Network Media And Connectors

Front 1

Coax

Back 1

Coaxial cable is one Strand of a solid copper wire, covered in insulation (braided wire and metal foil) for shielding.

Front 2

Thin-net Coax

Back 2

RG-58 cabling (flexible coax) for short distance. Has BNC connector transfer rate of 10 mbps and max length of 185 meters.

Front 3

BNC connector

Back 3

(BAYONET NEILL-CONCELMAN) connector

Front 4

Coax-Thicknet

Back 4

RG-8 (much thicker) cable used as backbone cable length of 500 meters (max transfer at 10mbps). Transceiver connected to vampire tap & uses Attachment Unit Interface (AUI) port connector.

Front 5

Twisted Pair Cable

Back 5

4 pairs of wires twisted to reduce crosstalk/interference from outside devices.

Front 6

Twisted- Pair two forms

Back 6

Unshielded Twisted Pair(UTP), and Shielded twisted Pair (STP)

Front 7

Unshielded twisted pair

Back 7

Max distance is 100 meters,(cats had max 55 meters in 10Gbaset.

UTP uses RJ-45 , easier to install than

Coax.

Front 8

Utp cat 1 transfer rate

Back 8

voice only, NO transfer

Front 9

Utp Cat 2 transfer rate

Back 9

4 mbps

Front 10

Utp cat 3 transfer rate

Back 10

10mbps

Front 11

Utp cat 4 transfer rate

Back 11

16 mbps

Front 12

Utp cat 5 transfer rate

Back 12

100 mbps

Front 13

Utp Cat 5e transfer speed

Back 13

1 Gbps

Front 14

Utp cat 6 transfer rate

Back 14

10 Gbps

Front 15

UTP Cat 6a transfer rate

Back 15

10 Gbps

Front 16

Utp Cat 7 transfer rate

Back 16

10 Gbps

Front 17

Utp cat 6 max distance

Back 17

55 meters

Front 18

Utp cat6a max distance

Back 18

100 meters

Front 19

Straight through cables

Back 19

Wires 1,2,3,6- transmit +, transmit -, receive +, receive - (tx+, tx-, rx+, rx-)

Front 20

Crossover cables

Back 20

To connect computer to computer, switch to switch, switch to Hub, router to router, router to computer

Front 21

Crossover cable assemblage :

Back 21

Wire 1 Tx+, 2 Tx-, 3 Rx+, 6 Rx-,

Front 22

T1/E1 Crossover Cable

Back 22

Same reason as crossover, just with T1 interface of 1,2,& 4,5 (tx+&-)

Front 23

568A

Back 23

1, white/orange 2 Orange, 3 White/green, 4 Blue, 5, white/blue, 6 green, 7 white/brown, 8 brown.

Front 24

568B

Back 24

1. W/Orange, 2 O, 3 w/green, 4B, 5 W/Blue, 6G, 7W/brown, 8 brown

Front 25

Rollover cable

Back 25

Used to connect to a Cisco router/switch. (Aka console cable), connects to the console port, then you can config the switch.

Front 26

Shielded Twisted-Pair Cable,(STP) cabling.

Back 26

Utp but with Insulation for signal processing

Front 27

Fiber cabling

Back 27

Optical fibers with a thin glass cylinder called the core, surrounded by a concentric layer of glass; known as cladding. Two fibers per cable 1 TX, 1 Rx. Core can be plastic and cladding can be gel.

Runs w/speed 1Gbps and up.

Front 28

Single Mode Fiber (SMF)

Back 28

Signal ray of light knows as MODE to carry the transmission over long distances.

Front 29

Multimode Fiber

Back 29

Use multiple rays of lights(modes) simultaneously w/each running at different angles to carry TX over short distances.

Front 30

APC

Back 30

Angle Polished Connecter End of the fiber cable angled down at 8 degrees to change light reflection when it hits the connector so it hits cladding when reflected.

Front 31

UPC

Back 31

Ultra- Polished Connector Polished end reflects light back down the core toward the source, where it hits the connector, causing slight degradation.

Front 32

Fiber Connection-ST

Back 32

Straight tip connection- based on BNC style, but with fiber-optic cable instead of copper.

Front 33

Fiber connector-LC

Back 33

Preferred for communications exceeding 1 Gbps due to small form.

Front 34

Fiber connector-SC

Back 34

Square connection similar to RJ-45.

Front 35

Fiber connector-MTRJ

Back 35

Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack- common connector for small form factor systems.

Front 36

Connector types: COAX

Back 36

BNC & BNC-T - BNC-T connector has a terminator to extend cable; at the end there is a BNC-t to network card adapter. Terminator needs to go on both sides of an adapter.

Front 37

Twisted-Pair Connector: Coupler

Back 37

Female-to-female coupler joining two cables together for greater distances. *Should NOT exceed 100 meters. (also couplers are produced for Fiber&Coax

Front 38

Other Connectors- F-Type

Back 38

(F-Connector) coax connector that connects to TV

Front 39

Other connectors- FC

Back 39

Special Fiber connector designed for environments with very high level of vibration.

Front 40

Other Connectors- Rj-48

Back 40

(Registered Jack 48) used by T1 devices * more in later chapter.

Front 41

Transceivers: SFP

Back 41

Small Form Factor Plugabble (SFP) allows admins to connect different interfaces into SFP module (like into FIber). *Transfer rate is 1.25 Gbps.

Front 42

Transceivers: GBIC

Back 42

Gigabit Interface Convertor: (outmoded- by SFP), but converted up to 1.25Gbps

Front 43

Transceivers: SFP +

Back 43

Enhanced small form-factor pluggable. Hot swappable replacement to SFP tat supports transfer rates 16 Gbps.

Front 44

Transceivers: QSFP

Back 44

Quad small form-factor pluggable is hot swappable transceiver type; supporting diff types of network media. *Supports transfer speed of 4x1Gbps QSFP+ supports 4x 28 Gbps

Front 45

Fiber transceivers:

Back 45

Reduce latency, supports bidirectional comms, and duplexing.

**For bidirectional comms, two strands of fiber MINIMUM are needed.

*** W/Duplexing send and receive at the same time is possible.

Front 46

USB

Back 46

Universal Serial Bus (supports 127 devices in the chain.

Front 47

USB 1.1

Back 47

Transfer max of 12 Mbps

Front 48

USB 2.0

Back 48

Transfer max of 480 Mbps

Front 49

USB 3.0

Back 49

Transfer max of 5 Gbps

Front 50

USB connection type A & B - Micro & Mini

Back 50

Type A- connects to computer. Type B connects to device (like printer).

Micro & Mini have A/B version too.

Front 51

IEEE 1394 Firewire

Back 51

Ultra High speed bus supporting 63 devices in the chain. Ideal for real-time application/devices like video

Front 52

IEEE 1394 TYPES:

Back 52

Two types of Firewire: 1394a = Transfer rate of 400Mbps

1394b - transfer rate of 800 Mbps

Front 53

DB-9 (RS-232)

Back 53

Standard connection type for serial ports on computer. WAS popular for P2P between two hosts or modems. Transfer rates of 20,000 bits per second (standard but devices can go higher).

Front 54

DB-25

Back 54

Used by different devices ( common older printer port)

Front 55

Network over powerline type: Broadband over Powerline

Back 55

Broadband over powerline (BPL)- Common in areas where there is not a laid out infrastructure; BPL gives you special modem that connects your computer to router.

Front 56

Network over powerline type: Ethernet over Powerline

Back 56

Network adapter that taps into a power outlet; uses and RJ45 jack to connect back to computer. Good for long distance runs, or wired as opposed to wifi connection.

You would also plug in a switch this way

Front 57

Network over powerline type: Ethernet over HDMI

Back 57

Can be delivered via HDMI

Front 58

DOCSIS

Back 58

Data Over Cable Service Interface Specificiation (DOCSIS) - Cable companies offer high-speed over existing cable system using hybrid fiber-coax infrastructure. (HFC)

Front 59

Media Convertor Types:

Back 59

Single-Mode Fiber to Ethernet

Multimode Fiber to Ethernet

Fiber to Coax

Single-Mode to Multimode Fiber

Front 60

Network Tech types- Bonding:

Back 60

AKA Channel bonding. Join bandwidth of multiple network cards installed in single system or device to get better network performance or throughput.

Front 61

Network Tech Types: MPLS

Back 61

Multiprotocol Label Switching- Tech which allows you to assign a label to data and the network device makes routing decisions based on the label not the packet. This works for better throughput so you don't need to analyze the header of a packet.

Front 62

Network Access Methods:

Back 62

Access method determines how a host will place data on the wire; does the host have to wait its turn, or can it just place on the wire whenever?

Front 63

Network Access Method- CSMA/CD

Back 63

Carrier Sense Multiple Action with Collision Detection- Most popular access methods today.

Every host has equal access to the wire and can place data on wire when free from traffic.

If something else is on wire it will be "sensed", then wait. If not it will send. (Normally on wired networks)

Front 64

Network Access Method- CSMA/CA

Back 64

Carrier Sense multiple access with collision avoidance CSMA/CA- not as popular as CSMA/CD. CSMA/CA not as effective. Still tries to AVOID collisions by sending a request to send signal (normally on wireless networks)

Front 65

Network Modulation:

Back 65

Alter property or characteristic of a signal.

Front 66

Network Modulation Type 1: Digital

Back 66

Digital modulation involves converting a digital signal toan analog signal so data can travel over an analog line. At end of line; converted back to digital.

Front 67

Network Modulation Type 2: Analog

Back 67

Analog involves transferring analog signal over analog line with different frequencies.

Front 68

Multiplexing & De-multiplexing

Back 68

Comms technique allowing multiple signals/streams of data over shared medium. while demultiplexing removes signal from the shared line.

One benefit is to have the cost of the network medium shared by the sources of the data streams.

Front 69

Ways multiplexing occurs: Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)

Back 69

Time Division Multiplexing- each data source is given equal time slots on the medium to transfer data during non-overlapping times.

Front 70

Ways multiplexing occurs: Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)

Back 70

Frequency division multiplexing- each source is assigned a different frequency within the medium so that each can deliver their data at the same time in separated discrete frequencies.

Front 71

BIT RATES

Back 71

Identifies how many bits can be transferred across the line and is measured by bits per second (bps)

Front 72

BAUD Rate =

Back 72

Number of signal/symbol changes per second. (Symbol changes here means voltage/frequency/phase change).

Front 73

Network architecture- Baseband:

Back 73

Baseband sends digital signal through the media as a single channel that uses the entire bandwidth of the media.. Signal delivered as pulse of electricity or light (depending on cable type).

Bidirectional- sosame channel can send a receive signals.

Front 74

Network Architecture-Broadband:

Back 74

Broadband sends info via analog signal. Each transmission is assigned to a portion of the bandwidth (aka a frequency), so multiple transmissions can occur at the same time.

Broadband is unidirectional: in order to send and receive, two pathways need to be used. Can be accomplished by assigning a sending & receiving frequency OR using two cables (one send one receive).

Front 75

Fast Ethernet 100BaseT & 100BaseFX:

Back 75

Standard of the 100Basex family, differs in types of cables used. 100BaseTX uses two pairs (4 wires) in Cat5 while 100BaseT4 uses UTP cabling of all four pairs (8 wires).

100BaseFX uses two strands of Fiber instead of Twister-Pair cabling.

Front 76

Gigabit Ethernet: De facto standard- uses IEEE 802.3z & IEEE 802.3ab

Back 76

Transfer rates of 100Mbps (1 Gbps) using traditional coax- twisted pair and fiber optic cabling.

Front 77

IEEE 8023.z= 1000BaseX

Back 77

Standard of Gigabit ethernet running over coax or fiber; 3 types.

Front 78

IEEE 802.3z type 1 1000BaseSX-

Back 78

Multimode fiber runs of 1 Gbps- short distances of up to 550 meters.

Front 79

IEEE 802.3z type 2 1000BaseLX-

Back 79

Single mode fiber runs of 1 Gbps up to 3 kilometers

Front 80

IEEE 802.3z type 3 1000BaseCX-

Back 80

Coax runs of 1 Gbps, up to 25 meters

Front 81

IEEE 802.3ab-

Back 81

1000BaseT or BaseTX Gibabit ethernet running via Twisted pair cabling including Rj-45 connectors & CSMA/CD.

Uses Cat5e or Cat6 unshielded twisted pair, difference is 100BaseTX runs over two pairs (4 wires) vs. 1000 BaseTX runs over four pairs.

Front 82

10GBaseSr-

Back 82

Runs at 10Gbps and uses short-range multimode fiber. Max distance of 400 meters

Front 83

10GBaseLr-

Back 83

Runs at 10 Gbps and uses LONG RANGE single mode up to 10km distance.

Front 84

10GBaseER-

Back 84

10 Gbps uses EXTRA LONG RANGE single mode fiber- Max distance of 40 kilometers.

Front 85

10G BaseT

Back 85

Runs at 10Gbps using Cat6a UTP cabling- max distance of 100 meters.

Front 86

SONET

Back 86

Synchronous Optical Network (chptr 12)

Front 87

Fiber- SONET - 10GBaseSW

Back 87

Short Range 10GBps multimode- max 100 meters

Front 88

10GBaseLW-

Back 88

Long range 10Gbps single mode FIber Max 10 kilometers

Front 89

10GBaseEW-

Back 89

Extended range single mode Fiber max distance of 40 km.

Front 90

##BaseXX- Name Conventions

Back 90

## is speed, Base is baseband, Base Suffix is Cable type/medium, T stands for Twisted pair, # following that is # of pairs [i.e. 10BaseT4], F is for Fiber optic, X represents higher grade connection.

100BaseTX is either UTP/STP 100 Mbps. Fiber optic cable like 100BaseFX, speed is faster than 10BaseF.

Front 91

Network OS two most common;

Back 91

Windows server 2016 ; unix/linux

Front 92

Operating system (OS)-

Back 92

Method in which to deliver services to the clients on the network. Services can be file sharing, printer sharing, DNS services, or Logon services (when directory server).

Front 93

Windows Servers-

Back 93

(Orginally Windows NT, from VMS [virtual memory system] platform before that) servers offer following services -

File & Print, DNS and WINS (NETBIOS), DHCP, directory, web, Email, and group policies.

Server core installation option does not include a GUI.

Front 94

REDIRECTOR

Back 94

When clients make request for network resource, the redirector redirects from local to network server.

Front 95

Active Directory Database

Back 95

User accounts residing on domain controllers.

Front 96

Active Directory

Back 96

Microsofts version of a directory service

Front 97

Directory Services

Back 97

Place where login information is stored, and place where users can access network resources (like printers and folders).

Front 98

Unix/Linux

Back 98

Developed by bell labs, Unix provides powerful networking and DB management. Unix has three key features to make it more powerful :

Multitasking, multiusers, and networking capabilites.

Unix/ Linux (unit's "cousin") are not ONLY command line now. It has word processor and other common functions.

Front 99

Unix/Linux Directory Service-

Back 99

Network Information Service (NIS), {now LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol} can cross function with active Directory. NIS also stores central list of objects, users, and groups.