Neuroanatomy Cerebellum

Front 1

What takes in information about place and turns it into a timed output?

Back 1

Cerebellum

Front 2

Hallmark of cerebellum dysfunctions

Back 2

intention tremor, moving past time, and inappropriate timing of activatoin of agonists and antagonists

Front 3

3 major functions of the cerebellum

Back 3

1. Equilibrium to help to control upright stance along with vision and vestibular sense.
2. Posture, reinforces axial m. tone to maintain muscles of the axial skeleton and allows the distal m. to be ready for movement
3. intended movements, works with cerebral cortex to generate the motor program for planning and excecution of intended movements

Front 4

what is cerebellum derived from?

Back 4

metencephalon. It develops as an outgrowth of the alar plate of the metencephalon

Front 5

what is structure of cerebellum called?

Back 5

rhombic sip

Front 6

most anterior part of cerebellum to most posterior part

Back 6

inferior colliculis
superior medulary velum
fourth ventricle
arbor vitae white matter
cerebellar cortex

Front 7

White matter in middle of cerebellum

Back 7

Arbor Vitae

Front 8

What connect arbor vitae to inferior colliculis?

Back 8

medulary velum

Front 9

what is at midline between two cerebellum hemispheres?

Back 9

Vermis

Front 10

Anterior lobe of cerebellum composition

Back 10

1,2,3,4,5 lobules
Deals with posture

Front 11

What seperates anterior and posterior lobes of cerebellum?

Back 11

primary fissure

Front 12

Posteror lobe of cerebellum compostin

Back 12

made up of lobules 6-10
deals wit inteded movements

Front 13

Most posterior part of cerebellum

Back 13

Flocculonodular lob

Front 14

What seperate Floculonduar from posterior lobe?

Back 14

posterolateral fissure

Front 15

What does flocconodular lobe have connections to?

Back 15

to and from systems. it is very important in vestibular system

Front 16

What does vermis of cerebellum control?

Back 16

postural m.

Front 17

What do cerebellum hemispheres control?

Back 17

extremity, or distal m.

Front 18

What is in the center of the saggital section of the cerebellum?

Back 18

folium

Front 19

Describe the sagittal section of the cerebellum

Back 19

Horizontal row of cells that stretches from midline out laterally.Every element of corical structure is incorporated into the folium

Front 20

2 major divisions of the cerebellum

Back 20

1. Cortico gray matter
2. Deep cerebellar nuclei "dentate matter"

Front 21

fine ridges or bumps lateral to the deep cerebellar nuclei

Back 21

folia of cerebellar cortes

Front 22

Where are the cerebellar deep nuclei?

Back 22

inside cerebellar cortex white matter

Front 23

how many nucleus are in each cerebellar hemisphere?

Back 23

4 per hemi

Front 24

what are the four cerebellar deep nuclei

Back 24

Fastigial nucleus
glosbose nucleus
emboliform nucleus
dentate nucleus

Front 25

Fastigial nucleus of cerebellum

Back 25

related to vermis only. It is the vestigial nucleu. It is very medial in cerebellar and is important for postural movements.

Front 26

Nucleus in cerebellum that is related to vestibular function

Back 26

fastigial nucleus

Front 27

Globuse nucleus

Back 27

combines with emoliform n. to form interposed n. it is related to the cortex

Front 28

Interposed n. of cerebellum

Back 28

embolism n. + globose n.
Deals with the intermediate cortex. It is found between the fastigial and dentate n.

Front 29

Dentate nucleus

Back 29

in lateral cerebellum. It is associated with lateral hemisphere. It controls fine control of movements

Front 30

what are folia of cerebellum?

Back 30

each lobule has sublobules and folia are subdivisons of the sublobules. They are the basic unit of the cerebellum bc every element of cortical structure is incorporated into follium

Front 31

three layers of cerebellar cortex

Back 31

molecular
purkinje
granular

Front 32

purkinje cell layer of cerebellum

Back 32

marjor output cell of cerebellar cortex. It is a huge dendritic tree. It contains only the cell bodies of the purkinje cells

Front 33

major output cell of cerebellar cortex

Back 33

purkinje cell

Front 34

where are granular cell axons?

Back 34

in molecular layer

Front 35

granular layer

Back 35

granule cells. The axons of granule cells come up through the granular layer and contacts the purkinje cell layer. parallel fibers contact and excite purkinje cell dendrites and run the entire length of the folia

Front 36

layot of purkinge cell dendrites

Back 36

they are in one plane so they are exposed to many fibers running acroos cerebellum

Front 37

afferents to cerebellum

Back 37

1. climbing fibers from inferior olive. fibers come in and go right to dendrites of pukinje cell. for each purkinje cell there is only one climbing fiber
2. mossy fibers come into the cerebellar cortex and synapse on billions of granulecell dendrites

Front 38

granular cells

Back 38

cells whose bodies reside in the granular layer and are activated by mossy fibers they send axons called parallel fibers into the molecular layer

Front 39

glomerus

Back 39

where mossy fibers end

Front 40

golgi cell

Back 40

cells that areactivated by the parallel fibers of granular cells and in turn inhibi the granular cells.

Front 41

only outpput of cerebellum

Back 41

purkinje cellls

Front 42

inferior cerebellar peduncle

Back 42

input to cerebellum. Contains output tract to the vestibular nuclei from the fastigial n.

Front 43

superior cerebellar peduncle

Back 43

major source of outputs for the cerebellum. Contains thedentatothalmic tract as well as other ouputs

Front 44

middle cerebellar peduncle

Back 44

input to cerebellum. contains pontocerebellar tract

Front 45

basket cells

Back 45

inhibit purkinje cells. Basket cells are arranged so that they project to sagittal folium columns of purkinje fibers

Front 46

what surrounds purkinje cell bodies?

Back 46

pipcaux

Front 47

Where do ALL climbing fibers come from?

Back 47

inferior olive and the synapse on only ONE purkinje dendrites

Front 48

Where do mossy fibers come from?

Back 48

pre cerebellar nuclei. The pontine nuclei is the largest single source

Front 49

what do mossy fibers come into contact with?

Back 49

granual cells

Front 50

What do purkinje cells inhibit?

Back 50

deep nuclear cells

Front 51

What are excitatory synapses in the cerebellum?

Back 51

climbing fibers, mossy fibers, and parallel fibers from granular cells

mossy fibers excite granular cells and granular cells excite dendrites

Front 52

What are inhibitory synapses in cerebellar cortex?

Back 52

Basically everything except three excitatory.

Basket cells, golgi cells, purkinje cell

Front 53

complex spinke vs. simple spke

Back 53

complex spike is a climbing fiber and it takes longer.Complex spike deal with changes in what is expected and wht actually happens. simple spike are associated with activation through mossy fibers they are fast. Both depolarize purkinje cells

Front 54

three main outputs for cerebellar nuclei

Back 54

1.for equilibrium. vermis-fastigial n.- vestibular app.
2.for posture. intermed. cortex-interposed n.-red nucleus
3.for fine movment. cerebellar hemi-dentate n.-ventrolateral thalmus

Front 55

somatotopy of cerebellar cortex

Back 55

mosaic representation.

Front 56

All cerebellar afferents

Back 56

skin, muscle, viscera, visual, hearing, limbic, olfaction

Front 57

Describe cortical output

Back 57

timed bursts of inhibition. Cerebellum changes place to time

Front 58

What disturbances are caused if cerebellar problem?

Back 58

disturbance in timeing of muscle movements

Front 59

Cerebellar dysfunctions

Back 59

intentional tremors
decompostion of movement
pastpointing
dysdiadochonkisis
nystatgumus(eyes jump out)
ataxia of thought

Front 60

Single largest input to the cerebellum

Back 60

opposite cerebellum throught the basilar pontine nuclei

Front 61

intentional tremor

Back 61

inability to stop an intentional movement on time resulting in an overshoot and compensation

Front 62

connections of anterior lobe of cerebellum

Back 62

intermediat cortex-interposed n.-superior cerebellar peducncel-rednucleus-spinal level

Front 63

connections of flocculonodular lobe

Back 63

direct and indirect connections to and from cerebellum and vestibular n. provide substrate for cerebella to help with equilibrium

Front 64

three legs of equilibrium

Back 64

visiion
cerebellum
vestibular n.

equilibrium requires two of three legs

Front 65

connections of the neocerebellum

Back 65

hemisphere impacts dentate, signal moves to ventral lateral thalmus which imppacts premotor and motor areas of cortex

Front 66

ataxia

Back 66

inability to coordinate voluntary movement

Front 67

what is the longest part of rxn time.

Back 67

for cortex to send info to cerbellum, pons, an inf olive

Front 68

what does lateral funicular system impact?

Back 68

Flexors: Rubrospinal, corticopsinal, medulaar reticulospinal

Front 69

Waht does ventral fanicular system impact?

Back 69

extensor muscle tone: VESTIBULOPSINAL and pontine reticulospinal

They both impaact muscle tone

Front 70

When does cerebellum uncergo tremndous development

Back 70

postnatlly

Front 71

3 elements of equilibrium

Back 71

vision
vestibular
intact cerebellum

need 2/3

Front 72

3 lobes of cerebellum

Back 72

posterior-fine movement
ant-posture
flocculonodular

Front 73

number of lobes in cerebeluum

Back 73

10 lobes. 1-5 in ant. 6-9 in post. lobe 10 makes up flocculonodular lobe

Front 74

Nucleus under vermis

Back 74

fastigial n. has tight connections with vestibular function

Front 75

What cerebellar structures aid with axial muscle?

Back 75

intermediate cortex and vermis.

Dentate n. is in involved with appendicular (lateral)

Front 76

basket cell

Back 76

interneuron of cerebellar cortex. forms basket around pukije cell boddy to inhibit them.