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121 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What do flruorquinolones inhibit?
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DNA Gyrase and thus DNA synthesis
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FGS
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What are some side effects to flruoquinolones
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Photosensitivitivy and visual disturbances
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Think F sound
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What is the ending that denotes fluoroquiniolones?
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Oxacin
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Both have O in them
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What are the fluoroquinolones
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Ciproflaxin, and levofloxacin
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What does the tetracyline drugs inhibit?
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30S ribosome
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What are some diseases that tetracycline inhibits?
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Rocky mountain fever and gonohrea
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What do the tetracycline names end in?
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Cycline
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What are some tetracycline?
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Demecolcyline, minocycline
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Demons miners on cycles
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What are Ketolides derived from?
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Erythromycin
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What do Ketolides inhibit
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50S ribosomal subunit
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What diseases do Ketolides work on?
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Respiratory diseases
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L-->Lungs
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What are Strepotgramin derived from
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Steptomyces prisinaespiralis
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What do the streptogramins inhibt?
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50S and peptidyl transferase
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What are the two streptogramins used and in what ratio?
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Quinupristin and dalfopristin. 30:70 mixtures
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What is a major side-effect of tetracyclines
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Photosensitivity, messed up teeth
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Are streptogramins static or cidal?
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Static
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Double SS
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What to oxazolidinones act upon?
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50S ribosomal sub-unit binding ability
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What is the one oxazolidinone? Is it static or cidal?
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Linezolid, static
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What does Mupirocin interfere with?
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tRNA synthesis
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What do Mupirocins treat?
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strep and staph
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What are the second line drugs?
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Chloramphenicol, clindamycin, spectinomycin, vanomycin
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CCSV
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What does Chloramphenicol inhibit?
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50S subunit
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Are chloremphenical ony for serious infection?
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Yes
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What are the two major side effects of Chloramphenicol?
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Bone marrow reduction and gray baby syndrome.
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What makes Clindamycin special?
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Penicillin resistant
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Is clindamycin static of cidal?
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Static, protein inhibitor
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How does Vanomycin work?
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Suppress cell wall synthesis
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What are some side-effects of Vanomycin
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Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
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For tuberculosis, what are the first line drugs?
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Isoniazid
Rifampin Pyrazinamide Ethambutol |
IRPE
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What are the second line drugs of tuberculosis
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Strepmycin
Amikacin Cycloserine |
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What makes Isoniazid so special
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It is the most potent and most selective
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Are the isoniazid cidal or static
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cidal
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How do isoniazid act
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Synthesis of protein, and lipids
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What is a major side effect of Isoniazid
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Optic Neuritis
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Ehtambutol is resistant to what?
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Streptomycin
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Ehtambutol inhibits what
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RNA synthesis
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What is a side effect of Ethambutol
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Optic Neuritis
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How does Rifampin work?
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Inhibis DNA gyrase and RNA polyerase
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What is a side effect of rifampin?
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Reddish body fluids
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Rifampin/red
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What drug must pyranzinamide be paired with?
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Rifampin
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What makes Pryazinamide special
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Advanced TB, INH resistant
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How is leprosy transmitted
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Respiratory
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How long does it take for leprosy to reproduce
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12.5 days
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What are the anti-leprosy drugs
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Rifampin, dapsone, clofazimine, ofloxacin, and minocycline
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What does Dapsone inhibit?
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Didydropteroate
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Which drug has an unknown action against leprosy?
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Clofazmine
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What are the four classes of antivirals?
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Fusion inhibitors,
Nucleoside inhibitors Non-nucleoside inhibitors Protease inhibitors |
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How does HIV act?
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Infect T helper cells
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What are the viruses that work via DNA?
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Adenovirus
Herpes and Pipilloma |
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What are the virus that work via RNA
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Retrovirus and influenza
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Where does adenovirus infect
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Respiratory and eyes
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Where does herpes infect
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Meninges and retinas
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Where does retrovirus infect
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cancer and aids
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Acyclovir treats what?
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Mucosal and cutaenous Herpes simplex and herpes zoster.
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What nucleotide is Acyclovir an analog of
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Guanesine
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How does Ayclovir act?
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Inhibits DNA synthesis
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How does amantadine act?
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inhibit replication
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What viruses does amantadine inhibit?
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Influenz A and parinsonism
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What drugs are a purine nucleoside analogue?
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Ganciclovir Foscanet
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What is a side effect of Ganciclovir
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Retinitis
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How does Zidovudine act?
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Terminates viral replication
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What does Ivir and avir refer to?
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Protease inhibitors
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What does obsolescence mean
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bacterial resistance
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What is a superinfection
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Disruption of normal flora allowing more bacteria entrance.
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What are the mechanisms of bacterial inhibition
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Inhibit cell wall
Damage membrane Modify nucleic acid Modification of protein sysnthesis Moderate energy metabolism |
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What does propylactic therapy refer to?
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Preventative
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What is the difference between empiric and directed
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Empirically means you know the pathogen, directed you do not
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What is minimal inhibitory concentration
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Minimal amount of concentraion /ml that dissallows bacterial growth
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Minimal bacterial concentration
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Kills all on agar plate
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What are the two types of drugs that have concentration and post-antibiotic affect.
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Fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides
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What are the two drugs that have the ability enter the cell for intracellular infections?
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Isoniazid and rifampin
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What is the desired peak concentration at the site of infection
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4 X MIC
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What side-effect to sulfonamides cause?
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Newborn Kernicterus
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What drugs cause neurotoxitity
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Penicillins, imipenem, and quinolones
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What drugs are outlawed for pregnancy reason
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Rifampin, trimethoprim, and quinolones
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What does sulfonimides replaces?
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Biliruibin--> causing CNS toxicity
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What two drugs are usually prescirbed together?
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Pyridoxine and isoniazid
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During pregnancy, what does Aminoglycosides causes
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Eighth nerve damage
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During pregnancy, what does chloramphenicol
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Gray baby syndrome
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During pregnancy, what does erythormycine
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Hepatisis in pother
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During pregnancy, what does metronidazole
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teratogenicity
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During pregnancy, what does nitrofuration
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Hemolytic anemia
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Sulfonamides
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Hemolysise in newborn with glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
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During pregnancy, what does trimetoprim
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altered folate metabolism
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Quinolones
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Cartilage abnormalities
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Vanomycin
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Auditory toxicity
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What is indifference
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Sum of the combine activity equals sum of the separate activities
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What is synergism
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Combines activity is greater than the sum achieved separately
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What is antagonism
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you know
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What are an example of synergistic combos
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Cell wall inhibitor and aminoglycoside antibiotic
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What are teh three mecahnisms that could confer bacterial resistance?
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Conjugation
Transduction Transformation |
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What is conjugation
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Two bacterias exchange DNA info via a plasmid
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What are the special sequences taht can work with conjugation
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Transposons
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What is transduction
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DNA exchange via Phages or viruses
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What is transformation
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Pick up of free DNA in environment
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What are the four methods of resistance
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altered receptors
Enhance destruction to drug Synthesis of resistant metabolic pahtways Decrease in concentration of the dure that reaches the receptors |
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What is the most commonly used sulfonamide?
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Sulamethoxazole
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How do sulfonamides work?
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Inhibit Folic acid synthesis
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Are sulfonimides Static are cidal
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Static
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Which enzyme does sulfonamides act on
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Pteridine synthetase
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What enzme of trimethoprim act on on folic acid synthesis
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Dihydrofolate reductase
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What is a side effect of sulfonamides
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photosensitivity
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How pencillins work
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interfere with synthesis of peptidoglycas
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what are the classes of penicillins
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Natural
Penicillinase-resistant Amino |
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AWhat is a side effect of penicillins
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Black hairy tongue
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How do Cephalosporins work?
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Inhibit bacterial cell wall.
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Fourth generation work best on what type of bacteria
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Gram negative
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are cepalosporins static of cidal
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cidal
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what cephalosporin is used for propyhlaxis
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cefalozin
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what prefixes do cephalosporins have
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Cef/ph
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What is the only fourth generation Cephalosporin
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Cefepime
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How do aminoglycocides act?
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Inhibit 30S ribosome
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What prefixes are associated with aminoglycosides
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mi/ ycin
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What is the topical aminoglycocide
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neomycin sulfate
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What is the opthalmic aminoglycocide drug
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Tobramycin
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How do Macrolides act?
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50S subunit of ribosome
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What is special about the concentration of macrolides
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at lower doses, it is static, at higher doses it is cidal
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What are the prefixes associated with macrolides
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"Thromycin"
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what are the penicillin resistant penicillina
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Cloxacillin
Dicyclooxacillin Nafcillin Oxacillin |
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What is the drug of choice for ricketsia disease
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Chloramphenicol.
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What does chloramphenicol treat
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Rickettsial, Chlamydial
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