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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aspects of frontal lobe
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Pre-central gyrus: primary mo cortex
Prefrontal cortex: emotions and judgments Broca's area: motor aspects of speech |
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Aspects of parietal lobe
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Postcentral gyrus: primary sensory cortex
Touch, proprioceptive, pain, temp sensations Plays a role in vision Visuospatial aspects |
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Aspects of temporal lobe
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Primary auditory cortex: receives/processes
Associative auditory cortex: processes auditory Wernicke's area: language comprehension |
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Aspects of occipital lobe
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Primary visual cortex
Visual association cortex |
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What does the limbic system consist of?
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Hippocampus: long term memory
Amgdala: fear, aggression, anger Parahippocampus: spatial memory Hypothalamus Cingulate gyrus: automatic functions, HR, BP, cognitive processing Thalamus: anterior nuclei Operates by influencing endocrine and ANS Functions include feeding, aggression, emotions, sexual response |
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Circuits/functions of BG
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1. Oculomotor circuit (caudate loop): functions with saccadic eye movts
2. Skeletomotor circuit (putamen loop): Scale amplitude and velocty of movements; reinforces seleted pattern, suppresses coflicting patterns, preparatory for movt 3. Limbic circuit: Organized behaviors and for procedural learning |
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Thalamuc function
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Sensory nuclei: Relay sensory information
Motor nuclei: relay mo info from cerebellum and globus pallidus to precentral mo. cortex |
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Major components of BG
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1. Corpus striatum (caudate nucleus and lenticular nuclei)
2. Globus pallidus 3. Substanta nigra (in brainstem) |
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Fxt of hypothalamus
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Controls fxts of ANS and neuroendocrine system
Maintains body homeostasis: regulates body temp, eating, water balance, emotions |
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Components of midbrain
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Tegmentum (contains ascending/descending tracts)
Subsantia nigra (mo. control and mm tone) Sup colliculus: vision Inferior colliculus: auditory Periaqueductal gray |
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3 parts of the cerebellum
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Flocculonodular lobe: regulation of mm tone
Spinocerebellum: modifes mm tone and synergistic actions of mm Pontocerebellum: smooth coordination, ensures accurate force, Important for mo. learning |
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Gray matter in SC
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ANT horns: efferents
POS horns: afferents (dorsal root ganglia) Enlarged at cervical and lumbosacral segments for major plexuses Lateral horn in thoracic and upper lumbar for fibers of ANS |
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Dorsal columns-medial lemniscus pathway:
Type of sensation Does it cross Where does it terminate |
Fine touch (discriminative), proprioception, vibraction
Cross in medulla at lamniscal dsuccation to form medial lemnisus Ascend to thalamus and then to sensory cortex |
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Spinothalamic tracts
Type of sensation Does it cross Where does it termination |
Pain and temp (lateral)
Crude touch (anterior) Ascends 1 or 2 segments via Lissauer's tract, synapses and crosses in the spinal cord Goes to thalamus and then to sensory cortex |
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What does the spinoreticular tract convey?
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Deep and chronic pain to reticular formation of brainstem via diffuse, polysnaptic pathways
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Corticospinal tract:
Where does it cross |
Crosses in medulla at pyramidal decussation
10% of fibers do not cross and travel in anterior corticospinal tract to cervical and upper thoracic segments |
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Importance of rubrospinal tract
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Assists in motor function
Facilitates flexion in UE |
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Importance of reticulospinal system?
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Modifies transmission of sensation, especially pain
Influences gamma mo neurons and spinal reflexes |
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Importance of tectospinal tract?
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Arises from superior colliculus and assists in head-turning response to visual stimuli
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Location of parasympathetic system in SC?
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Craniosacral
CNs III, VII, IX, X Pelvic nerves |
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Carotid system blood supply description
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ICA arise off of common carotids and branch to form anterior and middle cerebral arteries
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Vertebrobasilar sstem of blood supply descirption
What does it supply |
Vertebral arteries arise off subclavian artery and unite to form basilar artery
Basilar bifurcates into 2 posterior cerebral arteries Supplies brainstem, cerebellum occipital lobe, and parts of thalamus |
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Function of CN V
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Sensation to face and cornea
Motor to mm of mastication |
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CN VII
Sensory Motor Autonomic |
Sensory: anterior 2/3 tounge
Motor: mm of facial expression Autonomic: salivatory and lacriminal glands |
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CN IX
Sensory Motor Autonomic |
Sensory: posterior 1/3 of tounge
Motor: Stylopharyngeus mm Autonomic: Parotid gland |
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CN X
Sensory Motor Autonomic |
Sensory: taste from epiglottis
Motor: mm of swallowing Autonomic: abdominal and thoracic viscera |
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CNs associated with pupillary reflex
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II (afferent)
III (efferent) |
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Specific motor function of CN III
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Adducts, elevates, depresses eye
If eye is abducted, means theres something wrong with this nerve |
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Afferent and efferent of corneal reflex
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Afferent: CN V
Efferent; CN VII |
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afferent and efferent of gag reflex
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Afferent: IX
Efferent: X |
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anterior vs. posterior rami of spinal nerves
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Anterior: form nerve plexuses
Posterior: Supplies muscles and skin of back |
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Inverse stretch reflex
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IB from GTO
Inhibits agonist |
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What is Cheyne-Stokes Respiration?
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Bizarre breathing pattern characterized by period of apnea lasting 10-60 seconds
Followed by gradually increasing and then decreasing depth and frequence of respiration Abnormality of neurologic respiration center Can occur ith TBI or CHF |
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What would cause:
Bitemporal hemianopsia Blindness in 1 eye |
Injury to optic chiasm
Damage to optic nerve |
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Deficits seen with lesion to CN IX?
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Slight dysphasia, loss taste pos 1/3 tounge, loss of gag reflex
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Deficits seen with lesion to CN X
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Dysphagia, hoarseness, paralysis of soft palate
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