRisk factors for pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) include the following:
Prematurity Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) Amniotic fluid aspiration Infection: Exposure to chorioamnionitis, neonatal sepsis, or pneumonia, Low Apgar score or need for positive pressure ventilation (PPV) during resuscitation at birth Use of high peak airway pressures on mechanical ventilation therapy in the first week of life Incorrect positioning of the endotracheal tube in one bronchus Antenatal exposure to magnesium sulfate |
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Pneumatosis intestinalis |
Pneumatosis intestinalis (also called intestinal pneumatosis, pneumatosiscystoides intestinalis, or pneumatosis coli) is pneumatosis of an intestine, that is, gas cysts in the bowel wall. As a radiological sign it is highly suggestive for necrotizing enterocolitis. |
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Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) |
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), which typically occurs in the second to third week of life in premature, formula-fed infants, is characterized by variable damage to the intestinal tract, ranging from mucosal injury to full-thickness necrosis and perforation
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Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) Symptoms |
Abdominal distention (bloating or swelling) Feedings stay in the stomach instead of moving through to the intestines as normal Bile-colored (green) fluid in the stomach Bloody bowel movements Signs of infection such as apnea (stopping breathing), low heart rate, lethargy (sluggishness) |
