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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The pineal gland is a part of what structure?
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epithalamus
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Is the pineal gland located on the anterior or posterior aspect of the 3rd ventricle?
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posterior
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What type of cells does the pineal gland consist of?
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Pinealocytes
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Through what structure does the retina project to the pineal gland?
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hypothalamus
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In post-pubertal humans, what is thought to be the primary fuction of the pineal gland?
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production of melatonin for sleep
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If you have a hyperactive pineal gland the onset of puberty will be delayed or accelerated?
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delayed
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What is the thin strip of tissue that connects the two walls of the 3rd ventricle?
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Masa intermedius
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As you age, you get calcium deposits in the pineal gland and choroid plexus, these are called: ____ and it were used to diagnose:
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brain sand, brain injuries like subdural hematoma
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From anterior to posterior, name the three sections of the hypothalamus:
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supraoptic(suprachiasmatic), tuberal, and mammillary
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Name the 4 major inputs to the hypothalamus:
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Septal region, thalamus, fornix, and group 4 (vagal sensory, taste from solitary nucleus, somatic from genitalia/nipples, retinal afferents)
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list the steps from the amigdala to the cingulate gyrus
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Amigdala>hippicampus> fornix>mamillary nucleus of hypothalamus > anterior nucleus of thalamus > cingulate gyrus
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Which three afferents to the hypothalamus are related w/ the limbic system:
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Septal region, thalamus, fornix
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If stalk of Rathke’s pouch doesn’t disappear during development, then what condition can result?
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you can have a duct that drains anterior pituitary hormones into oral cavity
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Which hormones are related to the neurohypophysis
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vasopressin (ADH) & oxytocin
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Diabetes insipidus results in what condition and is caused by lack of what?
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incessant urination & vasopressin
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Excessive vasopressin reduces urination and is called:
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Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH
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Prolactin Inhibiting hormone (PIH) was discovered to be what?
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dopamine
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What is the condition that results in spontaneous lactation called?
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galactorrhea
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If a patient presents with galactorrhea and bilateral vision loss, they most likely have _______
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prolactinoma, (causing compression of optic chiasm)
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beta-lipotropin is a precursor of
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beta endorphins
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which receptors in the hyopthalamus control the release of ADH?
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osmoreceptors
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When light stimulates your sleeping eye, the retinosuprachiasmatic pathway activates what cascade of hormone release that assists in waking?
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release of CRH (corticotropin RH) increasing ACTH, that increases cortisol level from adrenal cortex, which causes increase of epinepherine from adrenal medulla
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