Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
most common drug of abuse
|
alcohol
|
|
|
alcohol binds to the same receptors as what class of drugs
|
benzodiaepines
|
|
|
where is alcohol absorded
|
rapidly through GI
|
|
|
what delays alcohol absorption
|
food
|
|
|
what enzymes are primarily responsible for metabolizm of alcohol
|
alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases
|
|
|
what can chronic alcoholism due to rate of metabolism
|
can speed it up to 30-50mg/dl/hr
|
|
|
signs of acute intoxication at low concentrations
|
flushed face, euphoria, dysphoria, social disinhibition, drowsiness, belligerance/aggression
|
|
|
signs of acute intoxication at higher concentrations
|
ataxia
lethargy stupor coma respiratory depression death |
|
|
how does lethal dose of alcohol vary
|
by person
|
|
|
effects of alcohol at 20-50mg/dl
|
decreased fine motor function
|
|
|
effects of alcohol at 50-100mg/dl
|
impaired judgement and coordination
|
|
|
effects of alcohol at 100-150mg/dl
|
gait ataxia and balance difficulty
|
|
|
effects of alcohol at 150-250mg/dl
|
lethargy
|
|
|
effects of alcohol at 300mg/dl
|
coma
|
|
|
effects of alcohol at 400mg/dl
|
respiratory depression
|
|
|
effects of alcohol at 500mg/dl
|
death
|
|
|
lifetime prevalence of alcoholism in aldults
|
11-15%
|
|
|
what age group has highest prevalence of problem drinking
|
18-29yrs
|
|
|
some of the risk factors for alcoholism
|
use of other drugs
more than 5 drinks in one sitting intoxicated once a week family history |
|
|
when does acute withdrawal usually happen
|
after binge drinking
|
|
|
when do withdrawal symtoms start
|
6-12 hrs after last intake
|
|
|
what is first symptom of alcohol withdrawl
|
hangover
|
|
|
when do mild symptoms of withdrawl begin
|
mild autonomic instability
anxiety insomnia GI upset |
|
|
what are the symptoms of mild autonomic instability
|
tremor
diaphoresis |
|
|
when do moderate symptoms of withdrawl show up
|
24-36hrs
|
|
|
what are moderate symptoms of alcohol withdrawl
|
worsening of the mild symptoms
|
|
|
when do severe alcohol withdrawl symptoms show up
|
48hrs
|
|
|
what are severe withdrawl symptoms
|
delirium
severe autonomic hyperactivity |
|
|
what are signs of severe delirium symptoms
|
confusion
agitation |
|
|
what are signs of severe autonomic hyperactivity
|
tremulousness
tachycardia tacypnea hyperthermia diaphoresis |
|
|
what are some other symptoms of alcohol withdrawl
|
hallucinations
seizures delirium tremens |
|
|
what precent of alchol abusers have hallucinations
|
25%
|
|
|
when do hallucination show up
|
24hrs after last intake
|
|
|
how long do hallucinations happen
|
24hrs
|
|
|
what percent of chronic drinkers have seizures
|
25-33%
|
|
|
when do seizures show up
|
24hr after last drink
|
|
|
how are alcohol withdrawl seizures treated
|
benzos
|
|
|
what percent of withdrawl seizures develop status epilepticus
|
3%
|
|
|
when does delerium tremens show up
|
24-72hrs after last intake
|
|
|
what is sign of delirium tremens
|
all the effects of alcohol withdrawl but with sever change in congintive status
|
|
|
how is delirium tremens treated
|
intensive treatment with benzos and supportive treatment
|
|
|
wernicke triad
|
ataxia
confusion ophthalmoplegia |
|
|
what causes wernickes
|
thiamine deficiency
|
|
|
what is korsakoffs
|
chronic alcholics with memory disturbances
|
|
|
what is damaged in wernickes korsakoffs syndrome
|
amygdala
meidal thalamus medial temporal lobes |
|
|
how is wernickes korsakoffs treated
|
IV thiamine
|
|
|
what is mortality of wernickes korsakoffs
|
10-20%
|
|
|
what percent of wernickes korsakoff full recover from sympotms
|
full ocular recover if early
40% complete from ataxia 20% complete from encephalopathy |
|
|
who is likely to get etoh induced neuropathy
|
chornic heavy etoh abuse
|
|
|
what type of neuropathy is etoh neuropathy
|
axonal
|
|
|
what is presentation of etoh neuropathy
|
distal tingling paresthesias, pain, or distal weakness
|
|
|
what happens to etoh neuropathy if etoh is ceased
|
improves or stabilizes
|
|
|
how is etoh neuropathy treated
|
symptomatically
|
|
|
when is cerebellar atrophy developed
|
after 10 or more years of heavy alcohol use
|
|
|
what else can cerebellar atrophy be related to
|
long-term phenytoin and lithium use
|
|
|
30% of alcoholic develop atrophy of this
|
superior vermis
|
|
|
what are symptoms and onset of cerebellar atrophy
|
gradual
ataxia dysarthria tremor |
|
|
what is cerebellar atrophy felt to be a result of
|
poor nutritional state or toxicity from etoh
|
|
|
what is necrotic in marchiafava-bignami syndrome
|
middle two-thirds of the corpus callosum
|
|
|
what are the two types of marchiafava bignami syndrome
|
type A and B
|
|
|
type A marchiafava-bignami syndrome
|
coma or severe cognitive problems associated with more severe corpus callusm damage
|
|
|
typ B marchiafava-binami syndrome
|
more subtle cognitive problems, corpus callosum edema
|
|
|
what is treatment for marchiafava-bignami syndrome
|
thiamine, B12, folate
|
