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Acute adj 6 əˈkjuːt

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3illness technical an .... illness or disease quickly becomes very serious OPP chronic:acute arthritis

1problem an acute problem is very serious:The housing shortage is more acute than first thought

6mathematics technical an acute angle is less than 90° → obtuse

6mathematics technical an acute angle is less than 90° → obtuse

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Infectious ɪnˈfekʃəs adj2

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an ...... disease can be passed easily from one person to another, especially through the air they breathe

if a person or an animal is infectious, they have a disease that can be spread to othersI'm still infectious

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Infect ɪnˈfekt/

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to make a disease or an illness spread to a person, an animal or a plant~ sb/sthIt is not possible to infect another person through kissing.

people infected with HIV2 ~ sth (with sth) [usually passive] to make a substance contain harmful bacteria that can spread disease

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Cardio-

Cardiovascular ˌkɑːdiəʊˈvæskjələ

Back 4

relating to the heart:a ...ograph (=machine that measures movements of the heart

relating to the heart and blood vessels (=tubes through which blood flows around your body):cardiovascular disease

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Charlatan /ˈʃɑːlətən $ ˈʃɑːr n1

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a person who claims to have knowledge or skills that they do not really haveHe knows nothing about medicine—he's a complete charlatan

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Boycott n1/v1 ˈbɔɪkɒt

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refuse to buy, use or take part in sth as a way of protestingWe are asking people to boycott goods from companies that use child labour

act of boycotting sb/sth~ (of sth)a trade boycott of British goods~ (on sth) a boycott on the use of tropical wood

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Sustainability səˈsteɪnəbl

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involving the use of natural products and energy in a way that does not harm the environmentsustainable forest management an environmentally sustainable society2 that can continue or be continued for a long timesustainable economic growth Unfortunately, this level of output is not

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Financial fəˈnænʃəl adj2

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connected with money and financefinancial services to give financial advice to be in financial difficulties an independent financial adviser Tokyo and New York are major financial centres.2 (AustralE, NZE, informal) having money fi•nan•cial•ly /BrE faɪˈnænʃəli; NAmE faɪˈnænʃəli/ /BrE fəˈnænʃəli; NAmE fəˈnænʃəli/ adverb She is still financially dependent on her parents. Financially, I'm much better off than before. Such projects are not financially viable without government funding

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Finance n3/v1 ˈfaɪnæns

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fi•nan•cing)[uncountable] ~ (for sth) money used to run a business, an activity or a projectFinance for education comes from taxpayers. The project will only go ahead if they can raise the necessary finance.2 [uncountable] the activity of managing money, especially by a government or commercial organizationthe Minister of Finance the finance director/department a diploma in banking and finance the world of high finance (= finance involving large companies or countries)3 finances [plural] the money available to a person, an organization or a country; the way this money is managedgovernment/public/personal finances It's about time you sorted out your finances. Moving house put a severe strain on our finances. The firm's finances are basically soun0 p l

P p

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Idle ˈaɪdl adj5/v3

he devil makes work for idle hands

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people) not working hard lazyan idle student2 (of machines, factories, etc.) not in useto lie/stand/remain idle3 (of people) without work unemployedOver ten per cent of the workforce is now idle.4 [usually before noun] with no particular purpose or effect; uselessidle chatter/curiosity It was just an idle threat (= not serious). It is idle to pretend that their marriage is a success.5 [usually before noun] (of time) not spent doing work or sth particularIn idle moments, he carved wooden figures. see the devil makes work for idle hands at devil idle•ness/BrE ˈaɪdlnəs; NAmE ˈaɪdlnəs/ noun [uncountable]After a period of enforced idleness, she found

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Idle verb

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to spend time doing nothing important~ sth (+ adv./prep.)They idled the days away, talking and watching television.(+ adv./prep.) They idled along by the river (= walked slowly and with no particular purpose).2 [intransitive] (of an engine) to run slowly while the vehicle is not moving tick overShe left the car idling at the roadside.3 [transitive] ~ sb/sth (NAmE) to close a factory, etc. or stop providing work for the workers, especially temporarilyThe strikes have idled nearly 4 000 workers

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Cosmetic kɒzˈmetɪk n1/adj2

Cosmetic surgery

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improving only the outside appearance of sth and not its basic characterThese reforms are not merely cosmetic. She dismissed the plan as a cosmetic exercise to win votes.2 connected with medical treatment that is intended to improve a person's appearancecosmetic surgery cosmetic dental work

Nounsubstance that you put on your face or body to make it more attractivethe cosmetics industry She found a job selling cosmetics. a cosmetic company cosmetic products

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Regent n1ˈriːdʒənt

Regency adj1 n1

The regency

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person who rules a country because the king or queen is too young, old, ill/sick, etcto act as regent re•gent (also Regent) adjective [after noun]the Prince Regent

Adj1

Regency buildings, furniture etc are from or in the style of the period 1811–1820 in Britain

a period of government by a regent (=person who governs instead of a king or queen

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Vitriol ˈvɪtriəl n1

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very cruel and angry remarks that are intended to hurt someone’s feelings2old use sulphuric acid

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Vendor ˈvendə

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a person who sells things, for example food or newspapers, usually outside on the streetstreet vendors2 (formal) a company that sells a particular productsoftware vendors3 (law) a person who is selling a house, etc

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Spatial ˈspeɪʃəl adj2

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formal or technical)relating to space and the position, size, shape, etc. of things in itchanges taking place in the spatial distribution of the population the development of a child's spatial awareness (= the ability to judge the positions and sizes of

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Realm n2 relm

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an area of activity, interest, or knowledgein the ....of literature At the end of the speech he seemed to be moving into the realms of fantasy.2 (formal) a country ruled by a king or queen kingdomthe defence of the realmbeyond/within the realms of possibilitynot possible/possibleA successful outcome is not beyond the realms of possibility

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Reconcile v3 ˈrekənsaɪl/

sth (with sth

In everyday English, people usually say that two people make up rather than saying that they are reconciled:They had a fight, but they seem to have made up now

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sth (with sth) to find an acceptable way of dealing with two or more ideas, needs, etc. that seem to be opposed to each otheran attempt to reconcile the need for industrial development with concern for the environment It was hard to reconcile his career ambitions with the needs of his children

to make people become friends again after an argument or a disagreement~ sbThe pair were reconciled after Jackson made a public apology

o make sb/yourself accept an unpleasant situation because it is not possible to change it resign yourself toHe could not reconcile himself to the prospect of losing her

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Entity ˈentɪti

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something that exists separately from other things and has its own identityThe unit has become part of a larger department and no longer exists as a separate entity. These countries can no longer be viewed as a single entity

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Pierce v3 pɪəs pɪrs

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to make a small hole in sth, or to go through sth, with a sharp object~ sthThe arrow pierced his shoulder. He pierced another hole in his belt with his knife. to have your ears/nose, etc. pierced (= to have a small hole made in your ears/nose, etc. so that you can wear jewellery there

to be suddenly seen or heardSirens pierced the silence of the night. Shafts of sunlight pierced the heavy mist

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Intertwine v2 ˌɪntəˈtwaɪn

Intertwined

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if two or more things ..... or are inter....ed, they are twisted together so that they are very difficult to separateintertwining branches~ sth (with sth) a necklace of rubies intertwined with pearls2 [transitive, usually passive, intransitive] ~ (sth) to be or become very closely connected with sth/sb elseTheir political careers had become closely intertwined

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Trait n1treɪt

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A particular quality in your personalitypersonality .... Awareness of class is a typically British trait

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Intuitive ɪnˈtuːɪtɪv adj3

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(of ideas) obtained by using your feelings rather than by considering the factsHe had an intuitive sense of what the reader wanted.2 (of people) able to understand sth by using feelings rather than by considering the facts3 (of computer software, etc.) easy to understand and to use in•tui•tive•ly/BrE ɪnˈtjuːɪtɪvli; NAmE ɪnˈtjuːɪtɪvli/ adverbIntuitively, she knew that he was lying

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Counter- intuitive

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adjectivethe opposite of what you would expect or what seems to be obviousThese results seem counter-intuitive

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Restraint rɪˈstreɪnt n4

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a rule, a fact, an idea, etc. that limits or controls what people can doThe government has imposed export restraints on some products. social restraints on drinking alcohol

] the act of controlling or limiting sth because it is necessary or sensible to do sowage restraint They said that they would fight without restraint (= completely freely) for what they wanted

the quality of behaving calmly and with control self-controlThe police appealed to the crowd for restraint. He exercised considerable restraint in ignoring the insults

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Deteriorate dɪˈtɪriəreɪt v1

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te 16th cent. (in the sense ‘make worse’): from late Latin ...- ‘worsened’, from the verb deteriorare, from Latin deterior ‘worse’. example bank[intransitive]to become worseHer health deteriorated rapidly, and she died shortly afterwards. deteriorating weather conditions~ into sth The discussion quickly deteriorated into an angry argument. de•teri•or•ation/BrE dɪˌtɪəriəˈreɪʃn; NAmE dɪˌtɪriəˈreɪʃn/ noun [uncountable, countable]a serious deterioration in relations between the two countries

te 16th cent. (in the sense ‘make worse’): from late Latin deteriorat- ‘worsened’, from the verb deteriorare, from Latin deterior ‘worse’. example bank[intransitive]to become worseHer health deteriorated rapidly, and she died shortly afterwards. deteriorating weather conditions~ into sth The discussion quickly deteriorated into an angry argument. de•teri•or•ation/BrE dɪˌtɪəriəˈreɪʃn; NAmE dɪˌtɪriəˈreɪʃn/ noun [uncountable, countable]a serious deterioration in relations between the two countries

te 16th cent. (in the sense ‘make worse’): from late Latin deteriorat- ‘worsened’, from the verb deteriorare, from Latin deterior ‘worse’. example bank[intransitive]to become worseHer health deteriorated rapidly, and she died shortly afterwards. deteriorating weather conditions~ into sth The discussion quickly deteriorated into an angry argument. de•teri•or•ation/BrE dɪˌtɪəriəˈreɪʃn; NAmE dɪˌtɪriəˈreɪʃn/ noun [uncountable, countable]a serious deterioration in relations between the two countries

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Mentor n1/v noun ˈmentɔː(r)

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an experienced person who advises and helps sb with less experience over a period of timeShe was a friend and mentor to many young actors. compare mentee men•tor•ing/BrE ; NAmE / noun [uncountable]a mentoring programme The point of the mentoring programme is to empower young fathers with parenting skills

be someone's mentor:Now she mentors undergraduates who are training to be teachers

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Pardon n/v/interjection v2 ˈpɑːrdn

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1to officially allow someone who has been found guilty of a crime to go free without being punished:The two spies were pardoned yesterday by the President.2[not in progressive] formal to forgive someone for behaving badly SYN forgivepardon somebody for somethingHe could never pardon her for the things she had said

to forgive someone for behaving badly SYN forgivepardon somebody for somethingHe could never pardon her for the things she had said

Noun.

1an official order allowing someone who has been found guilty of a crime to go free without being punishedgrant/give somebody a pardonTyler was convicted but was granted a royal pardon (=one given by a king or queen

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Pave

Pave the way for sth

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1to cover a path, road, area etc with a hard level surface such as blocks of stone or concretepave withThe city centre streets are paved with dark local stone.a paved courtyard2pave the way for something to make a later event or development possible by producing the right conditions:The Supreme Court decision paved the way for further legislation on civil rights.3the streets are paved with gold used to say that it is easy to become rich quickly in a particular place

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Equity ˈekwɪti n4

In finance

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technical the amount of money that you would have left if you sold your house and paid off the money you borrowed to buy the house

a situation in which all people are treated equally and no one has an unfair advantage OPP inequity:a society run on the principles of equity and justice

the principle that a fair judgment must be made in a situation where the existing laws do not provide an answer

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Faze v1

Unfazed adj1

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mid 19th cent. (originally US): variant of dialect feeze ‘drive or frighten off’, from Old English fēsian, of unknown origin. example bank~ sb [often passive] (informal)to make you feel confused or shocked, so that you do not know what to do disconcertShe wasn't fazed by his comments. He looked as if nothing could faze him If a new or difficult situation fazes you, it makes you feel confused or shocked, so that you do not know what to do:John was embarrassed, but it didn’t faze Mike a bit. Adj.not worried or surprised by sth unexpected that happensShe was totally unfazed by the newsmid 19th cent. (originally US): variant of dialect feeze ‘drive or frighten off’, from Old English fēsian, of unknown origin. example bank~ sb [often passive] (informal)to make you feel confused or shocked, so that you do not know what to do disconcertShe wasn't fazed by his comments. He looked as if nothing could faze him If a new or difficult situation fazes you, it makes you feel confused or shocked, so that you do not know what to do:John was embarrassed, but it didn’t faze Mike a bit. Adj.not worried or surprised by sth unexpected that happensShe was totally unfazed by the newsmid 19th cent. (originally US): variant of dialect feeze ‘drive or frighten off’, from Old English fēsian, of unknown origin. example bank~ sb [often passive] (informal)to make you feel confused or shocked, so that you do not know what to do disconcertShe wasn't fazed by his comments. He looked as if nothing could faze him If a new or difficult situation fazes you, it makes you feel confused or shocked, so that you do not know what to do:John was embarrassed, but it didn’t faze Mike a bit. Adj.not worried or surprised by sth unexpected that happensShe was totally unfazed by the newsmid 19th cent. (originally US): variant of dialect feeze ‘drive or frighten off’, from Old English fēsian, of unknown origin. example bank~ sb [often passive] (informal)to make you feel confused or shocked, so that you do not know what to do disconcertShe wasn't fazed by his comments. He looked as if nothing could faze him If a new or difficult situation fazes you, it makes you feel confused or shocked, so that you do not know what to do:John was embarrassed, but it didn’t faze Mike a bit. Adj.not worried or surprised by sth unexpected that happensShe was totally unfazed by the newsmid 19th cent. (originally US): variant of dialect feeze ‘drive or frighten off’, from Old English fēsian, of unknown origin. example bank~ sb [often passive] (informal)to make you feel confused or shocked, so that you do not know what to do disconcertShe wasn't fazed by his comments. He looked as if nothing could faze him If a new or difficult situation fazes you, it makes you feel confused or shocked, so that you do not know what to do:John was embarrassed, but it didn’t faze Mike a bit. Adj.not worried or surprised by sth unexpected that happensShe was totally unfazed by the newsmid 19th cent. (originally US): variant of dialect feeze ‘drive or frighten off’, from Old English fēsian, of unknown origin. example bank~ sb [often passive] (informal)to make you feel confused or shocked, so that you do not know what to do disconcertShe wasn't fazed by his comments. He looked as if nothing could faze him If a new or difficult situation fazes you, it makes you feel confused or shocked, so that you do not know what to do:John was embarrassed, but it didn’t faze Mike a bit. Adj.not worried or surprised by sth unexpected that happensShe was totally unfazed by the newsmid 19th cent. (originally US): variant of dialect feeze ‘drive or frighten off’, from Old English fēsian, of unknown origin. example bank~ sb [often passive] (informal)to make you feel confused or shocked, so that you do not know what to do disconcertShe wasn't fazed by his comments. He looked as if nothing could faze him If a new or difficult situation fazes you, it makes you feel confused or shocked, so that you do not know what to do:John was embarrassed, but it didn’t faze Mike a bit. Adj.not worried or surprised by sth unexpected that happensShe was totally unfazed by the newsmid 19th cent. (originally US): variant of dialect feeze ‘drive or frighten off’, from Old English fēsian, of unknown origin. example bank~ sb [often passive] (informal)to make you feel confused or shocked, so that you do not know what to do disconcertShe wasn't fazed by his comments. He looked as if nothing could faze him If a new or difficult situation fazes you, it makes you feel confused or shocked, so that you do not know what to do:John was embarrassed, but it didn’t faze Mike a bit. Adj.not worried or surprised by sth unexpected that happensShe was totally unfazed by the new

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Irreverent ɪˈrevərənt adj1

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not showing respect to sb/sth that other people usually respectirreverent wit an irreverent attitude to tradition The movie takes an irreverent look at the

someone who is irreverent does not show respect for organizations, customs, beliefs etc that most other people respect – often used to show approval:his irreverent sense of humourShe has an irreverent attitude towards

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Reverent ˈrevərənt

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late Middle English: from Latin reverent- ‘revering’, from the verb revereri from re- (expressing intensive force) + vereri ‘to fear’. example bank(formal)showing great respect and admiration

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Oarsman ˈɔːzmən n1

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someone who rows a boat, especially in races → rower

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Splurge splɜːdʒ v1

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 intransitive] ~ (sth) (on sth) (informal)to spend a lot of money on sth that you do not really need

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Deposite dɪˈpɒzɪt n6/v5 noun

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a sum of money that is given as the first part of a larger payment down paymentThey normally ask you to pay $100 (as a) deposit. All deposits are non-refundable. (BrE) We've put down a 5% deposit on the

] a sum of money that is paid by sb when they rent sth and that is returned to them if they do not lose or damage the thing they are rentingto pay a deposit They'll probably ask you to leave a deposit

a sum of money that is paid into a bank accountDeposits can be made at any branch

a layer of a substance that has formed naturally undergroundmineral/gold/coal deposits6 a layer of a substance that has been left somewhere, especially by a river, flood, etc, or is found at the bottom of a liquidThe rain left a deposit of mud on the windows

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Deposite verb 5

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3. sth to put money into a bank account

. to put or lay sb/sth down in a particular placeShe deposited a pile of books on my desk. (informal) I was whisked off in a taxi and deposited outside the hotel

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Virtue ˈvɜːtʃuː n5

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moral goodness of character and behaviour OPP vice:Women have often been used as symbols of virtue.2[countable] a particular good quality in someone’s character OPP vice:Among her many virtues are loyalty, courage, and truthfulness.3[uncountable and countable] an advantage that makes something better or more useful than something elsevirtue ofAdam Smith believed in the virtues of free trade.Wilkins is now extolling (=praising very much) the virtues of organic farming

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Handout ˈhændaʊt n4

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food, money or clothes that are given to a person who is poorto be dependent on handouts2 (often disapproving) money that is given to a person or an organization by the government, etc, for example to encourage commercial activity3 a free document that gives information about an event or a matter of public interest, or that states the views of a political party, etc. see also press release4 a document that is given to students in class or people attending a talk, etc. and that contains a summary of the lesson/talk, a set of exercises

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Peddle v3

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1to sell goods to people, especially goods that people disapprove of because they are illegal, harmful, or of not very high quality → push, deal:They were accused of peddling drugs.people who peddle cigarettes to young children2to try to sell things to people, especially by going from place to place:Farmers come to Seoul to peddle rice.a door-to-door salesman peddling his wares (=selling his goods)3to try to persuade people to accept an opinion or idea which is wrong or false:politicians peddling instant solutions to long-standing problems

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Dwindle ˈdwɪndl v1

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late 16th cent.: frequentative of Scots and dialect dwine ‘fade away’, from Old English dwīnan, of Germanic origin; related to Middle Dutch dwīnen and Old Norse dvína. example bank[intransitive]to become gradually less or smallerdwindling audiences a dwindling band of supporters~ (away) (to sth) Support for the party has dwindled away to nothing.~ (from sth) (to sth) Membership of the club has dwindled from 70 to 20

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Menstrual ˈmenstruəl adj1

Menstr

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’.connected with the time when a woman each month

connected with the time when a woman menstruates each monthThe average length of a woman's menstrual cycle is 28 days. menstrual blood (formal) a menstrual period

word originlate Middle English: from Latin menstrualis, from menstruum ‘menses’, from mensis ‘month

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Menstruate v1 ˈmenstrueɪt

Menstruation

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when a woman , usually every month, blood flows from her body

the process or time of menstruating

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Portable adj3 ""

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ˈpɔːtəbəl

1able to be carried or moved easily:a portable radio2a portable computer program can be used on different computer systems3portable benefits American English health insurance, pension plans etc that workers can keep when they move from one job to another

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Incarcerated ɪnˈkɑːsəreɪt 1

Incarcerate 1

From Latin in carcer

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put sb in prison or in another place from which they cannot escape imprisonThousands were incarcerated in labour camps. in•car•cer•ation/BrE ɪnˌkɑːsəˈreɪʃn; NAmE ɪnˌkɑːrsəˈreɪʃn/ noun [uncountable]There have been angry protests about his arrest and incarceration

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Depot ˈdiːpoʊ n1⁰

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1a place where goods are stored until they are needed:the company’s distribution depota fuel storage depot2bus/tram etc depot British English a place where buses etc are kept and repaired3American English a railway station or bus station, especially a small one

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Frenzy ˈfrenzi n3

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ˈ] a state of great anxiety or excitement, in which you cannot control your behaviourfrenzy ofa frenzy of religious feelingin a frenzyThe women were screaming and in a frenzy to get home.Doreen had worked herself into a frenzy.2[countable] a time when people do a lot of things very quicklyfrenzy ofa frenzy of activitya selling frenzy3a feeding frenzya)an occasion when a lot of people get involved in an activity in an uncontrolled way:The film put America’s moviegoers into a feeding frenzy.b)an occasion when a lot of wild animals, especially sharks, eat something in a very excited way

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Tuition n1 tjuˈɪʃən

Tuition fee

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the act of teaching sth, especially to one person or to people in small groupsShe received private tuition in French. The course involves six hours of individual .... per week. I studied dance for two years under her expert tuition.2 (also tuˈition fees[plural]) the money that you pay to be taught, especially in a college or university

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Well-being

Well-being officer

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feeling of being comfortable, healthy, and happywell-being ofWe are responsible for the care and well-being of all our patients.a sense/feeling of well-beingA good meal promotes a feeling of well-being.physical/psychological/material etc well-beingthe physical and emotional well-being of the children2the well-being of a country is the state in which it is strong and doing well:We are now concerned for the economic well-being of the country

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Impeach ɪmˈpiːtʃ v2 law

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: ...., from Late Latin impedicare ‘to fasten the feet together’, from Latin pedica ‘ of a court or other official body, especially in the US) to charge an important public figure with a serious crime2 ~ sth (formal) to raise doubts about sth questionto impeach sb's motives im•peach•ment

: ...., from Late Latin impedicare ‘to fasten the feet together’, from Latin pedica ‘ of a court or other official body, especially in the US) to charge an important public figure with a serious crime2 ~ sth (formal) to raise doubts about sth questionto impeach sb's motives im•peach•ment

: ...., from Late Latin impedicare ‘to fasten the feet together’, from Latin pedica ‘ of a court or other official body, especially in the US) to charge an important public figure with a serious crime2 ~ sth (formal) to raise doubts about sth questionto impeach sb's motives im•peach•ment

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Wreak riːk v2

1wreak havoc/mayhem/destruction

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1wreak havoc/mayhem/destruction (on something) to cause a lot of damage or problems:These policies have wreaked havoc on the British economy.2wreak revenge/vengeance (on somebody) formal to do something unpleasant to someone to punish them for something they have done to you:He promised to wreak vengeance on those who had betrayed him

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Satan ˈseɪtn n1

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the Devil, considered to be the main evil power and God’s opponent

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Alms ɑːmz

Old English ælmysse, ælmesse, from Christian Latin eleemosyna, from Greek eleēmosunē ‘compassion’, from eleēmōn ‘compassionate’, from eleos ‘mercy

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plural] (old-fashioned)money, clothes and food that are given to poor people

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Lent n1

Also p.p of lend

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in the Christian Church, the period of 40 days from Ash Wednesday to the day before Easter, during which some Christians give up some type of food or activity that they enjoy in memory of Christ's suffering

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Parable n1 ˈpærəbəl

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a short simple story that teaches a moral or religious lesson, especially one of the stories told by Jesus in the Bible

Middle English: from Old French parabole, from an ecclesiastical Latin sense ‘discourse, allegory’ of Latin parabola ‘comparison’, from Greek parabolē ‘placing side by side, application’, from para- ‘beside’ + bolē ‘a throw’ (from the verb ballein).

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Ferment v2/n1

Fermented

Yeast jiːst

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late Middle English: from Old French ferment (noun), fermenter (verb), based on Latin fermentum ‘yeast’, from fervere ‘to boil

to experience a chemical change because of the action of yeast or bacteria, often changing sugar to alcohol; to make sth change in this wayFruit juices ferment if they are kept for too long

Red wine is fermented at a higher temperature than white

state of political or social excitement and confusiona period of intense political ferment

Old English, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch gist and German Gischt ‘froth, yeast’, from an Indo-European root shared by Greek zein ‘to boil’.[uncountable, countable]a fungus used in making beer and wine, or to make bread rise

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Workmanship n1 ˈwɜːkmənʃɪp

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the skill with which sb makes sth, especially when this affects the way it looks or worksOur buyers insist on high standards of workmanship and materials. The sword is a fine example of Celtic workmanship

skill in making things, especially in a way that makes them look good SYN craftsmanship

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Jerusalem ""

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dʒəˈruːsələm

a city in Israel, which is of great historical importance to Jews, Christians, and Muslims. It has many important places for all these religions, such as the Wailing Wall, the Mount of Olives, and the Dome of the Rock, an ancient and very holy Muslim building. Jerusalem is regarded by Israel as its capital city, but many Arab people do not accept this

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Minister ˈmɪnɪstə(r) v1/n3 verb

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ˈ... to sb/sth(formal) to care for sb, especially sb who is sick or old, and make sure that they have everything they need Middle English (in sense 2; also in the sense ‘a person acting under the authority of another’): from Old French ministre (noun), ministrer (verb), from Latin minister ‘servant’, from minus ‘less

ˈ... to sb/sth(formal) to care for sb, especially sb who is sick or old, and make sure that they have everything they need Middle English (in sense 2; also in the sense ‘a person acting under the authority of another’): from Old French ministre (noun), ministrer (verb), from Latin minister ‘servant’, from minus ‘less

ˈ... to sb/sth(formal) to care for sb, especially sb who is sick or old, and make sure that they have everything they need Middle English (in sense 2; also in the sense ‘a person acting under the authority of another’): from Old French ministre (noun), ministrer (verb), from Latin minister ‘servant’, from minus ‘less

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Defunct dɪˈfʌŋkt adj 1

Back 60

no longer existing, operating or being useda largely defunct railway network

mid 16th cent. (in the sense ‘deceased’): from Latin defunctus ‘dead’, past participle of defungi ‘carry out, finish’, from de- (expressing reversal) + fungi ‘perform

Front 61

Descend from sb/sth 2

Back 61

1be ..... from somebody to be related to a person or group who lived a long time ago:She claims to be descended from Abraham Lincoln.The people here are descended from the Vikings.2to have developed from something that existed in the past SYN come from:ideas that descend from those of ancient philosophers

Front 62

I.e /ˌaɪ ˈiː/

Back 62

written before a word or phrase that gives the exact meaning of something you have just written or said:The film is only open to adults, i.e. people over 18.

Front 63

Counterpart ˈkaʊntərpɑːrt n1

Back 63

 example banka person or thing that has the same position or function as sb/sth else in a different place or situation opposite numberThe Foreign Minister held talks with his Chinese counterpart. The women's shoe, like its male counterpart, is specifically designed for the serious tennis player

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In utero /ˌɪn ˈjuːtərəʊ

Uterus /ˌɪn ˈjuːtərəʊ

Back 64

nside a woman's uterus, before a baby is bornThe test can be performed in utero

Uterus ˈjuːtərəs

the organ in women and female animals in which babies develop before they are born

Front 65

Overly adv1 ˈoʊvərli

Back 65

too or very:Your views on economics are overly simplistic.I’m not overly fond of cats

Front 66

In honour of sb /sth

Back 66

in order to show respect and admiration for sb/stha ceremony in honour of those killed in the explosion A banquet was held in her honour

Front 67

Feud n1/v1 fjuːd

Back 67

an angry and bitter argument between two people or groups of people that continues over a long period of time~ (between A and B)a long-running feud between the two artists~ (with sb) a feud with the neighbours a family feud (= within a family or between two families)~ (over sb/sth) a feud over money

to have an angry and bitter argument with sb over a long period of timeHe has been feuding with his brother for years. feuding families/gangs feud•ing/BrE fjuːdɪŋ; NAmE fjuːdɪŋ/ noun [uncountable]stories of bitter feuding between rival drug

Middle English fede ‘hostility, ill will’, from Old French feide, from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German vēde, of Germanic origin; related to foe

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Sag sæɡ v1

Back 68

1to hang down or bend in the middle, especially because of the weight of something SYN droop:The branch sagged under the weight of the apples.The skin around my eyes is starting to sag.a sagging roof2to become weaker or less valuable OPP flourish:attempts to revive the sagging economy—sag noun [uncountable and countable]:a sag in the mattress

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Dismember dɪsˈmembə(r) v2

Back 69

1to cut a body into pieces or tear it apart2formal to divide a country, area, or organization into smaller parts SYN break up—dismemberment noun

Front 70

Necrophilia ˌnekrəˈfɪliə

Back 70

Origin: nekros ( → NECROMANCY) + English -philiasexual interest in dead bodies

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Hallucinogen n1 hæˈluːsɪnədʒən

Hallucination həˌluːsɪˈneɪʃən

Hallucinate

17th cent. (in the sense ‘be deceived, have illusions’): from Latin hallucinat- ‘gone astray in thought’, from the verb hallucinari, from Greek alussein ‘be uneasy or distraught

Back 71

A drug, such as LSD, that affects people's minds and makes them see and hear things that are not really there

something which you imagine you can see or hear, but which is not really there, or the experience of this:The patients suffered hallucinations caused by the drug

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Conundrum n2 kəˈnʌndrəm

Back 72

a confusing problem or question that is very difficult to solve

2 a question, usually involving a trick with words, that you ask for

late 16th cent.: of unknown origin, but first recorded in a work by Thomas Nashe, as a term of abuse for an eccentric or pedant, later coming to denote a whim or fancy, also a pun. Current senses date from the late 17th cent. example bank1

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Riddle n2/v2 verb ?

Back 73

a question that is difficult to understand, and that has a surprising answer, that you ask sb as a gameStop talking in riddles (= saying things that are confusing) —say what you mean. to solve the riddle of the Sphinx2 a mysterious event or situation that you cannot explain mysterythe riddle of how the baby died

to make a lot of holes in sb/sthThe car was riddled with bullets. a bullet-riddled carbe ˈriddled with sthto be full of sth, especially sth bad or unpleasantHis body was riddled with cancer. Her typing was slow and riddled with mistakes. The woods are riddled with rabbit holes

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Paratrooper ˈpærətruːpə(r)

Paratroop

Back 74

a soldier who is trained to jump out of a plane using a parachute

soldiers who are trained to jump from planes using a parachute

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Boom n6/v3

Opp slump slʌmp

Back 75

a sudden increase in trade and economic activity; a period of wealth and successLiving standards improved rapidly during the post-war boom.~ in sth a boom in car sales a boom year (for trade, exports, etc.) a property/housing boom a chaotic period of boom and bust

a period when sth such as a sport or a type of music suddenly becomes very popular and successfulThe only way to satisfy the golf boom was to build more courses

to make a loud deep soundOutside, thunder boomed and crashed

to fall in price, value, number, etc, suddenly and by a large amount dropSales have slumped this year.~ by sth Profits slumped by over 50%.~ (from sth) (to sth) The paper's circulation has slumped to 90 000.2 [intransitive] + adv./prep. to sit or fall down heavilyThe old man slumped down in his chair. She slumped to her knees

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Rife adj 2 ra^if

Back 76

if something bad or unpleasant is ..., it is very common:Violent crime is rife in our inner cities.2rife with something full of something bad or unpleasant:The crowded factories are rife with disease.3run rife to spread quickly in an uncontrolled way:No one knew exactly what he had done, but speculation ran rife

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Swath bre n/v sweɪð $ swɑːð, swɒːð, sweɪð

Back 77

1a long thin area of something, especially landswathe ofThe bomb had left a swathe of the town centre in ruins.A swathe of sunlight lay across the floor.2a long thin area of grass or plants that has been cut down:We cut a swathe through the dense undergrowth.3cut a swathe through something to destroy a large amount or part of something

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Loud adj3 adv adj laʊd

About person

Back 78

(of a person or their behaviour) talking very loudly, too much and in a way that is annoying

of colours, patterns, etc.) too bright and lacking good taste

Adv

in a way that makes a lot of noise or can be easily heard loudly Do you have to play that music so loud? You'll have to speak louder—I can't hear you. She screamed loud enough to wake the dead

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Acquaint v1

Acquaintance əˈkweɪntəns n

Back 79

’.~ sb/yourself with sth (formal)to make sb/yourself familiar with or aware of sthPlease acquaint me with the facts of the case. You will first need to acquaint yourself with the filing system.

Middle English: from Old French acointier ‘make known’, from late Latin accognitare, from Latin accognoscere, from ad- ‘to’ + cognoscere ‘come

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Acquaintance əˈkweɪntəns

Back 80

a person that you know but who is not a close friendClaire has a wide circle of friends and acquaintances. He's just a business acquaintance. I bumped into an old acquaintance on the

knowledge of sthI had little acquaintance with modern poetry

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Platonic pləˈtɑːnɪk adj1

Back 81

mid 16th cent.: via Latin from Greek P..., from Platōn ‘Plato’.(of a relationship) friendly but not involving sexplatonic love Their relationship is strictly platonic

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Impending adjective1

Back 82

usually of an unpleasant event) that is going to happen very soon imminenthis impending retirement warnings of impending danger/disaster They were all filled with a sense of impending

Front 83

Constrained adj1 kənˈstreɪnd

Constrain kənˈstreɪn v3

Back 83

not natural; forced or too controlled..... emotions He seemed to be behaving in a strange and constrained manner passive] ~ sb to do sth to force sb to do sth or behave in a particular wayThe evidence was so compelling that he felt constrained to accept it. The company said that it was constrained to raise prices.2 [often passive] to restrict or limit sb/sth~ sthResearch has been constrained by a lack of funds.~ sb (from doing sth) She felt constrained from continuing by the threat of losing her job. Men and women are becoming less constrained by stereotyped roles

not natural; forced or too controlled..... emotions He seemed to be behaving in a strange and constrained manner passive] ~ sb to do sth to force sb to do sth or behave in a particular wayThe evidence was so compelling that he felt constrained to accept it. The company said that it was constrained to raise prices.2 [often passive] to restrict or limit sb/sth~ sthResearch has been constrained by a lack of funds.~ sb (from doing sth) She felt constrained from continuing by the threat of losing her job. Men and women are becoming less constrained by stereotyped roles

not natural; forced or too controlled..... emotions He seemed to be behaving in a strange and constrained manner passive] ~ sb to do sth to force sb to do sth or behave in a particular wayThe evidence was so compelling that he felt constrained to accept it. The company said that it was constrained to raise prices.2 [often passive] to restrict or limit sb/sth~ sthResearch has been constrained by a lack of funds.~ sb (from doing sth) She felt constrained from continuing by the threat of losing her job. Men and women are becoming less constrained by stereotyped roles

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Aristocrat ˈærɪstəkræt n1

Aristocracy n1

Aristocrat

Back 84

someone who belongs to the highest social class

the people in the highest social class, who traditionally have a lot of land, money, and power:dukes, earls, and other members of the aristocracythe landed aristocracy (=who own a lot of land

late 18th cent.: from French aristocrate (a word of the French Revolution), from aristocratie, from Greek aristokratia, from aristos ‘best’ + -kratia ‘power’. example banka member of the aristocracy

Front 85

Pseudonym ˈsuːdənɪm n1

Back 85

banka name used by sb, especially a writer, instead of their real nameShe writes under a pseudonym. The rebel chief uses the pseudonym ‘Tigrillo

mid 19th cent.: from French pseudonyme, from Greek pseudōnymos, from pseudēs ‘false’ + onoma ‘name’. example

Front 86

Pseudo- suːdoʊ

Back 86

from Greek pseudēs ‘false’, pseudos ‘falsehood’.(in nouns, adjectives and adverbs) not genuine; false or pretendedpseudo-intellectual pseudo-science

Front 87

Inception ɪnˈsepʃn n1

late Middle English: from Latin inceptio(n-), from incipere ‘begin

Back 87

singular] (formal)the start of an institution, an organization, etcThe club has grown rapidly since its inception in 2007.

Front 88

Embargo n1/ ˈbɑːrɡoʊ v2

Back 88

Origin: ..... ‘to stop, prevent, seize

an official order to stop trade with another country SYN boycott, sanctionsembargo on/againstan embargo on wheat exportsan embargo against the countryimpose/lift an embargo (=start or end one)Many allies are pushing to lift the embargo.trade/arms/oil etc embargo

1to officially stop particular goods being traded with another country SYN boycott:Several countries embargoed arms shipments to Yugoslavia.2to stop information from being made public until a particular date or until permission is given SYN censor

Front 89

Rift

Lumber rift sawing

Back 89

Civil Engineering Materials describes .... as a process where boards are cut radially. Thus, the grain is always nearly parallel to the short edge of the board and thus nearly perpendicular to the long edge of the board. This produces stable boards with comparatively thin grain; least susceptible to warping, twisting, or cupping; and hence most valued for products where dimensional stability is critical (e.g. musical instruments, high-end sports equipment).This is similar to the process used to make wood shingles. The word "rift" derives from "rive", which describes the splitting of a bolt of lumber along its radius

Front 90

Redact v1 rɪˈdækt

Back 90

to remove information from a document because you do not want the public to see itAll sensitive personal information has been redacted from the public documents. The software lets you mark text to redact and then create a new, redacted version

Front 91

Affidavit ˌæfɪˈdeɪvət n1

Back 91

written statement that you swear is true, for use as proof in a court of law

Medieval LatinOrigin: ‘he or she has made a formal promise’, from affidare

, from Latin ad- ‘to’ + Vulgar Latin fidare

‘to trust’a

Front 92

Artemis ˈɑːtəmɪs n1

Back 92

in Greek mythology, the goddess of hunting and the Moon. In Roman mythology her name is diana

Front 93

Exquisite ɪkˈskwɪzɪt n1

Back 93

extremely beautiful or carefully

made exquisite craftsmanship Her wedding dress was absolutely exquisite.2 (formal) (of a feeling) strongly felt acuteexquisite pain/pleasure3 (formal) delicate and sensitiveThe room was decorated in exquisite taste. an exquisite sense of timing

late Middle English (in the sense ‘precise’): from Latin exquisit- ‘sought out’, from the verb exquirere, from ex- ‘out’ + quaerere ‘seek’. example bank1

Front 94

Handsome ˈhænsəm adj5

Back 94

.

More .... and most .... are more common1 (of men) attractive good-lookinga .... faceHe's the most handsome man I've ever met. He was aptly described as ‘tall, dark, and handsome ’.2 (of women) attractive, with large strong features rather than small delicate onesa tall, handsome woman The bride and groom made a handsome couple.3 beautiful to look ata handsome horse/house/city The two of them made a handsome couple.4 large in amount or quantitya handsome profit He was elected by a handsome majority (= a lot of people voted for him). a handsome cheque5 generousShe paid him a handsome compliment. It was very handsome of him to pay for the meal. hand•some•ly

Middle English: from hand + -some. The original sense was ‘easy to handle or use’, hence ‘suitable’ and ‘apt, clever’ (mid 16th cent.), giving rise to the current appreciatory senses (late 16th cent

Front 95

Nourishment ˈnʌrɪʃmənt $ ˈnɜː-, ˈnʌ n2

Back 95

1the food and other substances that people and other living things need to live, grow, and stay healthy:lack of proper nourishmentThe soil provides nourishment for plant roots.2something that helps a feeling, idea, or belief to grow strongeremotional/intellectual/spiritual nourishmenta child starved of emotional nourishment

Front 96

Amendment n2 əˈmendmənt

Back 96

] a small change or improvement that is made to a law or a document; the process of changing a law or a documentto introduce/propose/table an amendment (= to suggest it) Parliament passed the bill without further amendment.~ to sth She made several minor amendments to her essay.2 Amendment [countable] a statement of a change to the Constitution of the USThe 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote.

Front 97

Precipitation prɪˌsɪpəˈteɪʃən n3

Back 97

rain, snow etc that falls on the ground, or the amount of rain, snow etc that falls2[uncountable and countable] technical a chemical process in which a solid substance is separated from a liquid3[uncountable] formal the act of doing something too quickly in a way that is not sensible

Front 98

Especially ɪˈspeʃəli 4 adv

Specially

Back 98

more with one person, thing, etc. than with others, or more in particular circumstances than in others particularly The car is quite small, especially if you have children. Teenagers are very fashion conscious, especially girls. I love Rome, especially in the spring.2 for a particular purpose, person, etcI made it especially for you.3 very much; to a particular degreeI wasn't feeling especially happy that day. ‘Do you like his novels?’ ‘Not especially

Specially adv2

for a particular purpose, person, etcThe ring was specially made for her. a specially designed diet plan We came specially to see you.2 (informal) more than usual or more than other thingsIt will be hard to work today—specially when it's so warm and sunny outside. I hate homework. Specially history

Front 99

Compliment v1 /n6 verb ˈkɒmplɪmənt

Back 99

Verb formto say something nice to someone in order to praise themcompliment somebody on somethingBob complimented me on my new hairstyle.The groom was so nervous he forgot to compliment the bridesmaids

a remark that expresses praise or admiration of sbto pay sb a compliment (= to praise them for sth) ‘You understand the problem because you're so much older.’ ‘I'll take that as a compliment!’ It's a great compliment to be asked to do the job. to return the compliment (= to treat sb in the same way as they have treated you)2 compliments [plural] (formal) polite words or good wishes, especially when used to express praise and admiration

Front 100

Automobile ˈɒːtəmoʊ n2

Back 100

the automobile industry an automobile accident

Front 101

Void n/adj/v noun adj

Back 101

Noun

a large empty spaceBelow him was nothing but a black void. (figurative) The void left by his mother's death was never filled. She sat staring into the void, emptying her mind of all thoughts

of sth (formal) completely lacking sth devoidThe sky was void of stars.2 (law) (of a contract, an agreement etc.) not valid or legalThe agreement was declared void.3 (formal) empty

Middle English (in the sense ‘unoccupied’): from a dialect variant of Old French vuide; related to Latin vacare ‘vacate’; the verb partly a shortening of avoid, reinforced by Old French voider

Front 102

That is not an option

Back 102

.....used when you want to emphasize that something that has just been suggested is not acceptable to you

Front 103

Conveyor n1 kənˈveɪə

Convey v2

Convoy n/v ˈkɒnvɔɪ

Back 103

1a person or thing that carries or communicates something:the conveyer of good news2a conveyor belt

1to communicate or express something, with or without using words:All this information can be conveyed in a simple diagram.Ads convey the message that thin is beautiful.He was sent to convey a message to the UN Secretary General.convey something to somebodyI want to convey to children that reading is one of life’s greatest treats.convey a sense/an impression/an idea etcYou don’t want to convey the impression that there’s anything illegal going on.2formal to take or carry something from one place to another:Your

group of vehicles or ships travelling together, sometimes in order to protect one anotherconvoy ofThe British left in a convoy of 20 cars.in convoyWe drove in convoy

Front 104

Aero- ˈeərəʊ

Aeronautic ˌeərəˈnɔːtɪks

Back 104

in nouns, adjectives and adverbs) connected with air or aircraftaerodynamic aerospace

the science or practice of building and flying aircraft aero•naut•ic•al/BrE ˌeərəˈnɔːtɪkl; NAmE ˌerəˈnɔːtɪkl/ adjectivean aeronautical engineer

Front 105

Conquer ˈkɑːŋkər v5

Conquerer

Back 105

to take control of a country or city and its people by forceThe Normans conquered England in 1066. In 330 BC Persia was conquered by

to defeat sb, especially in a competition, race, etcThe world champion conquered yet another challenger last night.3 ~ sth to succeed in dealing with or controlling sthThe only way to conquer a fear is to face it. Mount Everest was conquered (= successfully climbed) in 1953.4 ~ sth to become very popular or successful in a placeThe band is now setting out to conquer the world

Front 106

Duchy dʌtʃi n1

duchies)(also duke•dom

Back 106

an area of land that is owned and controlled by a duke or duchessthe Duchy of Cornwall

Front 107

Abundantly əˈbʌndəntli adv2

Abundant əˈbʌndənt adj1

Back 107

clear very clearShe made her wishes abundantly clear.2 in large quantitiesCalcium is found most abundantly in milk.

clear very clearShe made her wishes abundantly clear.2 in large quantitiesCalcium is found most abundantly in milk.Abundant existing in large quantities; more than enough plentifulFish are abundant in the lake. We have abundant evidence to prove his guilt

clear very clearShe made her wishes abundantly clear.2 in large quantitiesCalcium is found most abundantly in milk.Abundant existing in large quantities; more than enough plentifulFish are abundant in the lake. We have abundant evidence to prove his guilt

clear very clearShe made her wishes abundantly clear.2 in large quantitiesCalcium is found most abundantly in milk.Abundant existing in large quantities; more than enough plentifulFish are abundant in the lake. We have abundant evidence to prove his guilt

clear very clearShe made her wishes abundantly clear.2 in large quantitiesCalcium is found most abundantly in milk.Abundant existing in large quantities; more than enough plentifulFish are abundant in the lake. We have abundant evidence to prove his guilt

clear very clearShe made her wishes abundantly clear.2 in large quantitiesCalcium is found most abundantly in milk.Abundant existing in large quantities; more than enough plentifulFish are abundant in the lake. We have abundant evidence to prove his guilt

clear very clearShe made her wishes abundantly clear.2 in large quantitiesCalcium is found most abundantly in milk.Abundant existing in large quantities; more than enough plentifulFish are abundant in the lake. We have abundant evidence to prove his guilt

Abundant existing in large quantities; more than enough plentifulFish are abundant in the lake. We have abundant evidence to prove his guilt

Front 108

Retreat n5/v rɪˈtriːt

Back 108

to move away from a place or an enemy because you are in danger or because you have been defeatedThe army was forced to retreat after suffering heavy losses. We retreated back down the mountain. They retreated to a safe distance from the fighting. advance move away/back2 [intransitive] to move away or back recedeHe watched her retreating figure. The flood waters slowly retreated. change decision3 [intransitive] + adv./prep. to change your mind about sth because of criticism or because a situation has become too difficult back offThe government had retreated from its pledge to reduce class sizes. He told them not to retreat in the face of opposition from the public

Front 109

Proclaim prəˈkleɪm v3

Back 109

to publicly and officially tell people about sth important declare~ sth The president proclaimed a state of emergency. The day was proclaimed a public holiday.~ that… The charter proclaimed that all states would have their own government.~ sb/sth/yourself + noun He proclaimed himself emperor.~ sb/sth/yourself to be/have sth Steve checked the battery and proclaimed it to be dead.~ how, what, etc… The senator proclaimed how shocked he was at the news.+ speech ‘We will succeed,’ she proclaimed.2 to show sth clearly; to be a sign of sth~ sthThis building, more than any other, proclaims the character of the town.~ sb/sth + noun His accent proclaimed him a Scot.~ sb/sth to be/have sth His accent proclaimed him to be a Scot

Front 110

Defunct dɪˈfʌŋkt n1

Back 110

no longer existing, operating or being useda largely defunct railway network

mid 16th cent. (in the sense ‘deceased’): from Latin defunctus ‘dead’, past participle of defungi ‘carry out, finish’, from de- (expressing reversal) + fungi ‘perform

Front 111

Tribute ˈtrɪbjuːt b3

Back 111

 example bank1 [uncountable, countable] ~ (to sb) an act, a statement or a gift that is intended to show your respect or admiration, especially for a dead personAt her funeral her oldest friend paid tribute to her life and work. The crowd stood in silent tribute to those who had died in the war. This book is a fitting tribute to the bravery of the pioneers. floral tributes (= gifts of flowers at a funeral)2 [singular] ~ to sth/sb showing the good effects or influence of sth/sbHis recovery is a tribute to the doctors' skill.3 [uncountable, countable] (especially in the past) money given by one country or ruler to another, especially in return for protection or for not being attacked

Front 112

Trivialities

Triviality ˌtrɪviˈælɪti 2

Trivial ˈtrɪviəl

trivialis ‘found everywhere, common’, from trivium ‘place where three roads meet, crossroads’, from tri- + via ‘way

Back 112

something that is not important at all:Don’t waste time on trivialities.2[uncountable] the fact of not being at all important or serious:the triviality of daytime TV

not serious, important, or valuabletrivial problem/matter/complaint etcWe were punished for the most trivial offences.a trivial sumHer feelings for Simon seemed trivial by comparison

Front 113

Sell-off ame

Back 113

the sale of a large number of stocks and shares, after which their value usually falls

the sale by the government of an industry or a service to individual people or private companies

Front 114

Masculine ˈmæskjʊlən adj3

Back 114

having the qualities or appearance considered to be typical of men; connected with or like menHe was handsome and strong, and very masculine. That suit makes her look very masculine. compare feminine, male2 (grammar) belonging to a class of words that refer to male people or animals and often have a special form‘He’ and ‘him’ are masculine pronouns.3 (grammar) (in some languages) belonging to a class of nouns, pronouns or adjectives that have masculine gender, not feminine or neuterThe French word for ‘sun’ is masculine

Front 115

Swathe sweɪð n2/v1

Back 115

long strip of land, especially one on which the plants or crops have been cutThe combine had cut a swathe around the edge of the field. Development has affected vast swathes of our countryside.2 a large strip or area of sthThe mountains rose above a swathe of thick cloud.cut a ˈswathe through sth (of a person, fire, etc.) to pass through a particular area destroying a large part of itBuilding the tunnel would involve cutting a great swathe through the forest

to wrap or cover sb/sth in sthHe was lying on the hospital bed, swathed in bandages. The village was swathed in early morning mist

Front 116

Almighty ɔːlˈmaɪti adj3

Language: Old EnglishOrigin: ealmihtig, from eall ‘completely’ + mihtig ‘powerful

Back 116

1the ...... God/Almighty Father expressions used to talk about God that emphasize His power2God/Christ Almighty an expression used when you are angry or upset. Some people consider this use offensive.3almighty din/crash/row etc British English old-fashioned informal a very loud noise, argument etc:There was an almighty bang and the car came to a halt

Front 117

Lap n3/v3 noun

Back 117

] the top part of your legs that forms a flat surface when you are sitting downThere's only one seat so you'll have to sit on my lap. She sat with her hands in her lap.2 one journey from the beginning to the end of a track used for running, etcthe fastest lap on record She has completed six laps. He was overtaken on the final lap. to do a lap of honour (= go around the track again to celebrate winning) (NAmE) to do a victory lap3 a section of a journey, or of a piece of work, etcThey're off on the first lap of their round-the-world tour. We've nearly finished. We're on the last lap.

Front 118

Lap v

Back 118

(of water) to touch sth gently and regularly, often making a soft soundThe waves lapped around our feet. the sound of water lapping against the boat2 [transitive] ~ sth (of animals) to drink sth with quick movements of the tongue3 [transitive] ~ sb (in a race) to pass another runner on a track who is one or more laps behind youShe had already lapped most of the other runners.ˌlap sthˈup1 (informal) to accept or receive sth with great enjoyment, without thinking about whether it is good, true or sincereIt's a terrible movie but audiences everywhere are lapping it up. She simply lapped up all the compliments.2 to drink all of sth with great enjoymentThe calf lapped up the bucket of milk

Front 119

Conquest ˈkɑːŋkwest n4

Back 119

] the act of taking control of a country, city, etc. by forcethe Norman Conquest (= of England in 1066)2 [countable] an area of land taken by forcethe Spanish conquests in South America3 [countable] (usually humorous) a person that sb has persuaded to love them or to have sex with themI'm just one of his many conquests. I think you've made a conquest.4 [uncountable] the act of gaining control over sth that is difficult or dangerousthe conquest of inflation

Front 120

Adherent ədˈhɪrənt n1

Back 120

someone who supports a particular belief, plan, political party etcadherent ofadherents of the Greek Orthodox Churchadherent toThe anti-globalization movement is attracting new adherents to its principles

Front 121

File v5

People file somewhere

Back 121

if people ....somewhere, they walk there in a line:We began to file out into the car park.The mourners filed past the coffin

to use a metal or wooden tool to rub something in order to make it smooth:File down the sharp edges.She sat filing her nails

to keep papers, documents etc in a particular place so that you can find them easily:The contracts are filed alphabetically.file something under somethingI looked to see if anything was filed under my name.file something awayThe handbooks are filed away for future

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Aspirant ˈæspərənt n1

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a person with a strong desire to achieve a position of importance or to win a competitionaspirants to the title of world champion They were asked to select the party candidate from 20 aspirants

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Wretched adj4

Wretchedness n

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iddle English: formed irregularly from ... + -ed. example bank1 (of a person) feeling ill/sick or unhappyYou look wretched—what's wrong? I felt wretched about the way things had turned out.2 (formal) extremely bad or unpleasant awfulShe had a wretched time of it at school. The animals are kept in the most wretched conditions.3 (formal) making you feel sympathy or pity pitifulShe finally agreed to have the wretched animal put down.4 [only before noun] (informal) used to show that you think that sb/sth is extremely annoyingIs it that wretched woman again? wretch•ed•ly/BrE ˈretʃɪdli; NAmE ˈretʃɪdli/ adverb‘I'm so sorry,’ she said wretchedly.wretch•ed•ness/BrE ˈretʃɪdnəs; NAmE ˈretʃɪdnəs

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Wretch retʃ/ n2

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Old EnglishOrigin: wrecca ‘person driven out’1someone that you feel sorry for:He was a lonely, miserable wretch.2someone you are annoyed with:Stop pulling my hair, you wretch