Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
What embryonic layer is the neural plate derived from?
|
Ectoderm
|
Outer Layer
|
|
|
What week does the neural tube close?
|
4th wk
|
|
|
|
Which neuropore closes first?
|
anterior or cranial neuropore
|
|
|
|
What happens if the posterior neuropore fails to close?
|
spina bifida
|
|
|
|
What happens if the anterior neuropore fails to close?
|
anencephaly
|
|
|
|
Where are the basal plates located and what kind of cells do they give rise to?
|
They are located ventrally or anteriorly and they give rise to motor or efferent cells.
|
|
|
|
Where are the alar plates located and what kind of cells do they give rise to?
|
They are located dorsally or posteriorly and give rise to sensory of afferent cells
|
|
|
|
What are the three primary vesicles of the brain?
|
rhombencephalon, mesencephalon, prosencephalon
|
|
|
|
The rhombencephalon also known as the hind brain gives rise to what 2 structures and what do they develop into?
|
Myelencephalon - medulla
Metencephalon - pons and cerebellum |
|
|
|
What does the mesencephalon become?
|
Midbrain
|
|
|
|
What does the prosencephalon differentiate into and what do those structures become?
|
diencephalon - thalamus, hypo, sub, epi and post lobe of pituitary
Telencephalon - cerebral cortes, basal ganglia, white matter |
|
|
|
What kinds of things do neural crest cells become
|
GANGLIA - sensory, dorsal root
Schwann cells Melanocytes |
|
|
|
What is the myelinating cell of the PNS?
|
Schwann cell which myelinate a singe axon at a time
|
|
|
|
What is the myelinating cell of the CNS?
|
OLigodendrocyte which myelinates multiple axons at one time
|
|
|
|
What is the embryonic origin of the choroid plexus?
|
Roof Plate
|
|
|
|
WHat specific structure does the cerebellum develop from?
|
Rhombic lips which are the dorsolateral aspect of the alar plates
|
|
|
|
What is the amygdala derived from?
|
Telecephalon
|
|
|
|
What is the anterior lobe of the pituitary derived from?
|
Rathke's pouch
|
|
|
|
What are common symptoms of hydrocephalus?
|
vomitting, head aches, cranial nerve dysfunc, problem with aquisition of motor skills, problems breathing
|
|
|
|
What causes hydrocephalus?
|
Buildup of CSF
|
|
|
|
What is syringomyelia?
|
Bilateral segmental loss of pain and temperature
|
|
|
|
What is periventricular leukomalacia?
|
When the arteries of the cerebrum do no adequately supply the ventricle and necrosis occurs around ventricle due to poor vascularization.
|
|
|
|
What are the 2 areas where neural stem cells can be found?
|
Subventricular zone
Hippocampus - subgranular zone of dentate gyrus |
|
|
|
What inhibits and excites neurogenesis?
|
Stress --> inhibit via increased glucocorticoids
Exercise --> excite |
|
|
|
What is the sensory modality of meissner's corpuslce?
|
Light touch
|
|
|
|
What is the sensory modality of Pacinian Corpuscle?
|
deep pressure and vibration
|
|
|
|
What is the sensory modality of Krause end bulb?
|
Cold
|
|
|
|
What is the sensory modality of Ruffini Corpuscle
|
Heat
|
|
|
|
What is the sensory modality of Golgi Spindle?
|
Stretch in muscle
|
|
|
|
What is the sensory modality of golgi tendo organ?
|
Stretch in tendon
|
|
|
|
What is the sensory modality of bare nerve endings?
|
Pain
|
|
|
|
What are Schmidt Lanterman Clefts?
|
Loops of cytoplasm in btw myelin
|
|
|
|
Rank the neurons in order if increasing synapses/dendrites: purkinje, spinal cord, cerebral cortex
|
1) spinal cord
2) cerebral cortex 3) purkinje cells |
|
|
|
What is affected in Lou Gehrig's dz or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis?
|
Motor cells are attacked
|
|
|
|
What is a possible cause of ALS?
|
MUtation in superoxide dimutase I gene
|
|
|
|
What is in the 3 layers of the cerebellum?
|
1) Outer = Molecular --> Axons + dendrites
2) Central = Granule Layer --> small neurons 3) Inner Layer = single row of purkinje cells |
|
|
|
What is the difference between macroglia and microglia?
|
MAcroglia = astrocytes + oligodendrocytes
microglia = phagocytes |
|
|
|
What is Adrenoleukodystrophy ( ALD)?
|
Degeneration of myelin and Adrenal Glands
|
|
|
|
What is multiple Sclerosis?
|
Demyelinating disease where antibodies attack myelin.
|
|
|
|
How do astrocytes store energy?
|
In form of glycogen
|
|
|
|
Where are fibrous astrocytes located compared to protoplasmic astrocytes?
|
fibrous - white matter
protoplasmic - gray matter |
|
|
|
Which type of astrocyte has more glial filament?
|
Fibrous
|
|
|
|
What is the fnc of ependymal cells?
|
Keep CSF moving in the ventricles
|
|
