Neuro And Blood From Mcgraw-Hill And Mosby's

Front 1

What are Nodes of Ranvier

Back 1

indentations between adjacent Schwann cells

Front 2

What is the Neurilemma

Back 2

The outer cell membrane of a Schwann cell

Front 3

Two types of cells found in the nervous system

Back 3

Neurons
Glia

Front 4

another name for Nerve cells

Back 4

Neurons

Front 5

Cells that support Neurons

Back 5

Glia

Front 6

Afferent neurons

Back 6

Sensory neurons

Front 7

Transmitt impulses to the spinal cord and brain

Back 7

Afferent or Sensory neurons

Front 8

Transmit impulses away from the brain and spinal cord to muscle and glandular epithelial tissue

Back 8

Motor or Efferent neurons

Front 9

Another name for Motor neurons

Back 9

Efferent neurons

Front 10

Types of tissue Motor neurons carry impulses to

Back 10

Muscle and
Glandular epithelial tissue

Front 11

A white fatty substance formed by Schwann cells

Back 11

Myelin

Front 12

Where are schwann cells found

Back 12

on some axons outside the CNS

Front 13

holds functioning neurons together and protects them

Back 13

Glia or Neuroglia

Front 14

relatively large glial cell that looks somewhat like a star because of the threadlike extensions that jut out from their surfaces

Back 14

Astrocytes

Front 15

Their threadlike branches attach to neurons and to small blood vessles, holding these structures close to each other

Back 15

Astrocytes

Front 16

Glia smaller than astrocytes that usually remain stationary, but in inflamed or degenerating brain tissue, they enlarge, move about, and act as microbe-eating scavengers.

Back 16

Microglia

Front 17

Schwann cells form myelin sheet only in the ______ nervouse system

Back 17

peripheral

Front 18

These glia help hold nerve fibers together and produce the fatty myelin sheath that envelops nerve fibers located in the brain and spinal cord.

Back 18

Oligodendrocytes

Front 19

The most common primary disease of the CNS is a myelin disorder called

Back 19

MS
Multiple sclerosis

Front 20

describe MS

Back 20

characterized by myelin loss and destruction accompainied by varying degrees of oligodendrocyte injury and death. The result is demyelination throughout the white matter of the CNS. As myelin is lost, nerve conduction is impaired, and weakness, incoordination, visual impairment, and speech disturbances occur. Most common in woment 20-40

Front 21

The general name for tumors arising in nervous system structures is

Back 21

Neuroma

Front 22

an inherited disease characterized by numerous fibrous neuromas throughout the body

Back 22

Multiple neurofibromatosis

Front 23

A group of peripheral nerve fibers (axons) bundled together like the strands of a cable

Back 23

a NERVE

Front 24

Peripheral nerves usually have a _____ sheet and because of their color these nerves often look _____

Back 24

myelin
white

Front 25

Bundles of axons in the CNS are called

Back 25

Tracts

Front 26

Myelnated tracts of the CNS for the ______ matter

Back 26

white

Front 27

Brain and cord tissue composed of cell bodies and unmyelinated axons and dendrites is called

Back 27

gray matter

Front 28

Each axon in a nerve is surrounded by a thin wrapping of fibrous connective tissue called the

Back 28

endoneurium
pg. 240 A&P (diagram)

Front 29

Groups of axons wrapped by endoneurium are called

Back 29

fascicles

Front 30

each fascicle is surrounded by a thin, fibrous

Back 30

perineurium

Front 31

A tough, fibrous sheath that cover the whole nerve

Back 31

epineurium

Front 32

nerve impulses are sometimes called

Back 32

action potentials

Front 33

A basic type of neuron pathway

Back 33

Reflex arc

Front 34

The two simplest kinds of reflexs arcs

Back 34

two neuron and
three neuron

Front 35

types of neurons involved in a two neuron reflex arc

Back 35

sensory and motor

Front 36

types of neurons involved in a three neuron reflex arc

Back 36

sensory, interneurons, and motor neurons.

Front 37

The beginning of dendrites of sensory neurons? Impulse conduction normally starts here

Back 37

Receptors

Front 38

A group of nerve-cell bodies located in the PNS near the spinal cord

Back 38

ganglion

Front 39

A microscopic space that seperates the axon ending of one neuron from the dendrites of another neuron.

Back 39

synapse

Front 40

The motor neuron axon forms a synapse with a structure called an ______. which is an organ that puts nerve signals "into effect"

Back 40

Effector

Front 41

Effector organs can only be these two things

Back 41

muscles or glands

Front 42

The response to impulse conduction over a reflex arc is called a

Back 42

reflex

Front 43

All interneurons lie entirely with the _____ ______ of the brain or spinal cord

Back 43

Grey matter

Front 44

A 3 neuron reflex response that causes contraction of muscles to pull the leg away from an irritant--A 3 neuron arc reaction is called the

Back 44

withdrawl reflex

Front 45

Grey matter form the ____ shaped inner core of the spinal cord

Back 45

H

Front 46

what are the major divisions of the brain in ascending order

Back 46

I Brainstem
A. Medulla Oblongata
B. Pons
C. Midbrain
II Cerebellum
III Diencephalon
A. Hypothalamus
B. Thalamus

Front 47

What comprises the brain stem

Back 47

Medulla Oblongata
Pons
Midbrain

Front 48

An enlarged, upward extension of the spinal cord that lies just inside the cranial cavity above the foramen magnum.

Back 48

Medulla oblongata

Front 49

In the medulla, bits of gray matter mix closely and intricately with white matter to for the _________

Back 49

reticular formation
("netlike")

Front 50

The cardiac,respiratory, and vasomotor centers (collectively called the "vital centers") are located where?

Back 50

Medulla

Front 51

The second largest part of the brain. It lies under the occipital lobe of the cerebrum.

Back 51

Cerebellum

Front 52

Part of the brain that plays an essential part in the production of normal movements

Back 52

Cerebellum

Front 53

Part of the brain that produces smooth coordinated movements, maintain equilibrium, and sustain normal postures

Back 53

Cerebellum

Front 54

A small but important part of the brain located between the midbrain below and the cerebrum above.

Back 54

Diencephalon

Front 55

It consists of two major structures: the hypothalamus and the thalamus

Back 55

Diencephalon

Front 56

Where does ADH come from

Back 56

Some neurons in the hypothalamus function in a surprising way; they make the hormones that the posterior pituitary gland secretes into the blood. (ADH)

Front 57

This part of the brain indirectly helps control the functioning of every cell in the body

Back 57

Hypothalamus

Front 58

Dumbell-shaped section of gray matter in brain

Back 58

Thalamus

Front 59

part of brain that is a crucial part of the mechanism for maintaining body temperature

Back 59

Hypothalamus

Front 60

Part of brain involved in functions such as the regulation of water balance, sleep cycles, and the control of fear, anger, sexual arousal, and pain

Back 60

Hypothalamus

Front 61

The largest and upermost part of the brain

Back 61

Cerebrum

Front 62

The ridges and grooves of the brain are called

Back 62

Ridges =
convolutions or gyri

Grooves = Sulci

Front 63

The deepest sulci are called

Back 63

fissures

Front 64

divides the cerebrum into right and left halves or hemispheres

Back 64

longitudinal fissure

Front 65

structure that connects the left and right halves of the brain

Back 65

corpus callosum

Front 66

A thin layer of gray matter made up of neuron dendrites and cell bodies; this makes up the surface of the cerebrum.

Back 66

Cerebral cortex

Front 67

what is the interior of the crebrum composed of

Back 67

White matter, made up of bundles of nerve fibers (tracts). Whithin this white matter, are a few islands of grey matter

Front 68

What is within the white matter composing the bulk of the interior of the cerebrum

Back 68

A few islands of gray matter known as the "cerebral nuclei", or "basal ganglia"

Front 69

What is the function of the Cerebral nuclei, or basal ganglia

Back 69

their function is essential for producing automatic movements and postures

Front 70

A disease of the cerebral nuclei, sometimes called "shaking palsy" because shaking or tremors are common symptoms.

Back 70

Parkinson disease
(PD)

Front 71

Cerebral function is responsible for

Back 71

consciousness
thinking
memory
sensations
emotions
willed movements

Front 72

part of the brain that has auditory areas that interpret incoming nerve signals from the ear as very specific sounds

Back 72

Temporal lobe

Front 73

The visual areas of the Cortex

Back 73

occipital lobe

Front 74

Two-way conduction pathway between the spinal cord and higher brain centers; cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor control center

Back 74

Medulla oblongata

Front 75

Two-way conduction pathway between areas of the brain and other regions of the body; influences respiration

Back 75

Pons

Front 76

Two-way conduction pathway; relay for visual and auditory impulses

Back 76

mid brain

Front 77

Muscle coordination; maintenance of equilibrium and posture; assists cerebrum

Back 77

Cerebellum

Front 78

regulation of body temp, water balance, sleep-cycle control, appetite, and sexual arousal

Back 78

hypothalamus

Front 79

sensory relay station from various body areas to cerebral cortex; emotions and alerting or arousal mechanisms

Back 79

Thalamus

Front 80

Sensory perception, emotions, willed movemements, consciousness, and memory

Back 80

Cerebrum

Front 81

The brain secretes approx. _____ ml of CSF daily, with _____ ml continuously found within the nervous sys.tem

Back 81

500

140

Front 82

contains nearly 75% of all neurons cell bodies in the nervous system

Back 82

Cerebral cortex

Front 83

refers to paralysis of one whole side of the body

Back 83

hemiplegia

Front 84

One of the most common crippling diseases that can appear during chldhood, resulting from damage to brain tissue, involving permanent, nonprogressive damage to motor control areas of the brain, which in turn causes abnormal muscle tension that hinders movement. present at birth or occurs shortly after

Back 84

Cerebral palsy

Front 85

A chronic nervous disorder resulting from a deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine in certain parts of the brain

Back 85

Parkinson disease (PD)

Front 86

symptoms of this disease include rigidity, trembling of the head and extremities, a foward tilt of the trunk, and a shuffling manner of walking, all resulting from lack of dopamine, leading to misinformation in the parts of the brain that normally prevents the skeletal muscles from being overstimulated.

Back 86

Parkingson Disease (PD)

Front 87

What part of the body is diseased with Parkinsons Disease

Back 87

Lack of neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain affects muscle by overstimulating them.

Front 88

A place where impulses are transmitted from one neuron to another

Back 88

synapse

Front 89

The three structures that make up a synapse

Back 89

synaptic knob

synaptic cleft

plasma membrane of a postsynaptic neuron

Front 90

A tiny bulge at the end of a terminal branch of a presynaptic neuron's axon which contains many small sacs or vesicles that contain a very small quantity of a neurotransmitter

Back 90

synaptic knob

Front 91

The space between a synaptic knob and the plasma membrane of a postsynaptic neuron.

Back 91

synaptic cleft

Front 92

The part of a post synaptic neuron that has protein molecules embedded in it opposite each synaptic knob which neuro transmitter molecules bind

Back 92

Plasma membrane

Front 93

chemicals by which neurons communicate

Back 93

Neurotransmitters

Front 94

disease with onset in mid to late life characterised by dementia causing lesions that develop in the brain

Back 94

Alzheimer disease

Front 95

an inherited disease characterized by chorea (involuntary, pruposeless movements) that progresses to severe dementia and death by age 55

Back 95

Huntington disease

Front 96

what is the Frontal lobe responsible for

Back 96

Controls movements of voluntary skeletal muscles; carries out higher intellectual process, such as concentrating, planning, complex problem solving, and judging the consequences of behavior.

Front 97

what is the Parietal lobe responsible for

Back 97

Provides sensations of temperature, touch, pressure, and pain involving the skin; functions in understanding speech and in using words to express thoughts and feelings

Front 98

what is the temporal lobe responsible for

Back 98

HEARING
interprets sensory experiences and remembers visual senses, music, and other complex sensory patterns

Front 99

what is occipital lobe responsible for

Back 99

VISION
combines visual images with other sensory functions

Front 100

what area of the brain controls body temperature

Back 100

hypothalamus

Front 101

where is medulla oblongata located and what does it control

Back 101

connects brain stem to spinal cord
controls heart

Front 102

Where is the Pons located and what does it control

Back 102

Middle of brain stem and controls breathing

Front 103

The space between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater is called the

Back 103

Subdural space

Front 104

The space between the dura mater and the skull is called the

Back 104

Epidural space

Front 105

________ nerves conduct nerve impulses from a receptor along a sensory neuron to the central nervous system as part of a reflex arc

Back 105

Afferent nerves

Front 106

________ nerves conduct impulses from the central nervous system along a motor neuron

Back 106

Efferent nerves

Front 107

Name and function of cranial nerve I

Back 107

OLFACTORY
Sense of smell

Front 108

Name and function of cranial nerve II

Back 108

OPTIC
Sight

Front 109

Name and function of cranial nerve III

Back 109

OCULOMOTOR
Controls 4 of the 6 eye muscles; controls eyelid (upper); constricts pupil

Front 110

Name and function of cranial nerve IV

Back 110

TROCHLEAR
Controls 1 of the 6 eye muscles

Front 111

Name and function of cranial nerve V

Back 111

TRIGEMINAL
Sensation of face; controls muscles of chewing

Front 112

Name and function of cranial nerve VI

Back 112

ABDUCENS
Controls 1 of the 6 eye muscles

Front 113

Name and function of cranial nerve VII

Back 113

FACIAL
Controls muscles of facial expression, taste sensation, and tear and salivary glands

Front 114

Name and function of cranial nerve VIII

Back 114

VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR
(AUDITORY)
Hearing and balance

Front 115

Name and function of cranial nerve IX

Back 115

GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
Taste and sensation to back of tongue

Front 116

Name and function of cranial nerve X

Back 116

VAGUS
Sensory and motor function of palate, pharynx, and larynx

Front 117

Name and function of cranial nerve XI

Back 117

ACCESSORY
Motor function of neck and back muscles (trapezius and sternocleidomastoid)

Front 118

Name and function of cranial nerve XII

Back 118

HYPOGLOSSAL
Motor function of tongue muscles

Front 119

Begins with fever, neck stiffness; may progress rapidly to full body paralysis

Back 119

POLIOMYELITIS

Front 120

Spasmodic contraction and relaxation of muscles; may be seen in generalized seizures

Back 120

MYOCLONUS

Front 121

Sudden one-sided facial numbness and facial droop

Back 121

BELL’S PALSY

Front 122

Progressive muscle weakness that begins in the extremities

Back 122

AMYOTROPHIC LATERL SCLEROSIS

Front 123

Abnormal muscle flexion that may be reversed with diphenhydramine

Back 123

DYSTONIA

Front 124

Begins with numbness and paresthesia, and progresses as myelin sheaths degenerate

Back 124

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

Front 125

Tremors of the hands that worsen at rest; facial muscles may freeze and cause a masklike appearance

Back 125

PARKINSON’S DISEASE

Front 126

The brain receives its blood supply through anterior and posterior circulations. The internal carotid arteries branch into the left and right ?

Back 126

MCA’S
Middle cerebral arteries

ACA’s
Anterior cerebral arteries

Front 127

How might a pt. with an ACA stroke describe symptoms

Back 127

Deficit of one leg with feeling of heaviness, numbness, or weakness of the leg

Front 128

How might a pt. with a PCA describe symptoms

Back 128

Visual field deficit on the opposite side of the stroke

Front 129

High levels of arterial CO2 result in

Back 129

Cerebral vasodilation

Front 130

What is most likely to cause a hemorrhagic stroke in a young pt.

Back 130

Drug use specifically Cocaine

Front 131

Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) is equal to

Back 131

MAP – ICP

Front 132

The ________ nerve supplies the superior oblique muscle of the eye

Back 132

Trochlear

Front 133

The midbrain, pons, medulla, and reticular formation are located in the

Back 133

brain stem

Front 134

If a pt. is alert and oriented, then the ________, a part of the nervous system, is most likely intact and functioning.

Back 134

reticular formation

Front 135

A condition that results in a temporary loss of consciousness and postural tone usually caused by a brief, sudden drop in cerebral perfusion

Back 135

syncope

Front 136

A pt. appears to have normal vital signs and body temperature and is adequately hydrated. Which part of the brain influences these functions

Back 136

Hypothalamus

Front 137

Strokes are most likely caused by

Back 137

hemorrhage or clot

Front 138

which part of the brain relays messages between the cerebrum and medulla and between the cerebrum and cerebellum

Back 138

Pons

Front 139

Increased BP, tachycardia, and fluctuating respirations are associated with

Back 139

Cushings Triad

Front 140

Your pt. is able to move her arms and feel rain against her skin. The ________, a part of her brain, must still be intact

Back 140

Cerebral cortex

Front 141

A specialized portion of the brain located near the diencephalon that controls emotional responses

Back 141

Lymbic system

Front 142

Membranous protective layers that surround the brain and spinal cord and include the outer dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the inner most layer, the pia mater

Back 142

The MENINGES

Front 143

another name for the mid brain

Back 143

mesencephalon

Front 144

The ________ nervous system consists of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves and the 31 pairs of spinal nerves.

Back 144

peripheral

Front 145

The PNS is divided into which systems

Back 145

Somatic and Autonomic

Front 146

branch of PNS that controls voluntary movement of skeletal muscle

Back 146

Somatic

Front 147

Branch of PNS that controls involuntary functions such as respiration, circulation, and digestion.

Back 147

ANS
autonomic nervous system

Front 148

This kind of stimulation causes pupil dilation, increases in heart rate and the force of cardiac contraction, dilation of the bronchioles, and shunting of blood away from the skin and digestive organs

Back 148

Sympathetic

Front 149

"fight or flight"

Back 149

sympathetic

Front 150

This kind of stimulation causes pupil constriction, an increase in gastric and digestive secretions, a reduction in heart rate, and constriction of the bronchioles

Back 150

parasympathetic

Front 151

"rest and digest"

Back 151

parasympathetic

Front 152

These arteries provide most of the cerebral blood flow to the hemispheres.

Back 152

MCAs

Front 153

These arteries supply blood to areas of the brain that include motor and sensory functions of the lower extremities.

Back 153

ACAs

Front 154

At the top of the midbrain, the basilar artery branches to form the _____, _____ artery

Back 154

PCA

Front 155

The paired _____ arteries enter the base of the skull and then join at the brainstem to form the large _____ artery which braches to form the PCAs at the midbrain

Back 155

Vertebral

Basilar

Front 156

Strokes of the _____ artery depending upon how much of the brain stem is affectd, may affect all descending commands from the cerebral hemispheres and cause a pt. to be "locked in."

Back 156

Basilar artery

Front 157

A _____ occurs when a pt. exhibits the neurologic s/s of stroke that last less than 24 hours and resolve without any intervention. Typically last less than 30 min.

Back 157

TIA

Front 158

A stroke involving the _____ artery on the dominant (left) hemisphere produces aphasia and hemiparesis of the right side of the body and face.

Back 158

MCA

Front 159

A stroke involving the _____ artery of the nondominant (right) hemisphere produces hemiparesis of the left side and face and may produce a syndrome known as "neglect."

Back 159

MCA

Front 160

type of seizure commonly seen in childhood epilepsy and are cahracterized by a loss of interaction, staring off into space, and returning to normal with no memory of the event.

Back 160

Absence seizures

Front 161

The most common type of seizure in an adult with Hx of seizure. characterized by several distinct phases; Aura, Tonic/clonic, and postictial

Back 161

Tonic-clonic or grand mal

Front 162

type of seizures that occur in the frontal or temporal lobe and can produce bizarre behavior that may mimic a psychiatric disorder.

Back 162

complex partial seizure

Front 163

Type of seizure that occur in the motor area of the frontal lobe or the sensory area of the parietal lobe and produce focal motor or focal sensory seizures

Back 163

simple partial seizure

Front 164

Refers to a sudden involuntary jerking movement that is caused by a sudden contraction of muscles followed by relaxation.

Back 164

Myoclonus

Front 165

_____ is a highly infectious disease caused by the _____ virus that invades the tissue of the nervous system and can cause rapid onset of paralysis. Initial symptoms include fever, fatigue, headache, vomiting, stiffness in the neck, and pain in the extremities.

Back 165

Poliomyelitis

Polio

Front 166

branching projection of neuron

Back 166

Dendrite

Front 167

Impulse conduction in a reflex arc normally starts in

Back 167

Receptors

Front 168

A_____is the response to impulse conduction over reflex arcs.

Back 168

Reflex

Front 169

Contraction of a muscle that causes it to pull away from an irritatiing stimulus is knows as the

Back 169

withdraw reflex

Front 170

a _____ is a group of nerve-cell bodies located in the peripheral nervous system

Back 170

ganglion

Front 171

All _____ lie entirely within the gray matter of the central nervous system

Back 171

interneurons

Front 172

__________ forms the H-shaped inner core of the spinal cord

Back 172

Gray matter

Front 173

where are the Thalamus, pituitary gland, and third ventricle found

Back 173

diencephalon

Front 174

It helps control the heart rate, constriction and dilation of blood vessels, contraction of the stomach and intestines, and the release of certain anterior pituitary hormones

Back 174

hypothalamus

Front 175

Name 3 things the cerebellum helps with

Back 175

Helps produce smooth, coordinated movements

maintains equilibrium

helps maintain normal postures

Front 176

Parkinson disease is a disease of the

Back 176

Cerebral nuclei

Front 177

Part of the brain that helps in the association of sensations with emotions, as well as aiding in the arousal or alerting mechanism

Back 177

Thalamus

Front 178

An imaging technique for the brain that involves scanning the head with a revolving x-ray generator

Back 178

CT

Front 179

A scanning method that determines the functional characteristics of the brain by introducing a radioactive substance into the blood supply of the brain

Back 179

PET

Front 180

Used to visualize blood flow in the brain

Back 180

SPECT

Front 181

A scanning method that uses a magnetic field to induce brain tissues to emit radio waves

Back 181

MRI

Front 182

Measurement of electrical activity of the brain

Back 182

EEG

Front 183

Inherited disease characterized by chorea

Back 183

Huntington disease

Front 184

what are the layers of the meninges from the outermost to the inner most

Back 184

Dura
arachnoid
pia

Front 185

CSF is one of the body's circulating fluids and forms continually from fluid filtering out of the blood in a network or brain capillaries known as the

Back 185

Choroid plexus

Front 186

The spinal cord ends at the bottom of

Back 186

the 1st lumbar vertebrea

Front 187

A loss of sensation caused by a spinal cord injury is called

Back 187

Anasthesia

Front 188

The dendrites and cell bodies of parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are locted in the _______ of the brain stem and sacral segments of the spinal cord

Back 188

gray matter

Front 189

The parasympathetic nervous system has been referred to as the ________ because of the location of their cell bodies and dendrites in the CNS

Back 189

Craniosacral system

Front 190

Each parasympathetic preganglionic neuron synapses with how many postganglionic neurons

Back 190

only one to a single effector. For this reason, parasympathetic stimulation frequently involves response by only one organ

Front 191

The sympathetic system has also been referred to as _____ because of the location of it's cell bodies and dendrites in the spinal cord

Back 191

Thoracolumbar system.

Front 192

A malignant tumor of the sympathetic nervous system

Back 192

neuroblastoma

Front 193

your ______ is determined by the combined forces of the sympathetic and parasypathetic nervous systems

Back 193

heart rate

Front 194

transmits impulses away from the cell body

Back 194

Axon

Front 195

peripheral beginning of a sensory neuron's dendrite

Back 195

receptorss

Front 196

cluster of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS

Back 196

ganglion

Front 197

What 3 things does Cincinnati prehospital stroke scale check

Back 197

Facial droop

Arm Drift

Abnormal speech

Front 198

How do you check abnormal speech with cincinnati prehospital stroke scale

Back 198

ask pt. to say "you can't teach an old dog new tricks"

Front 199

How do you check arm drift with cincinnati prehospital stroke scale

Back 199

ask pt. to close eyes and hold both arms straight out for 10 sec.

Front 200

How do you check facial droop with cincinnati prehospital stroke scale

Back 200

Have pt. show teeth and smile

Front 201

Blood is divided into what two parts

Back 201

Plasma (the liquid portion)

Formed elements (the blood cells)

Front 202

What are the four main blood groups

Back 202

A
B
AB
O

Front 203

Percentage of population that is RH +

Back 203

85%

Front 204

Anitgen and antigen present in blood type A

Back 204

Antigen A
Antibody B

Front 205

Anitgen and antigen present in blood type B

Back 205

Antigen B
Antibody A

Front 206

Anitgen and antigen present in blood type AB

Back 206

Antigen A&B
Antibody = none

Front 207

Anitgen and antigen present in blood type O

Back 207

Antigen = none
Antibody = A&B

Front 208

What is PolyHeme

Back 208

artificial blood

Front 209

Many antibodies react with their antigens to clump or _____ them

Back 209

Agglutinate

Front 210

If a baby is born to an Rh-negative mother and Rh-positive father, it may develop the disease

Back 210

Erythroblastosis fetalis

Front 211

The universal donor blood is

Back 211

O

Front 212

The universal recipient blood is

Back 212

AB

Front 213

Low platelets called

Back 213

Thrombocytopenia

Front 214

High platelets called

Back 214

Thrombocytosis

Front 215

The most abundant type of solute in blood plasma is a group of plasma proteins which include

Back 215

albumins (help retain water)

Globulins (includes antibodies)

fibrinogen and prothrombin (blood cloting)

Front 216

What is blood serum

Back 216

plasma minus its clotting factors

Front 217

What are the formed elements of blood

Back 217

RBCs
WBC's
Platelets, or thrombocytes

Front 218

name the granular leukocytes

Back 218

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Bosophils

Front 219

name the nongranular leukocytes

Back 219

Lymphocytes
Monocytes

Front 220

what are the two kinds of connective tissue that make blood cells for the body

Back 220

Myeloid tissue
and
Lymphatic tissue

Front 221

formation of new blood cells is called

Back 221

hematopoiesis

Front 222

Meyloid tissue is better know as

Back 222

red bone marrow

Front 223

Where is Meyloid tissue or red bone marrow found chiefly in an adult

Back 223

Sternum
ribs
hip bones

Front 224

Red bonde marrow forms all typed of blood cells except

Back 224

some lymphocytes and monocytes

Front 225

Where are lymphocytes and monocytes formed

Back 225

by lymphatic tissue, which is located chiefly in the lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen

Front 226

Critical nutrients need by red bone marrow to manufacture RBCs

Back 226

iron
Vitamin B12
folate (also a B vitamin)

Front 227

Characteristics of an RBC

Back 227

Bi concave disk
no Nuclious
no cytoplasmic organellies
live 80-120 days
removed by spleen and liver

Front 228

another name for hemotocrit

Back 228

PCV
packed-cell volume

Front 229

what does hematocrit measure

Back 229

the amount of space in the blood that is taken up by the RBC and is expressed as a percentage or RBCs in whole blood

Front 230

What is normal hematorcrit levels for males and females

Back 230

M=40-54%

F=38-47%

Front 231

Another name for white blood cell is

Back 231

Leukocytes

Front 232

Another name for platelets is

Back 232

Thrombocytes

Front 233

An example of a nongranular leukocyte is a/an

Back 233

Monocyte and Lymphocytes

Front 234

Sickle cell anemia is cause by

Back 234

The production of an abnormal type of hemoglobin

Front 235

The practive of using blood transfusions to increase oxygen delivery to muscles during athletic events is called

Back 235

blood doping

Front 236

One of the most useful and frequently performed clinical blood tests is called the

Back 236

CBC
Complete blood cell count

Front 237

What is a CBC

Back 237

Complete blood cell count
used to measure the amounts or levels of many blood constituents and is often ordered as a routine part of the PE

Front 238

An unusually low WBC cout would be termed

Back 238

Leukopenia

Front 239

The most numerous of the phagocytes are the

Back 239

Neutrophils

Front 240

Which one of the following types of cells is not phagocytic?
A. Neutrophils
B. Eosinophils
C. Lymphocytes
D. Monocytes
E. All of the above are phagocytic cells

Back 240

C. Lymphocytes are not phagocytic

Front 241

What does vitamin K stimulate the liver cells to increase the synthesis of

Back 241

Prothombin

Front 242

If part of a clot dislodges and circulates through the bloodstream, the dislodged part is called a/an

Back 242

Embolus

Front 243

This disease usually occurs as a result of the destruction of bone marrow by toxic chemicals or radiation

Back 243

Aplastic anemia

Front 244

An example of hemolytic anemia is

Back 244

Sickle cell anemia

Front 245

The disease that results from a failure to form blood clotting factor VIII is

Back 245

Hemophilia

Front 246

A special type of WBC count used as a diagnostic tool is known as a/an

Back 246

differential WBC count

Front 247

abnormally high WBC count

Back 247

Leukocytosis

Front 248

Final stage of clotting process

Back 248

Fibrin

Front 249

Stationary blood clot

Back 249

Thrombus

Front 250

Circulating blood clot

Back 250

Embolism

Front 251

what does heprin do

Back 251

prevents clotting of blood

Front 252

function of Erythrocyte

Back 252

O2 and CO2 transport

Front 253

function of Neutrophil

Back 253

immune defense (phagocytosis)

Front 254

function of Basophil

Back 254

inflammatory response and heparin secretion

Front 255

function of B lymphocyte

Back 255

Antibody production (precursor of plasma cells)

Front 256

function of monocyte

Back 256

immune defenses (phagocytosis)

Front 257

function of Thrombocyte

Back 257

Blood clotting

Front 258

what causes sickle cell anemia

Back 258

a genetic defect

Front 259

Deficiency in the number or function of erythrocytes is called

Back 259

Anemia

Front 260

They have the ability to fight infection. They provide defense against certain parsites, and they provide immune defense

Back 260

Leukocytes

Front 261

are clotting factors found in blood serum

Back 261

no. blood serum is blood plasma - clotting factors

Front 262

where are albumins, gases, and waste products found in the blood

Back 262

plasma

Front 263

An allergic reaction may increase the number of this type of Leukocyte

Back 263

Eosinophils

Front 264

which of the following steps are not involved in blood clot formation?

A. a blood vessel is injured and platelet factors are formed

B. Thrombin is converted into prothrombin

C. Fibrinogen is converted into fibrin.

D. All of the above are involved in blood clot formation.

Back 264

B. Thrombin is converted into prothrombin

Front 265

Anemia caused by an actual decrease in the # of circulating RBCs lost because of hemorrhage or bleeding.

Back 265

HEMORRHAGIC ANEMIA
acute blood-loss anemia
or
chronic blood-loss anemia

Front 266

anemia characterized by abnormally low RBC counts and destruction of bone marrow. often related to high dose exposure to certain toxic chemicals such as benzene or mercury, irradiation, and in susceptible individuals, certain drugs including chloramphenicol.

Back 266

APLASTIC ANEMIA

Front 267

anemia that results from a dietary deficiency of vitamin B12 or from the failure of the stomach lining to produce "intrinsic factor"--the substance that allows B12 to be absorbed which impairs the bone marrow and results in decreased RBC production

Back 267

PERNICIOUS ANEMIA

Front 268

Anemia similar to Pernicious anemia resulting in a decrease in RBC count caused by Folic Acid deficiency

Back 268

FOLATE DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

Front 269

Anemia caused by iron defiency or iron malabsorpiton problems

Back 269

IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA